Social Inequality Exam Bank
Course Introduction
This course explores the structures, causes, and consequences of social inequality in contemporary societies. It examines how differences in class, race, ethnicity, gender, and other social categories shape access to resources and opportunities. Students will analyze theoretical perspectives and empirical research on patterns of inequality, focusing on topics such as income distribution, educational attainment, and health disparities. The course also considers the roles of public policy, social movements, and institutional practices in addressing or perpetuating social inequalities. Through critical discussion and case studies, students develop a nuanced understanding of the complexities surrounding social stratification and equity.
Recommended Textbook
Gender Ideas Interactions Institutions 1st Edition by Lisa Wade
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12 Chapters
374 Verified Questions
374 Flashcards
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Chapter 2: Ideas
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does our associative memory work to make the gender binary seem more real than it is?
A) We constantly overlook, forget, or misremember any exceptions to the gender binary.
B) We recall gender stereotypes during childhood only, but misremember experiences in later years.
C) We tend to better remember bodies that are stereotype-inconsistent with the gender binary.
D) All of the above.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a message of this chapter?
A) Much of the difference we attribute to bodies is a result of us working hard to make them appear different and even opposite.
B) Gender ideologies shape our cognition through both perceptions and misperceptions.
C) All cultures have gender ideologies, but only ours (the gender binary ones) distorts our cognition.
D) Wearing gender binary glasses makes us culturally competent.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Bodies
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is sexual dimorphism?
A) the shared behavioral and physical traits of males and females
B) a sexual preference for the opposite sex
C) the average differences between males and females of a species
D) to identify as the opposite sex
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is a naturalist explanation of gender differences?
A) Humans are born as "blank slates" upon which social forces inscribe gender differences.
B) Gender differences are biological and exist independently of external influences.
C) There are no gender differences between men and women in their natural state.
D) Nature and nurture work together to produce gender differences.
Answer: B
Q3) What are hormonal feedback loops?
A) ways to shift hormone levels with medicine
B) the occurrence of both androgens and estrogens in men and women
C) the body's hormonal response to stimuli
D) the different parenting abilities of men and women
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Performance
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rebellion against gender rules will have what character?
A) It will persist until it reaches the natural limits that biology imposes.
B) It will be recognizable as rebellion only if the rule breaker doesn't provide accounts for breaking the rules.
C) It will be limited by how individuals were socialized during their childhood.
D) It will avoid gender policing by staying underground or at the margins of society.
Answer: B
Q2) Why are guys who dress up like women at Halloween unlikely to be victims of hate crimes?
A) Dressing up like a woman for Halloween is temporary.
B) The guys can use Halloween to account for their behavior.
C) Guys dressed up like women on Halloween are so masculine that they would never fool anyone.
D) No gender rules apply on Halloween.
Answer: B
Q3) If men and women aren't naturally opposite, then why do they act so differently so much of the time?
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Chapter 5: Intersections
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ageism is a form of prejudice that
A) equates the signs of aging with decreased social value.
B) discriminates against people of Aegean origin.
C) places increased emphasis on men's appearance as they get older.
D) discriminates against heterosexual couples in which the woman is older than the man but not the reverse.
Q2) What kinds of challenges do women and men with physical disabilities face in designing strategies with which to do gender? Are the strategies that are open to them differently available to women and men? To women and men of different race or class statuses? To women and men living in different kinds of urban/rural locations or family structures? Pick one intersectional situation to put in the center and compare the strategies of disabled people with at least three different life situations to this "reference person."
Q3) What conditions make it more likely that a man will adopt a Breadwinner gender strategy?
A) He has children and realizes he loves parenting.
B) He is promoted to partner at a law firm and his wife loses her job.
C) He works at a dead-end job and is married to a Career Woman.
D) He loses his factory job and retrains to work at the local hospital as a nurse.
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Page 6
Chapter 6: Inequality, Men and Masculinities
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Q1) What is hegemonic masculinity?
A) The idea that masculinity is inevitable, natural, and desirable.
B) The idea that all men share positive attributes like strength, rationality, and power.
C) An idealized and unattainable notion of a man who embodies all the traits associated with masculinity.
D) Extreme conformity to the more aggressive rules of masculinity.
Q2) What is hegemonic masculinity? What makes it unattainable in practice? If it can't be real, what social purposes does this idea serve? Why would men uphold it, even at the price of their own subordination?
Q3) Choose the correct statement.
A) Men follow gender rules in order to police women, as part of their male privilege.
B) Men at the top of the hierarchy of men can police the gender of all the other men without fear of being censured themselves.
C) Men follow gender rules only to avoid being policed by other men.
D) Men follow gender rules as part of a patriarchal bargain in which they accept certain costs in exchange for valuable benefits.
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Chapter 7: Inequality: Women and Femininities
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the nature of the relationship between hostile sexism and benevolent sexism?
A) Positive correlation: If one type is present in a society, so is the other.
B) Inverse correlation: If one type is present in a society, the other is not.
C) Direct causal relationship #1: Hostile sexism leads to benevolent sexism.
D) Direct causal relationship #2: Benevolent sexism leads to hostile sexism.
Q2) Which of the following statements expresses the No. 1 gender rule?
A) A woman needs to embrace femininity and masculinity.
B) Parents experience anxiety when their girls exhibits gender-nonconforming behavior.
C) An individual has to identify as male or female and perform gender in a way that's consistent with that identity.
D) The model man does not ever behave femininely.
Q3) Why do women make patriarchal bargains?
A) in order to be viewed as self-sacrificial
B) in order to limit the behavioral freedom enjoyed by men
C) in order to maximize their autonomy and well-being in the face of sexism and subordination
D) in order to embrace anything associated with masculinity at all
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Chapter 8: Institutions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is NOT true about sex-segregated sports?
A) They affirm the hierarchical gender binary.
B) They protect women from the idea that they are inferior athletes.
C) They protect men from losing face.
D) They help justify paying female athletes less than male ones.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of an institution?
A) the Cleveland Browns
B) Wal-Mart
C) health care
D) the Academy Awards
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a feature of social institutions?
A) They differ in the nature and intensity of enforcement of norms and policies.
B) They shape our overall social structure.
C) They operate completely independently from each other.
D) They are instrumental in meeting needs of a society that can't easily be met by individuals alone.
Q4) When it comes down to it, regardless of social construction and social pressure, don't we live in a society in which it's possible to just be an individual?
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Page 9
Chapter 9: Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term 'marriage-go-around' was used to refer to what American social practice?
A) High rates of premarital cohabitation among younger generations of Americans.
B) Higher rates of both cohabitation and marriage among Americans compared to other countries.
C) Higher rates of both divorce and remarriage among Americans compared with other countries.
D) Higher rates of cohabitation, marriage, and divorce among Americans compared with other countries.
Q2) Which of the following characterized the 1950s?
A) Divorce rates increased.
B) The age for marriage and motherhood rose.
C) Fertility rates remained steady.
D) The education gap between women and men increased sharply.
Q3) The 1920s were a watershed period in young people's sexuality. What new opportunities did women and men encounter? What were the costs and benefits for each gender?
Q4) A friend of yours argues that it is important to respect 'traditional' marriage? Why is her statement meaningless in historical perspective?
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Page 10
Chapter 10: Sexualities
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is sexual spectating?
A) focusing on how a sexual activity feels
B) watching others' sexual performances for enjoyment
C) monitoring one's own sexual performance
D) controlling others' sexual performances
Q2) According to OKCupid data, why is men's desirability less dependent on his looks?
A) Because women only respond to men with high incomes and do not consider men's looks.
B) Because the most attractive women are less likely to receive messages than the most attractive men.
C) Because in addition to desirability, men can offset being not-so-attractive by being funny, smart, or rich.
D) Because on average, men tend to seek women who are more than them.
Q3) Is the orgasm gap an outcome of natural biological differences between men and women? Why or why not?
Q4) Based on data from OKCupid, how do age, race, class, and gender intersect to play a role in the erotic marketplace? Discuss at least two of the wider social implications of this differential "marketability."
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Page 11
Chapter 11: Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ideology of intensive motherhood is reflected in all of the following relationships EXCEPT
A) mothers feel they should never allow anyone else to be an emotionally significant caretaker of their children.
B) child rearing today involves extreme investments of time, energy, and material resources only from the mothers who can afford to stay home full time.
C) maximizing children's educational and career achievement is a mother's primary goal.
D) more personal investment in doing childcare than in housework, especially among upper and upper-middle class mothers who can afford some domestic outsourcing.
Q2) What is one reason that divorced women might experience more happiness than divorced men after their marriage ends?
A) Only divorced women are entitled to alimony and tax rebates.
B) Divorced women spend less time on the second shift.
C) Divorced women can now channel their energy toward being a Super Mom.
D) Divorced women rely more on domestic outsourcing than divorced men do.
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Chapter 12: Work
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gendered job segregation is
A) relatively constant over time and place because it reflects gender dimorphism.
B) extremely high (90 percent or more) in some occupations in the United States today.
C) virtually gone from most U.S. occupations since the 1960s.
D) making men and women who do the same work do it separately.
Q2) If women now have equal protection in the workplace, why aren't they as successful as men at work?
Q3) Which of the following best describes the fatherhood premium?
A) Married fathers who live with their children earn less than married men without children at all.
B) On average, employers offer married men with children higher salaries than single men.
C) Married fathers are more likely to keep their jobs than married men without children. D) Men with children earn more than women with children.
Q4) Use the history of the flight attendant to discuss the social construction of skill.
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Chapter 13: Politics
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to, which country offers parental leave to both mothers and fathers at 100 percent of their income for the longest number of weeks?
A) Denmark
B) United States
C) Israel
D) South Korea
Q2) Explain the difference between the gender of governance and the governance of gender. Discuss some of the ways that the United States governs in gendered ways. Give some examples of how the gender of governance is related to the symbolic and substantive representation of women in politics in the United States or some other country?
Q3) Laws that make it illegal to discriminate in the workplace are examples of
A) policies designed to tackle androcentrism.
B) equal value models of governance.
C) policies that ensure men and women participate equally.
D) equal access policies aimed to reduce sexism.
Q4) Give concrete examples of three of the obstacles that contemporary feminists face. Discuss what it might take to overcome these obstacles and create more opportunities for feminist activism.
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