Course Introduction
Social Cognition Test Bank
Social Cognition explores how people perceive, interpret, and respond to the social world around them. This course examines the mental processes underlying social interactions, including how we form impressions of others, attribute causes to behavior, and develop attitudes and stereotypes. Topics include social perception, attribution theory, emotion recognition, the influence of social context on cognition, and how biases and heuristics shape our understanding of social information. Through empirical research and theoretical frameworks, students will gain insights into the complexities of human thought and behavior in social settings.
Recommended Textbook
Applied Social Psychology 3rd Edition by Jamie A. Gruman
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17 Chapters
989 Verified Questions
989 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Defining the Field of Applied Social Psychology
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66 Verified Questions
66 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Applied social psychology is defined as ______ of social psychology.
A) an unrelated offshoot
B) the parent discipline
C) the discipline that preceded the growth
D) a branch
Answer: D
Q2) According to Kenrick and Funder (1988),personal characteristics are thought to exert a greater effect on behavior in which of the following situations?
A) "weak" situations
B) "strong" situations
C) "moderate" situations
D) "unfamiliar" situations
Answer: A
Q3) The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency for individuals to focus on situational factors in explaining other people's behavior and to underestimate the influence of individual factors.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Social Psychological Theory
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behavior,behavioral intention refers to
A) what a person thinks will be the likely outcome of a behavior
B) a person's attitude toward a certain behavior and subjective norms
C) whether or not someone intends to engage in a certain behavior
D) attitude strength
Answer: C
Q2) ______ is the process of moving from the specific to the general.
A) Deduction
B) Reasoning
C) Induction
D) Theory development
Answer: C
Q3) The scientific process involves a continuing cycle of observation,theory development,deduction of hypotheses,and hypothesis testing.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Research Methods in Applied Social Psychology
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ethnographic research focuses on
A) gathering detailed stories and then restorying them (e.g., to produce a biography)
B) gathering stories to find out what they have in common
C) formulating a theory of people's actions, interactions, and social processes
D) describing and interpreting shared values, beliefs, behaviors, and language
Answer: D
Q2) Narrative research focuses on
A) gathering detailed stories and then restorying them (e.g., to produce a biography)
B) gathering stories to find out what experiences people have in common
C) formulating a theory of people's actions, interactions, and social processes
D) describing and interpreting shared values, beliefs, behaviors, and language
Answer: A
Q3) The difference between a true experiment and a quasi-experiment is that in a quasi-experiment,participants are assigned at random to different conditions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Intervention and Evaluation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Social psychology can contribute to both the development of policy and the development of interventions.Differentiate between the two.
Q2) Research has highlighted that incorporating theory in the design of interventions is both valuable and beneficial.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The "Intervention and Evaluation" chapter discusses the fact that many social and practical problems are complex and have multiple interdependencies.These interdependencies suggest that in order to be effective in addressing complex problems,interventions designed to address them should be
A) simple, so they can be effectively implemented
B) simple, so they can be properly evaluated
C) simple, so they can be understood by stakeholders
D) correspondingly complex
Q4) List three possible reasons why some interventions may prove to be ineffective.
Q5) Name the two broad types of interventions,and distinguish between them.
Q6) The process of designing and implementing an intervention follows four steps.Name and describe these four steps.
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Chapter 5: Applying Social Psychology to Clinical and Counseling Psychology
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51 Verified Questions
51 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define the psychological disorder referred to as loneliness,and describe the two main types outlined in the text.
Q2) The term hopelessness depression refers to a unique type of depression.Describe how this differs from clinical depression by outlining the main symptoms.
Q3) Helplessness,otherwise referred to as negative outcome expectancy describes pessimistic attributions in which people who are prone to depression believe that they cannot do or say anything to change their unfortunate circumstances.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the "Focus on Research" in the clinical chapter,research by Rosenhan (1973)was presented in which people were admitted to psychiatric wards.This research demonstrated that
A) false negatives can interfere with treatment and improvement
B) false positives are extremely rare occurrences
C) false negatives usually occur in clinical settings and hospitals
D) false positives can bias the way people are viewed and treated
Q5) The anchoring effect and confirmation bias are two types of bias experienced by clinicians.Describe both in detail.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Applying Social Psychology to Sports Teams
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Sample Questions
Q1) The text discusses four main characteristics of cohesion.Name all four,and describe two in detail.
Q2) ______ focus on achieving success based on self-comparison.
A) Outcome goals
B) Process goals
C) Performance goals
D) Comparison goals
Q3) In the example provided by Eccles and Tenenbaum (2007),they suggest two strategies for optimizing communication among teams.These include
A) developing a shared language and cross-training
B) cross-training and increased communication
C) developing a shared language and silent training sessions
D) silent training sessions and cross-training
Q4) According to the textbook,the most significant of the topics examined in sports teams include ______.
A) team cohesion
B) groupthink
C) team success
D) team satisfaction
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Chapter 7: Applying Social Psychology to the Media
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57 Verified Questions
57 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is most accurate?
A) Media coverage can only enhance the preexisting beliefs that people have about an issue.
B) Media can only affect the public's level of concern about an issue to the extent that the issue is truly a social or practical problem.
C) Media coverage can't affect people's perceptions of most social issues.
D) Media coverage of an issue can result in the public becoming more concerned about an issue even when objective indicators suggest the problem is declining.
Q2) As discussed in the media chapter,during the mid- to late 1980s,what relationship existed between media coverage of drugs and the public's concerns about the drug problem in the U.S.?
A) Media coverage of the drug problem paralleled the public's concern.
B) Media coverage of the drug problem preceded the public's concern.
C) Media coverage of drugs followed the public's growing concern.
D) The media failed to identify the public's growing concern about drugs.
Q3) The text describes two main types of frames.Describe both in detail.
Q4) The authors of Chapter 7 distinguish between three types of agendas.Name and describe them.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Applying Social Psychology to Health
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research on the effectiveness of interventions based on the health belief model suggests that
A) there is support for the model, or at least some if its components
B) there is no support for the model
C) there is some support for the model but not as much as for most other health-related models
D) the model needs to be further elaborated before its effectiveness can be determined
Q2) Which is true with respect to the transtheoretical model?
A) It is also known as the steps-in-health-attainment model.
B) Maintenance refers to the period immediately after the individual first shows the desired behavior change.
C) Heath interventions usually are most effective when directed toward people in the preparation stage.
D) Relapse always occurs in the first stage of the model.
Q3) Describe the transtheoretical model of behavior change,and briefly describe each stage.
Q4) Describe the health belief model,and list its components.
Q5) Differentiate between health promotion and health prevention.
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Chapter 9: Applying Social Psychology to Education
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59 Verified Questions
59 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to ______ theory,we infer our own attitudes and beliefs based on observing our own actions.
A) self-perception
B) self-handicapping
C) social comparison
D) social learning
Q2) According to the achievement goal theory,students may pursue two types of goals: approach goals and avoidance goals.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The theory that concerns the degree to which individuals see themselves as being autonomous and having choice in actions and behaviors is called ______.
A) self-determination theory
B) self-perception theory
C) self-handicapping theory
D) self-serving strategies theory
Q4) Distinguish between bullying and cyberbullying,and list three negative effects of bullying.
Q5) Describe Festinger's social comparison theory.
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Chapter 10: Applying Social Psychology to Organizations
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ______ consist of attitudes,cognitions,and perceptions that may distort information exchange.
A) Interference mechanisms
B) Communication channels
C) Conceptual filters
D) Nonverbal behaviors
Q2) According to ______ theory,group polarization occurs when most of the arguments the group members hear favor one position over another.
A) groupthink
B) informational influence
C) normative influence
D) persuasive arguments
Q3) The interpretative symbolic perspective has its roots in the theory of ______,which states that reality is constructed by means of consensual validation achieved through social interaction.
A) social constructionism
B) social communication
C) symbolic interactionism
D) social interactionism
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Applying Social Psychology to the Criminal Justice System
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The authors of Chapter 11 ("Criminal Justice System")
A) argue for the social psychological perspective on the origins of criminality
B) argue behaviorism has advantages over the biological perspective
C) use the concept of strain as an example of a biological explanation of the causes of criminal behavior
D) note that social psychological explanations of criminal behavior focus on the role of dispositional factors as well as situational factors
Q2) The chapter on applying social psychology to the criminal justice system described that rather than focusing exclusively on the personal characteristics of the individual offender,other environmental or situational factors may be at work.Describe two situational factors that may be considered determinants of criminal activity.
Q3) Forensic confirmation bias occurs when a prior expectation about the guilt (or innocence)of a suspect influences a witness's judgments and perceptions toward new evidence in a confirmatory manner.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Differentiate between biological,sociological,and social psychological theories of criminal behavior.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Applying Social Psychology to the Community
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reich (2010)studied the effects that social networking sites had on adolescents' online sense of community.Her results demonstrated which of the following?
A) The online environment created the same sense of community as is found in nonvirtual environments.
B) It was difficult to establish the boundaries of the community online.
C) Compared with nonvirtual environments, participants felt a stronger sense that the online networking community had influence over them.
D) The online environment created a stronger overall sense of community than nonvirtual environments.
Q2) Community psychologists endorse particular values and approaches.Describe three of them in detail.
Q3) Community psychologists mainly utilize quantitative research strategies so as to conduct quick thorough research.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe community-based action research,and outline one challenge associated with this approach.
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14
Chapter 13: Applying Social Psychology to the Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the "Focus on Research" in Chapter 13 ("Environment"),the author reports the results of a research project by Hine and Gifford (1997)that examined the factors people consider when deciding how to use a limited resource (i.e.,fish).The researchers identified three action strategies that fell into the category of
A) the nature and characteristics of the resource
B) concurrent influences of other environmental variables
C) social conditions or rules surrounding the harvesting
D) characteristics of the people doing the harvesting
Q2) Tom is an architect who pays much attention to how people will actually use the spaces he creates and incorporates this information into his designs.Unlike some architects,Tom clearly engages in ______.
A) socio-integrative design
B) supportive design
C) habitability scaping
D) placemaking
Q3) Describe,in detail,the following two social dilemmas: public goods problems and social traps.
Q4) Explain what is meant by matching,and differentiate between alpha matching and beta matching.
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Chapter 14: Applying Social Psychology to Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Differentiate between the concepts of the undeserving poor and the deserving poor.
Q2) The text outlines a total of 10 values associated with Schwartz's values framework.List these values.
Q3) Stereotype threat refers to the fear or nervousness that results when individuals of an out-group use a negative stereotype about your in-group against you.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which is NOT true?
A) People who believe that hard work pays off would likely score high on a measure for reward for application.
B) People who believe that hard work pays off would likely score low on a measure for reward for application.
C) Reward for application is low in countries such as Canada and the United States.
D) Reward for application reflects a belief that if one gets the information one needs and then plans carefully, positive results will follow.
Q5) Describe two forms of conflict management.
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16
Chapter 15: Applying Social Psychology to Personal Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is NOT true of Manning's (2014)study about online dating?
A) He found that participants wanted to find a romantic partner who had a mixture of both positive and negative characteristics.
B) Manning concluded that including certain information in an online ad (such as a desire for an attractive or financially stable partner) is off limits because it makes the writer appear desperate or as though he or she doesn't know how to "play the [dating] game."
C) The results of this study suggest that looking for a romantic partner online may be similar to other forms of online "shopping."
D) Manning found that many pertinent sought-after characteristics were not specifically stated in the online ads.
Q2) The proximity effect refers to the tendency for physical and psychological nearness to increase interpersonal liking.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Identify three factors that influence relationship formation and satisfaction.
Q4) Explain the role of proximity and familiarity in establishing relationships.
Q5) Explain what is meant by infantile separation distress.
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Chapter 16: Applying Social Psychology to the Classroom
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research on self-handicapping suggests that
A) students who tend to engage in self-handicapping also tend to have lower grade point averages
B) engaging in self-handicapping helps to create positive impressions in others but only in the short term
C) women (but not men) tend to self-handicap through strategies that will actually hamper their performance
D) only men tend to claim excuses ahead of time
Q2) Siegel,Scillitoe,and Parks-Yancy (2005)found that students who engaged in a high self-affirming task (writing about values important to them)were
A) more likely to engage in self-handicapping on a subsequent test than students who engaged in a low self-affirming task (writing about an unimportant value)
B) less likely to engage in self-handicapping on a subsequent test than students who engaged in a low self-affirming task (writing about an unimportant value)
C) more likely to think about the importance of school and academic achievement
D) less likely to engage in self-serving bias
Q3) Define belief perseverance.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Applying Social Psychology to the Good Life: Balancing
Optimism and Pessimism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is true with regard to the optimism-pessimism self-assessment inventory in Chapter 17 ("Applying Social Psychology to the Good Life")?
A) Moderate optimism is signified by a score in the 50-75 range.
B) The inventory is inclusive in terms of the domains that are covered.
C) Some degree of measurement validity was established in its development.
D) Respondents can learn if their profile is a mixed one or not.
Q2) Defensive pessimism
A) is a cognitive strategy that always results in worse performance compared with optimism
B) is a cognitive strategy involving thinking optimistically in easy situations and pessimistically in difficult situations
C) is a cognitive strategy that can result in better performance compared with optimism
D) involves setting high expectations so as to have an excuse for failure
Q3) Differentiate between optimistic explanatory style and pessimistic explanatory style.
Q4) Differentiate between internal and external attributions.
Q5) Describe the learned optimism theory by Seligman (2011).
Q6) Describe what is meant by defensive pessimism.
Page 19
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