Social Cognition Mock
Exam
Course Introduction
Social Cognition explores the mental processes involved in perceiving, interpreting, and responding to the social world. This course examines how people form impressions, make judgments about others, and interpret the intentions and behaviors of individuals and groups. Topics include attribution theory, stereotyping and prejudice, social categorization, the role of emotion in social understanding, and the influence of culture on social perception. Through theoretical frameworks, empirical research, and real-life examples, students will develop a deeper understanding of how cognitive processes shape social interactions and relationships.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology 5th Edition by Tom Gilovich
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Invitation to Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Maisie,a junior in high school,is studying for her SAT exam.Although she is tired after a long day of school,she sits down with her study guide and slowly works through five new math problems.Maisie is likely employing
A) controlled processing.
B) automatic processing.
C) an independent mind-set.
D) an interdependent mind-set.
Answer: A
Q2) Research on ________ suggests it is ________ for people to assume that dispositions are the underlying causes of most behaviors.
A) the fundamental attribution error; common
B) the fundamental attribution error; uncommon
C) channel factors; common
D) channel factors; uncommon
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: The Methods of Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) In an experiment,the control condition
A) does not include an independent variable.
B) is run before the experimental condition.
C) is compared with the experimental condition.
D) does not include a dependent variable.
Answer: C
Q2) Social psychologists often run pilot studies that are very similar to actual experiments that they intend to run later but that differ in that participants are used as consultants to check that the experiment instructions are understandable,that the scenarios are believable,and so forth.Running a pilot study such as this particularly helps to increase the ________ of an experiment.
A) external validity
B) internal validity
C) measurement validity
D) statistical significance
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: The Social Self
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe social comparison theory.When will one engage in upward versus downward comparison?
Answer: Social comparison theory argues that people compare themselves to others in order to obtain an accurate assessment of their own opinions,abilities,and internal states.Social comparison is particularly likely when there are no objective standards for evaluation.When people want to feel good about themselves,they are likely to engage in downward comparison,comparing themselves to others that are slightly inferior or worse off.When people want to improve,they are likely to engage in upward comparison,comparing themselves to others that are slightly superior or better off.
Q2) Goffman's idea of face refers to
A) our self-schemas.
B) our self-esteem.
C) how other people think about us.
D) who we want others to think we are.
Answer: D
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5
Chapter 4: Social Cognition: Thinking About
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Sample Questions
Q1) Construal level theory predicts that we think about events distant in time or space in ________ terms,and that we think about events nearer in time or space in ________ terms.
A) abstract; concrete
B) concrete; abstract
C) negative; positive
D) positive; negative
Q2) Barbara mostly chooses to watch news programs that support her political beliefs while avoiding news programs that may disagree with her views.This is an example of the
A) information bias.
B) hindsight bias.
C) misinformation effect.
D) motivated confirmation bias.
Q3) When forming judgments about others,people often rely on the representativeness heuristic.Unfortunately,this can lead people to
A) ignore how much a person resembles a prototypical group member.
B) use information that is causally relevant.
C) rely too heavily on base-rate frequency information.
D) ignore base-rate information.
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Chapter 5: Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jamal watches how his new boyfriend reacts to a performer at a comedy club.Is he easily amused or is the comedian really that funny? If he compares his boyfriend's response to the comedian to other people in the audience,he is focusing on ________ information.
A) consistency
B) distinctiveness
C) consensus
D) shared
Q2) When it comes to causal attributions,what is true of the distinction between people from interdependent and independent cultures?
A) People from independent cultures are more likely to recognize the strength of the situation when making an attribution.
B) People from interdependent cultures are more likely to use consensus information when making an attribution.
C) People from independent cultures are more likely to use distinctiveness information when making an attribution.
D) People from interdependent cultures are more likely to make a dispositional inference when making an attribution.
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Chapter 6: Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mohammed is at a bar and notices an attractive woman sitting with her friends.According to what you learned about flirtation and nonverbal behavior,what is Mohammed likely to do first to communicate his interest?
A) look her way and then take a broad stance to look large
B) look her way and then smile coyly
C) walk by her and then provocatively brush her arm
D) walk by her and then provocatively raise his eyebrows
Q2) Amy and David just had an awesome date.They went to a great restaurant and then played shuffleboard at a new bar.They are feeling close and committed to their relationship.Based on your reading,what physiological change are Amy and David most likely experiencing?
A) increases in oxytocin
B) increases in amygdala activation
C) decreases in progesterone
D) decreases in frontal lobe activation
Q3) Which hormone promotes closeness and commitment?
A) estrogen
B) oxytocin
C) testosterone
D) serotonin
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Chapter 7: Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization
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Q1) Many people who choose not to have children suspect that homebound,sleep-deprived,and financially strapped parents are fooling themselves when they say that nothing in life brings them more pleasure.In other words,these childless people suggest that parents put a lot of energy into ________ in order to decrease cognitive dissonance.
A) peripheral processing
B) effort justification
C) balancing
D) arousing thoughts
Q2) ________ theory states that people are motivated to see the existing sociopolitical setup as fair,desirable,and legitimate.
A) System justification
B) Terror management
C) Cognitive dissonance
D) Self-perception
Q3) Define attitude and describe the components of an attitude.
Q4) Suppose your friend asks you for advice on how she can encourage her son to clean his room regularly.Generate a plan,based on the principle of insufficient justification,to get her son to clean his room more often.How can she avoid the overjustification effect?
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Chapter 8: Persuasion
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Q1) Robert was a successful dentist for over a decade before deciding that he would be happier as a salesman.He has started a position at a new company that sells high-tech alarm clocks and high-tech toothbrushes.Of these two products,Robert is likely to be more successful selling ________,because he is likely to be a(n)________ when delivering persuasive appeals for that product.
A) toothbrushes; attractive source
B) toothbrushes; trustworthy source
C) alarm clocks; confident source
D) alarm clocks; credible source
Q2) Wendy Wood (1982)found that participants in favor of environmental preservation who ________ shifted their attitudes considerably when exposed to an anti-preservation message.
A) knew less about the subject
B) knew more about the subject
C) believed preservation is very important
D) were confident in their attitudes
Q3) Jennifer smokes cigarettes.Describe how selective attention and selective evaluation may make Jennifer resistant to anti-smoking messages.
Q4) Define metacognition and describe how it influences persuasion.
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Chapter 9: Social Influence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Using a ________-based approach to reduce destructive behavior is likely to be most effective when people ________ the popularity of the behavior.
A) norm; overestimate
B) norm; underestimate
C) reason; overestimate
D) reason; underestimate
Q2) In the original Milgram experiment (1965),the experimenter asked participants to shock someone else whenever that person made a mistake on a learning task.The results of this experiment showed that people
A) learned better when they were punished.
B) did not experience distress when other people were in pain.
C) were unwilling to advance science if it meant hurting someone else.
D) were willing to inflict pain on strangers.
Q3) People who hold a minority view tend to change the majority opinion through A) normative social influence.
B) informational social influence.
C) public compliance.
D) guilt and shame.
Q4) Define conformity,compliance,and obedience and provide an example of each.
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Chapter 10: Relationships and Attraction
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Q1) Which of the following people is likely to have relatively higher marital dissatisfaction?
A) Juan, who has high self-esteem and grew up in an upper middle class family.
B) Edward, who has low self-esteem and is of lower socioeconomic status.
C) Brandon, who has low self-esteem and is of higher socioeconomic status.
D) George, who has high self-esteem and is of lower socioeconomic status.
Q2) According to the textbook,love can be broken down into three broad categories.Which of the following is NOT one of the categories discussed in the text?
A) compassionate
B) romantic
C) companionate
D) fatuous
Q3) Using Rusbult's investment model of commitment,describe a hypothetical situation in which someone might stay committed to a romantic partner even though he or she is not very satisfied with the relationship.In your answer,address the role of alternative partners and investments.
Q4) Describe how a teacher might take advantage of proximity to encourage interracial friendships in her classroom.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination
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Q1) Evaluate the claim that racial diversity is sufficient to create positive intergroup relations.What conditions are necessary for contact between diverse groups to be beneficial?
Q2) Recall that Glick and Fiske (2001a,2001b)studied positive and negative stereotypes about women in 19 different countries.They found that
A) benevolent sexism cannot coexist with hostile sexism.
B) negative stereotypes have troublesome consequences, but positive stereotypes do not.
C) positive stereotypes can have troublesome consequences.
D) ambivalent sexist attitudes are easy for people to change.
Q3) Jim,who is prejudiced against Jewish people,is likely to attribute a Jewish person's stereotype-inconsistent actions,such as an act of philanthropy,to ________.In contrast,Jim is likely to attribute a Jewish person's stereotype-consistent actions,such as self-interested behavior,to ________.
A) situational causes; dispositional causes
B) dispositional causes; situational causes
C) global causes; specific causes
D) personality traits; internal dispositions
Q4) Give an example of the outgroup homogeneity effect and explain why it occurs.
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Chapter 12: Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bill is standing on the ledge of a tall building.He yells out to the gathering crowd,"I have nothing left to live for!" Research suggests that people are more likely to chant,"Jump! Jump! Jump!"
A) after 6:00 p.m. (as opposed to earlier in the day).
B) when the temperature exceeds 90 degrees Fahrenheit.
C) when the crowd exceeds 300 people.
D) after 6:00 p.m. (as opposed to earlier in the day), and when the crowd exceeds 300 people.
Q2) All of the following are characteristics of people who are likely to rise to leadership positions EXCEPT
A) group-relevant expertise.
B) strong social skills.
C) a lack of inhibition.
D) generosity.
Q3) ________ is to deindividuation as ________ is to self-awareness.
A) Wearing a mask; seeing oneself in a mirror
B) Playing a game; solving a problem
C) Inhibition; self-control
D) Being photographed; wearing a name tag
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Aggression
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lee Ross and his colleagues found that people tended to ________ the extremity of attitudes held by people on the opposing side of an issue about which they felt strongly.
A) underestimate
B) devalue
C) overestimate
D) accurately guess
Q2) In the United States,stepchildren who are less than two years of age are 100 times more likely to suffer abuse at the hands of stepparents than of biological parents.Evolutionary psychologists evoke the principle of ________ to explain this disturbing statistic.
A) diffusion of responsibility
B) inclusive fitness
C) natural selection
D) differential parental investment
Q3) When groups in conflict are able to communicate,they are more likely to A) become more aggressive if differences are not resolved.
B) reconcile and return to more peaceful relations.
C) overestimate the extremity of each other's attitudes.
D) dehumanize each other.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Altruism and Cooperation
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Q1) In the typical prisoner's dilemma game,which of the following strategies would bring you the best immediate personal outcome as a participant?
A) Both you and your partner cooperate.
B) Both you and your partner defect.
C) You defect, and your partner cooperates.
D) You cooperate, and your partner defects.
Q2) Explain the basic concept of the prisoner's dilemma.How is the example of the India-Pakistan arms race,as described in the textbook,a real-world example of the prisoner's dilemma?
Q3) Alex and Janet are playing ten rounds of a prisoner's dilemma game.If Janet is following the tit-for-tat strategy,what choices should she make across the ten rounds being played?
A) Janet should choose to be competitive and defect in every round.
B) Janet should always do exactly what Alex does.
C) Janet should be cooperative on the first round, and then mimic Alex's choices.
D) Janet should begin by defecting, and then alternate between defecting and cooperating on each following round.
Q4) Describe the tit-for-tat strategy and evaluate its effectiveness.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Application Module 1 : Social Psychology and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best summarizes the purpose of activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)axis,which involves increased cortisol and temporary immune system suppression?
A) to propagate the species through increased drive for reproduction
B) to increase survival value by storing up rather than expending energy reserves
C) to increase survival value by quickly responding to threats
D) to improve psychological health by suppressing memories of threatening events
Q2) Explain how rumination may contribute to chronic stress and then describe one way that rumination can be reduced.
Q3) Which of the following was found in breast cancer patients who were evaluated by their physicians as having better responses to the disease?
A) They relinquished control of their treatment to their doctors.
B) They reported having a sense of control over the course of the disease.
C) They were more likely to deny that they had cancer.
D) They were more likely to report intense anger at the cancer.
Q4) Explain how differences in social and physical environments of upper- and lower-socioeconomic status (SES)neighborhoods can contribute to health disparities.
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Chapter 16: Application Module 2 : Social Psychology and Educatio
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Sample Questions
Q1) The belief that intelligence is something one is born with and cannot change is referred to as the
A) entity theory of intelligence.
B) evolutionary theory of intelligence.
C) incremental theory of intelligence.
D) attributional fallacy.
Q2) A radio soap opera in Tanzania is designed to combat the spread of HIV.This is an example of
A) incremental intelligence.
B) entertainment-education.
C) value-based education.
D) teaching principles.
Q3) In research conducted by Cohen and colleagues (2006),minority students were asked to write about their most important values at the beginning of middle school.What was the result of this intervention?
A) The students began to show an entity theory of intelligence.
B) The students whose values were unrelated to academics saw their grades decline.
C) The students' grades improved over two years.
D) The students reported better social relationships but not improved grades.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Application Module 3 :social Psychology and the Law
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Q1) Alan is on the jury for a theft-related crime.After hearing the evidence,Alan feels anger toward the defendant and a general sense of outrage.What types of attributions has Alan likely made about the defendant?
A) The defendant did not intend to commit the crime and the crime reflects a stable part of the defendant's character.
B) The defendant did not intend to commit the crime and the crime does not reflect anything stable about the defendant's character.
C) The defendant intended to commit the crime but the crime does not reflect anything stable about the defendant's character.
D) The defendant intended to commit the crime and the crime reflects a stable part of the defendant's character.
Q2) Challenge the idea that eyewitness testimony is accurate and reliable and describe two research findings that support your argument.
Q3) Explain how stereotypes can lead to biases in our criminal justice system.
Q4) Describe the three components that contribute to one's sense of procedural justice and provide an example of each.
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Page 19