Social Inequality Exam Bank
Course Introduction
This course examines the structures, causes, and consequences of social inequality within contemporary societies. It explores how access to resources and opportunities is shaped by social factors such as class, race, gender, ethnicity, and nationality. Through theoretical perspectives and empirical research, students will analyze patterns of inequality in areas such as income, education, health, and power. The course also considers the roles played by institutions, policies, and ideologies in maintaining or challenging systems of inequality, and encourages critical reflection on possible routes toward greater social justice.
Recommended Textbook
Sociology Your Compass for a New World 5th Canadian Edition by Robert J. Brym
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22 Chapters
3272 Verified Questions
3272 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: A Sociological Compass
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The belief that fashion is a distraction for the masses and a means to increase the profits for wealthy industrial owners is a feature of which type of analysis?
A)functionalist
B)conflict theory
C)symbolic interactionist
D)feminist
Answer: B
Q2) Massimo has noticed that while universities are places where people learn specific skills that prepare them for the world of employment, they are also excellent places for meeting one's future mate.Which of the following best characterizes the "marriage market" role of the university?
A)evolutionary advantage
B)evolutionary disadvantage
C)overt function
D)latent function
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: How Sociologists Do Research
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the 1970s, a sociologist observed sexual encounters in public washrooms without revealing his identity to participants.What would have been the researcher's best attempt to minimize the invasion of the participants' privacy?
A)not using any recording equipment
B)debriefing the respondents
C)becoming a participant in the activity
D)revealing the respondents' identity only to his colleagues
Answer: B
Q2) A researcher measures individual intelligence by the circumference of a person's head in centimetres.Which of the following statements best characterizes this measurement?
A)It has high reliability and high validity.
B)It has high reliability and low validity.
C)It has low reliability and high validity.
D)It has low reliability and low validity.
Answer: B
Q3) Variable is to a concept as hypothesis is to an observation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Culture
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152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How has the United Nations defined female genital mutilation (FGM)?
A)as cultural diversification
B)as ethnocentrism
C)as cultural assimilation
D)as violence against women
Answer: D
Q2) Shelley is carrying a large heavy box out of class, while the people ahead of her exit the classroom and allow the door to slam in her face.What cultural rule are they breaking?
A)a taboo
B)a more
C)a folkway
D)cooperation
Answer: C
Q3) Language influences people's experiences and the ways they see the world.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) What is culture?
Answer: Responses will vary
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Chapter 4: Socialization
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157 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In preindustrial societies, how were children viewed?
A)as smaller versions of adults
B)as capable of doing no wrong
C)as being inherently wicked
D)as sent to earth by supernatural beings
Q2) The hidden curriculum is inconsistent with the values to which many students from poor and racial-minority families are exposed at home.What is a common outcome of this situation for these students?
A)They are skeptical of the ability of school to open job opportunities or other paths of achievement for them.
B)They are hostile toward other poor groups, whom they view as competitors for scarce resources.
C)They do very well in non-academic courses that stream them into class-appropriate job opportunities.
D)They work harder than other students to overcome the disadvantages they have.
Q3) Most people attempt to develop skills that enable them to perform their gender roles in a culturally conventional way.
A)True
B)False
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Social Interaction
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158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Carrie-Lee is embarrassed when her friends from university see her working as a Walmart greeter, so she explains to them that she is only doing it in order to find out firsthand how the company treats its employees.What is Carrie-Lee engaged in when she justifies her actions to her friends?
A)role conflict
B)role separation
C)role detachment
D)role strain
Q2) What do we call the ability to actualize one's own will even in the face of resistance?
A)authority
B)power
C)rational choice
D)competition
Q3) What is the central concept in conflict-theory understanding of social interaction? Define it and give an example.
Q4) Compare power-centred, dramaturgical and ethnomethodological perspectives on social interaction.In what ways are they similar and different?
Q5) Define and give examples of role-making and role distancing.
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Chapter 6: Networks, Groups, Bureaucracies, and Societies
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the textbook, what characterizes work in a postindustrial society?
A)a shift from manufacturing to service jobs
B)a shift from agricultural to manufacturing jobs
C)more women employed than men
D)women better educated than men
Q2) Citizens in Liverpool, England, failed to come to the aid of two-year-old James Bulger when he was being tortured and murdered.This is known as "groupthink."
A)True
B)False
Q3) What role did networks, groups, and bureaucracies play in the Holocaust?
Q4) Heather works for a small but highly profitable software development company.In which of the following organizational structures will Heather and her co-workers be the most satisfied with their jobs and the most productive?
A)traditional hierarchy
B)modern hierarchy
C)network structure
D)vertical structure
Q5) How are you connected to networks in your own life? Use specific examples and relevant concepts.
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Chapter 7: Deviance and Crime
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183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) White-collar crime is underdetected, underprosecuted, and underconvicted because it is the crime of the powerful and the well-to-do.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is the most frequently applied punishment in Canada today?
A)imprisonment
B)community service
C)fines
D)probation
Q3) Nelson Mandela's behaviour in the past is still considered to be deviant today.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Deviance and crime are socially constructed.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A central question of control theory is: "Why doesn't everyone engage in deviant behaviour?"
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Social Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some politicians present welfare policies as wasteful, unfair, and not worthy of serious consideration.In Weber's terms, what are they trying to achieve by presenting policies of their opponents in this way?
A)power
B)authority
C)charisma
D)instrumental rationality
Q2) How has the degree of income inequality in Canada changed between 1976 and 2010?
A)It has increased faster than in the U.S.
B)It has increased slower than in the U.S.
C)It has increased slower than in Denmark.
D)It has decreased slower than in Denmark.
Q3) Rosa's parents have very little money and she often has to go to elementary school without breakfast or lunch.Rosa is very bright, but on the days when this happens, she finds it difficult to concentrate on her schoolwork.What does Rosa lack in this situation?
A)equality of opportunity
B)equality of condition
C)equality of distribution
D)equality of production
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Chapter 9: Globalization, Inequality, and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best characterizes the balance of power between nation-states and transnational corporations (TNCs)?
A)TNCs are increasingly autonomous from nation-states.
B)National governments dominate TNCs.
C)TNCs depend on nation-states.
D)National governments depend on TNCs.
Q2) What changes in international telecommunications have made globalization possible?
Q3) Make the case for or against the view that globalization is just another form of imperialism.
Q4) Since the mid-1970s, the Canadian government has reduced its spending on social programs like health care and education, decreased taxation on corporations, and instituted increased free trade with other nations.Which of the following policies is the Canadian government pursuing?
A)democratic globalization
B)neoliberal globalization
C)welfare state reform
D)capitalist enhancement
Q5) Define Barber's use of the terms jihad and McWorld.Give one example of each.
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Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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180 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the textbook, which of the following is likely to be the most important basis for stratification in Canada in the near future?
A)gender
B)education
C)race
D)ethnicity
Q2) Multiculturalism offers no political advantages to ethnic groups.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Science has developed much over the last century, so that is now relatively easy to distinguish races based on genetic differences.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Why does the textbook call race and ethnicity "labels"?
Q5) African Americans have, on average, the same IQ scores as European Americans. A)True
B)False
Q6) Compare the experiences of African Canadians and Asian Canadians.What can be learned by analyzing their experiences?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Sexualities and Gender Stratification
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195 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define pornification and give an example of it.
Q2) According to the textbook, which of the following is likely to describe a female lead character in a film or a TV show?
A)sexy, unemployed, and younger than her partner
B)intellectual, career-minded, and older than her partner
C)lesbian, unemployed, and older than her partner
D)heterosexual, career-minded, and younger than her partner
Q3) According to the textbook, which of the following theories can be viewed as expressions of male power and privilege?
A)sociobiology, social constructionism, and conflict theory
B)essentialism, Marxism, and feminism
C)evolutionary psychology, functionalism, and sociobiology
D)social constructionism, functionalism, and symbolic interactionism
Q4) When Carolina is interested in nurturing her baby dolls and playing with her Easy Bake oven, which of the following does she conform to?
A)gender role
B)sex
C)gender
D)gender identity
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Chapter 12: Sociology of the Body: Disability, Aging, and Death
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss some of the possible policy proposals to deal with the potential crisis in government support for the elderly.
Q2) Twenty-year-old Robert believes that all senior citizens are intellectually inferior.What is Robert guilty of?
A)age grading
B)attribution fallacy
C)ageism
D)reverse discrimination
Q3) What do we call the average age to which a group of individuals of the same age can anticipate to live?
A)the life course
B)life expectancy
C)the death course
D)death expectancy
Q4) Geraldine is 70 years old.What do sociologists call her age category?
A)the grey boomers
B)gerontolo-youths
C)the young-old
D)the old-old
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Chapter 13: Work and the Economy
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148 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Henry Ford was the originator of the deskilling thesis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to the textbook, which of the following is a major problem with the deskilling thesis?
A)It lacks an analysis of specific job categories.
B)It primarily occurs in "old economy" jobs.
C)It overlooks the bottom of the occupational hierarchy.
D)It focuses too much attention on the occupational structure as a whole.
Q3) What is the difference between the sociological and neoclassical schools of economics in terms of how markets operate?
Q4) Who developed the deskilling thesis?
A)John Lie
B)Shoshana Zuboff
C)Harry Braverman
D)David Gordon
Q5) Describe what the deskilling thesis is and outline the major criticisms of it.
Q6) Women and men are entering the labour force at a similar rate today.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Politics
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140 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Today, the vast majority of deaths from war occur in which of the following groups?
A)civilians
B)bomb squads
C)air force personnel
D)secretive "special ops" squads
Q2) According to the textbook, which of the following is an outcome of the ways that the Canadian state has structured its policies and laws?
A)regional divisions
B)class conflict
C)ethnic divisions
D)religious conflicts
Q3) When the populace recognizes the right of rulers to rule, what does power become?
A)influence
B)authority
C)social control
D)approval
Q4) In what ways are authority and legitimacy related?
Q5) What is the theory of postmaterialism? How well does it apply to Canada?
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Chapter 15: Families
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138 Verified Questions
138 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the textbook, how many North American women aged 40-44 have never given birth?
A)1 in 6
B)1 in 5
C)1 in 4
D)1 in 3
Q2) Which of the following is responsible for creating a family structure that is verticalized?
A)increasing divorce rates and declining marriage rates
B)increasing life expectancies and decreasing fertility rates
C)increasing remarriage rates and decreasing birth rates
D)increasing common-law relationships and increasing child-free couples
Q3) Compare and contrast marriage and cohabitation.
Q4) What did the 2011 census record in regard to same-sex couple households in Canada?
A)Same-sex couple households are predominantly female.
B)Same-sex couple households account for less than 1 percent of Canadian couple households.
C)The majority of same-sex couple households have children.
D)More than 30 percent of same-sex couple households involve legal marriage.
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Chapter 16: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Damien drinks a glass of red wine every night after he finishes his dinner.What would Durkheim consider his wine to be an example of?
A)a ritual
B)the profane
C)the sacred
D)a totem
Q2) Feminism's main critique of religion is that it is patriarchal.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Unitarian Church started out as a faith based on Christian theology; over time a group was formed called Universalist Unitarians, whose faith community grew to include more members with atheistic beliefs than with Christian beliefs.What term best identifies the distinction between the original group and the second group?
A)church-protest typology
B)church-sect typology
C)sect-equilibrium typology
D)agnostic-atheist typology
Q4) Describe the characteristics of sects.
Q5) What is the future of religion in Canada?
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Chapter 17: Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) A variety of social commentators have argued that in order to improve the success of socially disadvantaged students, society must focus on which of the following programs?
A)compensatory education and social programs for preschool children
B)special education programs that target school-aged children
C)remedial programs for adolescents who do not do well in school
D)after-school programs for school children that supplement in-class learning
Q2) Pierre Bourdieu coined the term "subjugated knowledge," referring to descriptions and explanations of events which have been selectively devalued or ignored by the dominant groups.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Rosalind is the star pupil in her biology class and has learned the curriculum so well that she has received an honours designation for her work.Which of the following terms best reflects her mastery of the principles of biology?
A)educational attainment
B)educational achievement
C)educational mastery
D)educational triumph
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Chapter 18: Mass Media and Mass Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is media convergence? Why is it taking place?
Q2) Which of the following made possible the coordination of time and the establishment of just six time zones across Canada?
A)the telegraph
B)the newspaper
C)the radio
D)the television
Q3) Which of the following best summarizes the way that black women have been portrayed in mainstream media?
A)Their portrayal has narrowed over time.
B)Their portrayal has remained the same over time.
C)Their portrayal has been consistently negative.
D)Their portrayal has been contested by alternative portrayals.
Q4) From a sociological perspective, what are some of the positive and negative aspects of the growing concentration of media ownership and their vertical and horizontal integration?
Q5) The invention of the cellphone predates the creation of the World Wide Web.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Health and Medicine
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Sample Questions
Q1) Renée is a registered nurse who is nearing retirement.She has seen a lot of changes to protocol in the hospital she has worked in, and she is unhappy about one particular change that has shifted the focus from overall hospital cleanliness.What was that change?
A)the introduction of antibiotics
B)the attitude of younger staff toward patient care
C)the focus on unnecessary surgeries
D)the number of superbugs that are resistant to pharmaceutical regimes
Q2) Which theory proposes that the effects of socioeconomic position, race, and gender are multiplicative rather than additive?
A)feminist theory
B)conflict theory
C)intersectionality theory
D)functionalist theory
Q3) Explain medicalization and utilize examples in your explanation.
Q4) According to the textbook, how is Canada's health care system generally viewed?
A)good for the rich; bad for the poor
B)a fool's paradise
C)a privatized system of care
D)socialized medicine
Page 21
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Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Janelle's great-great-grandmother Edith moved to the largest city in the world when she married George in 1900.Where did Edith and George locate to?
A)New York, United States
B)Tokyo, Japan
C)Paris, France
D)London, England
Q2) New urban sociologists believe city growth is a process rooted in power relations and profit motives.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which theory highlights the linkages between urban physical and social components, and identifies the features of urban growth?
A)zonal theory
B)inorganic differentiation theory
C)differential organization theory
D)human ecology theory
Q4) Outline the theory of human ecology as the Chicago school has applied this theory to urban settings.
Q5) Outline the four stages of demographic transition theory.
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Chapter 21: Collective Action and Social Movements
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sociologists call Gustave Le Bon's argument the contagion theory of crowd behaviour.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When a social movement emerges from the collective actions of a group, what must discontented people succeed in establishing?
A)equality for all group members
B)a reserve army of labour
C)an organizational base
D)charismatic leadership
Q3) Having a doctoral degree, a job as a professor, and a large savings account are all examples of which of the following?
A)social goods
B)social inducements
C)social goals
D)social rewards
Q4) What are social movements?
Q5) Compare and contrast absolute and relative deprivation.
Q6) Was the Vancouver riot of 1907 a social movement? Why or why not?
Page 23
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Chapter 22: Technology and the Global Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is suggested by the fact that environmental issues can be defined as problematic or benign?
A)They are contested phenomena.
B)They are social problems.
C)They are socially diverse.
D)They are complex phenomena.
Q2) Tristan is concerned with the number of fossil fuel-burning automobiles on the roads today.What is he worried about?
A)global warming
B)a decline in biodiversity
C)acid rain
D)genetic pollution
Q3) Which of the following was responsible for the manufacture of the first nuclear bomb?
A)the Manhattan Project
B)the Philadelphia Project
C)the Hiroshima Project
D)the ORDVAC Project
Q4) What does the textbook mean when it says that environmental issues are contested phenomena?
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