Social Implications of Genetics Test Preparation
Course Introduction
This course examines the profound social implications of advances in genetics, exploring how genetic knowledge shapes individual identity, family dynamics, and social structures. Students investigate topics such as genetic testing, gene editing, and the ethical issues surrounding privacy, discrimination, and informed consent. The course also addresses the impact of genetics on healthcare access, public policy, and cultural perceptions of heredity and disease, encouraging critical reflection on both the benefits and potential risks of emerging genetic technologies in society.
Recommended Textbook
Human Genetics and Society 2nd Edition by
Ronnee Yashon
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20 Chapters
995 Verified Questions
995 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Sex and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) the nonspecific gonad develops into this structure in human females
Answer: B
Q2) The process of sex selection
A) is only possible after the egg has been fertilized.
B) is only used to avoid having children with genetic disorders.
C) carries a small risk of miscarriage for the mother.
D) allows a couple to choose the sex of their child.
E) allows a couple to alter the sex of their unborn child.
Answer: D
Q3) implantation will occur here
Answer: D
Q4) Distinguish between chromosomal,gonadal,and phenotypic stages of sex development for a male.When does each occur and what is the key feature of each?
Answer: Chromosomal sex is determined at fertilization and depends on whether the zygote carries two X chromosomes or an X and a Y.At about the seventh or eighth week of pregnancy,the presence of the Y chromosome causes the nonspecific gonads to become testes.In the phenotypic stage,sometime before the 12th week,production of masculinizing hormones such as testosterone lead to the formation of male external genitals.
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Chapter 2: Assisted Reproductive Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Spermatids lack tails.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) What is the role of the uterus?
A) It produces eggs.
B) It serves as the birth canal.
C) It holds the embryo and the fetus during pregnancy.
D) It facilitates egg movement through the fallopian tubes.
E) It connects the fallopian tubes and the ovaries.
Answer: C
Q3) Spermatogenesis occurs in the
A) urethra.
B) seminiferous tubules.
C) epididymis.
D) seminal vesicles.
E) prostate gland.
Answer: B
Q4) sperm travel through this during sexual arousal
Answer: E
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Chapter 3: Changes in Chromosome Number
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify and describe two medical tests that can be used to detect chromosomal abnormalities in a fetus.What are advantages and disadvantages of each?
Answer: Answers can include amniocentesis,chorionic villus sampling,analysis of fetal cells isolated from the mother's blood,and/or analysis of free fetal DNA.Advantages and disadvantages should include information on time at which the procedure can be done,degree of invasiveness of procedure,risks associated with procedure,and amount of information obtained.
Q2) Turner syndrome involves monosomy of the Y chromosome.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Autosomal trisomies
A) usually do not cause any abnormalities.
B) cannot occur.
C) never lead to live births.
D) usually lead to miscarriages.
E) are usually due to chromosomal duplications.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: How Genes Are Transmitted From Generation to Generation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Today,clotting factor VIII used to treat people with hemophilia A is made using recombinant DNA technology.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which type of genetic condition is much more common in males than females?
A) X-linked recessive
B) dominant autosomal
C) recessive autosomal
D) mutations
E) aneuploidy
Q3) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
A)autosomal recessive
B)autosomal dominant
C)X-linked recessive
Q4) In the case of autosomal transmitted diseases,the numbers of affected males and females are roughly equal.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
Q5) Why do males show a higher incidence of certain genetic disorders than females?
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Chapter 5: Gene Expression and Gene Regulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) contains a region called the anticodon
Q2) Describe the roles of mRNA and tRNA in protein synthesis.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true about RNA polymerase?
A) RNA polymerase binds to promoter sequences in DNA to begin transcription.
B) RNA polymerase produces strands containing T bases.
C) RNA polymerase uses a RNA template to make DNA.
D) RNA polymerase stops making new DNA sequences when it encounters a termination sequence.
E) RNA polymerase uses the DNA template to make more DNA.
Q4) An anticodon is
A) located on miRNA.
B) a group of nucleotides in mRNA that encodes the information for a specific amino acid in a protein.
C) a group of nucleotides in a tRNA molecule.
D) a chemical link formed between amino acids.
E) the enzyme that carries out transcription.
Q5) Proteins have many functions within the cell.
A)True
B)False
Q6) these are different for different amino acids
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Changes in DNA: Mutations and Epigenetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Epigenetics involves changes in
A) the sequence of DNA.
B) the expression of genes.
C) the base pairing in the DNA helix.
D) DNA repair systems.
E) DNA replication.
Q2) unpaired electrons
A)genome
B)millirem
C)apoptosis
D)histones
E)free radical
F)imprinting
G)proofreading
H)mutation
I)methylation
J)frameshift
K)senescence
Q3) Why it is often difficult to diagnose fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)? What additional measures are usually taken before a diagnosis is made?
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Chapter 7: Biotechnology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Huntington disease (HD)transgenic mice
A) carry two copies of the human allele for HD.
B) have a single copy of the mouse HD gene.
C) are used to study changes in brain structure during the early stages of the disease.
D) are not useful for identifying possible drug treatments because the mice respond to drugs differently from humans.
E) are especially important for the study of the late stages of the disease.
Q2) As gene transfer technology becomes more sophisticated,novel combinations of traits may be developed,requiring specific management plans.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Currently,the benefits of transgenic crops include all of the following EXCEPT
A) resistance to insects.
B) production of human proteins in large quantities.
C) raising the increased nutritional value of crops.
D) resistance to viral or fungal diseases.
E) turning modification of weeds into crops.
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9
Chapter 8: Genetic Testing and Prenatal Diagnosis
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51 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) This type of testing is used to test unaffected members of a family with a history of a genetic disorder such as cystic fibrosis.
A) Presymptomatic testing
B) Prenatal diagnosis
C) Ultrasonography
D) Carrier testing
E) Amniocentesis.
Q2) A couple at risk of having a baby with a genetic disorder may have to choose between aminocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS)for genetic analysis of their fetus.One main advantage CVS has over amniocentesis is CVS
A) does not increase the risk of miscarriage.
B) can provide results much earlier in pregnancy.
C) can provide an actual image of the fetus.
D) provides more genetic information.
E) can be used prior to embryos being implanted in the mother.
Q3) Currently,some genetic conditions can be treated,but none can be cured.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare and contrast amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS).
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Chapter 9: DNA Forensics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The use of scientific knowledge in civil and criminal law is
A) forensics.
B) recombinant DNA technology.
C) reproductive technology.
D) the human genome project.
E) DNA profiling.
Q2) Kary Mullis,the inventor of PCR,owns the patent for the invention.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)uses ____ to amplify a particular stretch of DNA.
A) DNA polymerase
B) RNA polymerase
C) restriction enzymes
D) ribosomes
E) repeated sequences
Q4) DNA profiles can be prepared from very small DNA samples.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Genomics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The frequency of crossing over between two genes is dependent on the A) size of each gene.
B) distance between the genes.
C) number of mutations in each gene causing disease.
D) genetic information coded in the genes.
E) number of alleles of each gene.
Q2) Linkage
A)Technique used to determine the location of a gene
B)Particular genes are often inherited jointly
C)Provides clues to the location of genes
D)A collection of DNA sequences that represents all regions of the genome
E)DNA sequences that are useful for identifying the positions of genes
F)Repetitive DNA with the ability to replicate and move around the genome
G)Map units of linkage maps
H)Repetitive sequences that are thought to have played an important role in human evolution
I)Genetic exchange between chromosomes
J)Repetitive sequences comprising about 17% of the genome
Q3) What is gene therapy? Describe how gene therapy can be used to correct genetic disorders.
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Chapter 11: Inheritance of Complex Traits
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Sample Questions
Q1) Even though there are only two phenotypes for cleft palate (affected or unaffected),scientists know that cleft palate is a multifactorial trait.Explain how this can be.
Q2) If monozygotic twins demonstrate very high concordance for a trait whether they are raised together or apart,what does this suggest about the heritability of this trait? Explain your answer.
Q3) Height does not follow a bell-shaped curve population distribution.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following statements about obesity is true?
A) Obesity is a complex disorder involving the interaction of many genes and the environment.
B) All humans suffering from obesity respond to leptin treatment.
C) The gene for the weight-controlling hormone is called LEP.
D) The ob mice lack receptors on their brain cells.
E) All of the genes associated with obesity are found on the same chromosome.
Q5) There are four basic types of spina bifida.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Cancer and the Cell Cycle
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does a mutation in the RAS gene lead to uncontrolled cellular division?
A) The RAS protein can no longer act as a tumor suppressor.
B) The RAS protein becomes stuck in the "on" position.
C) The RAS protein gets stuck in the plasma membrane.
D) The RAS protein becomes stuck in the "off" position.
E) The RAS protein can no longer act to repair DNA damage.
Q2) Gardasil
A)Translocation
B)Breast cancer
C)Oncogene
D)Skin cancer
E)Tumor suppressor gene
F)Cervical cancer
G)Lung cancer
Q3) Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer cells?
A) They have a single small nucleus.
B) They have a small amount of cytoplasm.
C) They have multiple nuclei.
D) They have a coarse chromatin.
E) They have large and multiple nucleoli.
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Chapter 13: Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dizygotic twins
A) have identical genetic sequences.
B) share about half of their genes.
C) must be the same sex.
D) exhibit genetic differences from each other caused by environmental influences after fertilization.
E) always show higher concordance values than do identical twins.
Q2) MAOA deficiency
A)A mutated form of the gene causes serotonin not to break down
B)Cell loss in the brain
C)An area in the chromosome is prone to breakage
D)Some are more aggressive, taller males
E)Lithium treatment
Q3) Which of the following human traits has the lowest concordance rate in identical twins?
A) eye color
B) blood type
C) diabetes
D) schizophrenia
E) alcoholism in males
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Chapter 14: Immunogenetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss how vaccinations work.
Q2) What roles do T helper cells and B cells play in our immune response?
Q3) Describe the problems that arise from (a)maternal Rh incompatibility and (b)ABO blood type incompatibility?
Q4) Which of the following is correct about whether a person with type O blood can receive a transfusion of type A blood?
A) Yes, type A individuals are universal donors.
B) No, type A individuals can donate only to another type A individual.
C) No, since type O individuals will produce antibodies against the A and B markers, the type A blood will be rejected.
D) Yes, type O individuals are universal recipients.
E) Yes, but only if the blood is Rh+.
Q5) During a second pregnancy,when is the Rh factor a problem?
A) When the mother is Rh- and the fetus is Rh+.
B) When the mother is Rh+ and the fetus is Rh-.
C) When the mother is Rh- and the fetus is Rh-.
D) When the mother is Rh+ and the fetus is Rh+.
E) When the mother and father are both Rh-.
Q6) Discuss the importance of the HLA complex genes in successful organ transplants.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Genetics and Populations
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person heterozygous for the cystic fibrosis allele may be more resistant to contracting
A) typhoid fever.
B) malaria.
C) an HIV infection.
D) Huntington disease.
E) Tay-Sachs.
Q2) Carrier frequency
A)Used to estimate carrier frequency
B)Lung health problems
C)Percentage of heterozygotes
D)Often provides resistance to some infectious disease
E)Triplet repeats
F)Transmitted by mosquitoes
G)Red blood cells are altered
H)Artificial selection
I)Disclosure of evidence
Q3) The carrier frequency can be estimated mathematically.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Human Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Our closest living relatives are
A) chimpanzees.
B) gorillas.
C) lemurs.
D) Neanderthals.
E) Homo erectus.
Q2) Fossil evidence indicates that Australopithecus existed before Ardipithecus.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The genomes of Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis are less similar than the genomes of Homo sapiens and chimpanzees.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are characteristics shared by all primates?
Q5) Modern humans have never existed with other species of Homo.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe how Y chromosome and mitochondrial SNP haplotypes can be used to trace ancient human migrations.
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Chapter 17: A Different World: The Past, Present, and Future
of Human Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tamoxifen
A)Animal model for deafness
B)Breast cancer genes
C)Fitter family contests
D)Anti-cancer drug
E)Cloned dog
F)Mutant myostatin gene
G)Forced sterilization
H)Removal of breast tissue
I)Nuclear transfer
Q2) BRCAnalysis®
A)Animal model for deafness
B)Breast cancer genes
C)Fitter family contests
D)Anti-cancer drug
E)Cloned dog
F)Mutant myostatin gene
G)Forced sterilization
H)Removal of breast tissue
I)Nuclear transfer
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Chapter 18: Biology Basics 1-Cells and Cell Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) A fertilized egg is called a(n)
A) nucleus.
B) germ cell.
C) organelle.
D) zygote.
E) sperm.
Q2) The Golgi apparatus is responsible for energy production within the cell.
A)True
B)False
Q3) lysosome
Q4) The HLA markers are present in the cytoplasm of the cell.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which part of the cell contains chromatin?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) cytoplasm
C) plasma membrane
D) lysosomes
E) nucleus
Q6) plasma membrane
Page 20
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Chapter 18: Biology Basics 2-DNA and RNA
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Sample Questions
Q1) How can UV light exposure cause DNA mutations?
A) The UV light disrupts normal base pairing of the DNA at the site of the damage.
B) The UV light disrupts the DNA repair systems in the cell.
C) The UV light changes the DNA polymerase so it makes more mistakes.
D) The UV light causes breaks in the DNA strands.
E) The UV light separates the two strands of the double helix.
Q2) The DNA model proposed by Watson and Crick offered a molecular explanation for mutation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) People with Xeroderma Pigmentosum are extremely resistant to DNA damage caused by UV light.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Nucleotides are made of four components.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Biology Basics 3-Genes, Populations, and the Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____ is a drug prescribed in the treatment of estrogen-sensitive breast cancers.
A) Endoxifen
B) Phenylthiocarbamide
C) Tamoxifen
D) Polyvinyl chloride
E) 5-HTT
Q2) All of the following have been associated with viral infections EXCEPT
A) liver cancer.
B) cervical cancer.
C) Kaposi sarcoma
D) skin cancer.
E) Burkitt's lymphoma.
Q3) There appears to be a relationship between the genetics of PTC tasting,taste preferences,and diet in some people.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The 5-HTT gene complex proteins may determine who will develop an autoimmune disease.
A)True
B)False
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