Social Cognition
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Social Cognition explores how people perceive, interpret, and respond to the social world around them. This course delves into the mental processes underlying social interactions, including how we form impressions of others, attribute causes to behavior, develop attitudes, and are influenced by social context and cultural norms. Topics include schemas and heuristics, stereotypes and prejudice, emotion recognition, theory of mind, and the role of social cognition in relationships and group dynamics. Students will gain an understanding of classic theories and current research, as well as applications to everyday life and psychopathology.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology 9th Edition by Elliot Aronson
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16 Chapters
2963 Verified Questions
2963 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introducing Social Psychology
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are examples of social influence EXCEPT
A) a bully intimidates another child on the school yard.
B) a child refrains from stealing ten dollars from his mother's purse when he imagines her anger at him.
C) you cover your nose when you sneeze because you don't want to spread germs.
D) you perceive the bathwater as hot when you first get in, but don't notice the heat ten minutes later.
Answer: D
Q2) To understand humans, one needs only to know about environmental rewards and punishments.This statement would most likely be endorsed by a strict
A) behaviorist.
B) Gestaltist.
C) environmental psychologist.
D) social psychologist.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research
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251 Verified Questions
251 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the authors of your text, the ultimate test of an experiment's external validity is
A) generalizability.
B) p-value.
C) replications.
D) random selection.
Answer: C
Q2) Knowing the experiment's purpose can alter participants' behavior.This is a major problem with
A) debriefing.
B) informed consent.
C) archival research.
D) basic research.
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following is least relevant to the experimental method?
A) internal validity
B) random assignment
C) independent variable
D) random selection
Answer: D
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World
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235 Verified Questions
235 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Watson, the computer, won his game of Jeopardy! against two very skilled opponents.However, he would not do very well at
A) checkers.
B) chess.
C) poker.
D) trivia games.
Answer: C
Q2) When the psychologist asks, "Tell me the first thing that comes to mind," he/she is asking for the most _______ schema.
A) functional
B) accessible
C) colorful
D) fulfilled
Answer: B
Q3) In the 1977 study regarding Donald using priming, the independent variable was A) word types participants learned.
B) impressions of Donald.
C) teacher's expectations of students.
D) bloomers' IQs.
Answer: A
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Social Perception: How We Come to Understand
Other People
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204 Verified Questions
204 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All we can see is other people's appearance and behavior, but we are most interested in trying to infer from this
A) why people behave the way they do.
B) when people will change their behavior.
C) whether people are happy or unhappy.
D) what people will do when they are alone.
Q2) According to the authors of your text, people in Eastern cultures more closely resemble ________ and people in Western cultures resemble ________.
A) personality psychologists; social psychologists
B) personality psychologists; detectives
C) naïve scientists; social psychologists
D) social psychologists; personality psychologists
Q3) The "hand purse" gesture means "good" or "slow down" in some cultures.In American culture, it doesn't have a clear meaning; therefore, it is a(n)
A) display rule.
B) decoded display.
C) encoded display.
D) emblem.
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Chapter 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context
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190 Verified Questions
190 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to studies discussed in the text, one consequence of analyzing or generating reasons for their attitudes is that people will
A) change their attitudes to bring them in line with the reasons.
B) change their list of reasons to bring them in line with their attitudes.
C) become self-aware and hold less positive attitudes.
D) alter their behaviors to correspond to their original attitudes.
Q2) Jenny is trying to decide how she feels about Garth, so she sits down and lists the reasons why she feels the way she does.By doing this, Jenny runs the risk of incurring a
A) feelings-generated attitude change.
B) reasons-generated attitude change.
C) misattribution of arousal.
D) broken heart.
Q3) When asked to finish a sentence beginning "I am...," respondents from Asian countries are more likely to mention ________, because they grew up in a(n) ________ culture.
A) group membership; interdependent
B) extraverted; independent
C) actual self; authoritarian
D) introverted; less oppressive
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits
of Dissonance Reduction
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197 Verified Questions
197 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the authors of your text, when the Bush administration received evidence that there were no weapons of mass destruction in Iraq-but after they had already invested troops and money in the war-the administration engaged in
A)a conspiracy to hide the truth from the media.
B)self-justification to make the war a reasonable course of action.
C)an increase in the amount of stereotypes about patriots.
D)the political scandal of the twenty-first century.
Q2) Because they provide the potential offender ________, threats of harsh punishment seldom produce positive attitude change.
A) ample external justification for restraint
B) an excuse for psychological reactance
C) sufficient internal justification for restraint
D) an internal attribution for restraint
Q3) When someone dehumanizes a victim and successfully reduces dissonance in this way, this is likely to lead to
A)a continuation or escalation of cruelty.
B)a reduction of cruelty.
C)a total cessation of cruelty.
D)effort justification in the form of hate groups.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing
Thoughts and Feelings
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265 Verified Questions
265 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Next week, you're going to give a lecture to the psychology club about the Yale Attitude Change approach to persuasion.What will be your three main topics?
A) the source; the nature of the communication; the nature of the audience
B) the source; the need for cognition; the implicit attitudes of the audience
C) the source; the nature of the communication; the route of processing (central/peripheral)
D) the personality of the audience; the nature of the message; the social status of the speaker
Q2) At the new-car dealership, Josh asks the salesperson a number of questions: "How good is the gas mileage on this model? What does Consumer Reports say about this make and model? Does this car hold its resale value?" The ________ component of Josh's attitude toward the car is most likely to inform his questions.
A) affective
B) cognitive
C) dissonant
D) behavioral
Q3) How can cognitive dissonance create attitude change? Why isn't it used on mass scales in advertising?
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Chapter 8: Conformity: Influencing Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the authors of your text, the actions of Adolf Eichmann, the Nazi official responsible for transporting Jews to death camps, can best be described as
A) a madman in a mad world.
B) an ordinary man in an extraordinary circumstance.
C) a simple bureaucrat easily manipulated by false promises.
D) Hitler's "fall guy."
Q2) Khadija has conformed to others' behaviors or attitudes because she believes that their interpretations of an ambiguous situation are more accurate than hers.________ has occurred.
A) Educated conformity
B) Normative social influence
C) Unintended social influence
D) Informational social influence
Q3) Describe a situation when you were the "odd man out." That is, you were the nonconformist.Did your experience resemble the Johnny Rocco study results? If so, how? If not, why not? Be sure to use vocabulary from the chapter and be specific.
Q4) Give examples from your life of the two types of social norms.Be sure to include a definition of each.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are the leader of a labor union on strike against management.The conflict has escalated, and there is anger and mistrust on both sides of the conflict.Management is about to declare bankruptcy and union strike benefits are running low.You want to resolve the conflict as quickly as possible and reach an agreement that both sides will accept as binding.What should you do?
A) Hire a mediator.
B) Use a tit-for-tat strategy.
C) Accept a process loss.
D) Push for a quid pro quo solution.
Q2) Complete the following.________: riskier decisions :: group polarization: ________.
A) Risky shift; riskier or more conservative, depending on the group
B) Deindividuation; riskier
C) Evaluation apprehension; always less risky
D) Risky shift; less risky
Q3) In social groups, interdependence is reflected in
A) working toward a common goal.
B) finding alternatives to conflict.
C) influencing and being influenced.
D) communicating with one another.
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Chapter 10: Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships
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198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your roommate has come to you asking for your advice with her romantic partner.Based on the research by Rusbult (1987) regarding behavior in a troubled relationship.What would you recommend if she wants her relationship to persist?
Q2) Which has the better success rate-dating facilitated by a Web site or being set up by family or friends?
A) Web site
B) set up by friends or family
C) The success rates are very similar.
D) Neither.It's best to meet someone at a bar.
Q3) According to research conducted by Akert (1998), someone ________ would suffer the most after the dissolution of his or her romantic relationship.
A) who was dumped
B) who dumped his or her partner
C) for whom the decision was mutual
D) who tried to "stay friends"
Q4) According to researchers, how is companionate love different from passionate love?
Q5) Compare and contrast social exchange theory and operant conditioning.
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Chapter 11: Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help
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Sample Questions
Q1) The text discusses a cultural value, simpatía, prominent in Spanish-speaking countries.Although simpatía has no direct English translation, it generally refers to
A) being sympathetic.
B) being friendly, polite, and helpful.
C) acting in a paternalistic fashion.
D) being similar in temperament to others around you.
Q2) ________ refers to the desire to help another person, even if such help involves cost to the helper.
A) Prosocial behavior
B) Altruism
C) Empathy
D) Reciprocity
Q3) Which of the following statements is most closely related to the empathy-altruism hypothesis (Batson, 1991)?
A) "You scratch my back, and I'll scratch yours."
B) "Before you accuse me, take a look at yourself."
C) "Walk a mile in my shoes."
D) "I'll gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today."
Q4) Do men and women differ in their tendency to help? If so, how?
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Chapter 12: Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can
We Prevent It
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199 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following parent-child interactions is most likely to reduce the child's aggressive behavior?
A) Molly's father says, "I'll spank you if you hit your baby brother again!"
B) Jimmy's mother says, "If you pinch your sister again, you will get a five-minute time-out in the corner."
C) Sadie's mother says, "If I get another call from the teacher about you bullying the other kids, you will lose all TV privileges for the next month!"
D) Tommy's father says, "I'll kick you if you kick the dog again!"
Q2) You woke up late and are far behind at work.When you reach the end of your rope, you treat your secretary with hostility and disrespect.This mistreatment causes you to experience dissonance, which you are most likely to reduce by
A) apologizing to the secretary and bringing him back flowers from your lunch break.
B) thinking about all the irresponsible or inept things he's ever done.
C) revising your self-concept, resigning yourself to acting capriciously mean.
D) engaging in self-verification by "confessing" your bad behavior to a colleague.
Q3) Explain the nature of the gender differences in aggression in humans.
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Chapter 13: Prejudice: Causes Consequences and Cures
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168 Verified Questions
168 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Consider how realistic conflict theory has played a role in how Chinese immigrants were seen in the U.S.When they were competing with white miners during the gold rush, they were seen ________, but when they were helping construct the transcontinental railroad, they were seen ________.
A) favorably; unfavorably
B) neutrally; unfavorably
C) unfavorably; favorably
D) favorably; neutrally
Q2) When prejudiced people say, "They all look alike to me," they are illustrating the
A) out-group homogeneity bias.
B) in-group bias.
C) illusory correlation.
D) fundamental attribution error.
Q3) Prejudice may be maintained by ________ normative rules.
A) the rejection of
B) conformity to
C) the avoidance of
D) ignorance of
Q4) What is stereotype threat, why does it arise, and what are the consequences?
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Chapter 14: Making a Difference With Social Psychology: Attaining a Sustainable Future
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Sample Questions
Q1) In an effort to encourage students to reduce the amount of water being used at the university gym, administrators put up a sign asking students to take shorter showers.However, water consumption did not decrease sufficiently, and some students even retaliated by taking long showers.Why did the sign fail to reduce water usage?
A) Students didn't see it.
B) Students didn't read it properly.
C) It did not involve any psychological processes that successfully change behavior.
D) It did not create the feeling of a social dilemma.
Q2) Describe the three controllable things in a person's life that can lead to greater happiness and explain why these things lead to greater happiness.
Q3) Under which of the following circumstances would descriptive norms work the best to reduce littering?
A) A sign points to the nearest trash can.
B) Most people in the area are picking up their trash.
C) Everyone is cooperating to clean up after a party.
D) A billboard with a celebrity on it reminds people not to litter.
Q4) What is the role of money in determining how happy a person will be?
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Chapter 15: Social Psychology and Health
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92 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) People with a strong external locus of control are best described as believing that
A) their fate is a matter of happenstance.
B) they can control their fate.
C) they can control other people very easily.
D) controlling others is important for success.
Q2) Research summarized in your textbook (Sastry & Ross, 1998) finds that members of ________ cultures show less of a relationship between perceived control and psychological distress because of the ________.
A) Western; culture of honor
B) Western; importance of individual achievement
C) Asian; emphasis on collectivist values
D) Asian; samurai warrior tradition
Q3) Gina believes that if she eats well, exercises regularly, and learns all she can by reading and talking to experts, she can prevent her breast cancer from returning.Gina has
A) an internal locus of control.
B) a sense of perceived control.
C) high self-esteem.
D) a high degree of neuroticism.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Social Psychology and the Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) A defense attorney is choosing jurors.In order to help your client avoid a severe charge, what sort of jury would you select?
A) twelve people who all feel exactly the same way, very little diversity
B) equal numbers of males and females
C) It doesn't matter; the system guarantees a fair trial.
D) at least a couple of jurors who may hold a minority opinion on the case
Q2) Which of the following is an error in eyewitness testimony that occurs in the storage phase of memory?
A) the own-race bias
B) the best-guess phenomenon
C) source monitoring errors
D) focus on weapons
Q3) The own-race bias refers to the finding that
A) jurors are unlikely to convict a member of their own race.
B) people are better at recognizing faces from members of their own race.
C) crime rates are lower in neighborhoods in which same-race police patrol.
D) lawyers are more successful in defending people of their own race.
Q4) Describe why false confessions occur.If you knew that someone who was innocent was going to be questioned, what advice would you provide?
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