Social Change and Society Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Social Change and Society explores the dynamics of how societies transform over time, examining the sources, patterns, and consequences of social changes on local, national, and global scales. The course covers theoretical perspectives on social change, such as modernization, dependency, and world-systems theories, and investigates the role of key factors like technology, social movements, globalization, and policy interventions. Through case studies and critical analysis, students will assess how social change impacts institutions, identities, inequalities, and everyday life, fostering a nuanced understanding of both the drivers and effects of societal transformation.
Recommended Textbook
Experience Sociology 3rd Edition by David Croteau
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17 Chapters
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Chapter 1: Sociology in a Changing World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sociology emerged from all of the following revolutions <b>EXCEPT</b>
A) religious.
B) economic.
C) cultural.
D) political.
Answer: A
Q2) A sociological understanding of homelessness would include all of the following <b>EXCEPT</b>
A) an individual's social status.
B) the local employment structure.
C) an individual's personal failures at locating work.
D) stratification in the society an individual lived in.
Answer: C
Q3) The sociological perspective focuses on exploring the relationship between individuals and the social worlds in which they live.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Understanding the Research Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of research focuses on how individuals create meaning in their everyday lives?
A) positivist social science
B) interpretive social science
C) critical social science
D) All these answers are correct.
Answer: B
Q2) Megan submitted a manuscript to a journal for publication. The editor at the journal asked experts in the topic Megan studied to read and comment on her work. Megan received feedback from these experts that she then used to improve her manuscript before it was published. What practice is described here?
A) collecting manuscript feedback
B) the peer-review process
C) gaining expert feedback
D) draft editing for publication
Answer: B
Q3) Critical social science believes that research must be value-free.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the World Values Survey 2010-2014, respondents in which country were LEAST likely to agree that taxing the rich to assist the poor is an essential feature of democracy?
A) United States
B) Russia
C) France
D) China
Answer: A
Q2) What is the primary argument of those who oppose the ban on wearing face-covering veils in public?
A) It oppresses women by taking away their right to choose whether or not they want to wear a veil.
B) It does not protect women from men staring at them.
C) It will create conflict between husbands and wives.
D) It does not allow women the right to express their religious faith.
Answer: D
Q3) Hitler was xenophobic.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Social Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be an example of an informal element of an organizational structure like a business?
A) rules outlining employee conduct in the company handbook
B) federal laws that impact how the business can function
C) traditions that influence how those within the organization address one another
D) All of these are formalized elements of a business organization.
Q2) The goal of a breaching experiment is to
A) change social norms by breaking well-known social rules.
B) adhere to social rules in order to better understand social change.
C) adhere to formal rules in order to test informal boundaries.
D) break social rules in order to better understand social routines.
Q3) In order to survive, an institution has to serve a function that meets the needs of the broader society.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Individuals are fully determined by social life; they are not capable of independent action.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Power
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Sample Questions
Q1) The main problem with a highly concentrated economic power in the context of a democracy in the United States is that it can be
A) used to suppress dissent.
B) used to limit freedom.
C) converted into political power.
D) used to bribe politicians.
Q2) A small but powerful minority, comprised of less than 1 percent of Americans, is responsible for what portion of total American campaign contributions?
A) less than 30 percent
B) about 40 percent
C) about 50 percent
D) about 60 percent
Q3) The system of racial oppression in the United States prior to the 1960s is an example of which system of stratification?
A) class-based
B) agriculture-based
C) caste-based
D) achievement-based
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Chapter 6: Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) The life course often brings with it
A) difficulty in the beginning, a plateau in early adulthood, and then ease later in life.
B) a different experience based on a person's gender, class, and other aspects of identity.
C) a similar life experience for most people.
D) little opportunity for resocialization.
Q2) How does self-reflection emerge?
A) through the reflected self
B) through the looking glass self
C) through social interaction
D) through the generalized other
Q3) A lack of early social stimulation can lead to biological problems later in life.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Throughout time, people have experienced the stages in the life course in much the same way.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Interaction, Groups, and Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to sociologists, which of the following allows people to communicate?
A) shared symbols and meanings
B) everyone learning English in school
C) flashcards
D) constant clarification
Q2) Which of the following illustrates the dynamics of an out-group?
A) An individual does not feel a connection to the out-group and tries to distance him/herself from its members.
B) An individual feels a strong connection to the out-group and sees them as role models.
C) An individual is part of an out-group but he/she really wants to be part of the in-group.
D) An individual is not part of the out-group but sees its members in a positive light.
Q3) According to sociologists, which of the following would be a social group?
A) a crowd at a ballgame
B) men who are balding
C) a volleyball team
D) all college freshman in the United States
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Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Consistent with the premises of strain theory, research finds that juvenile delinquency and gang membership is primarily caused by A) social pressure.
B) blocked opportunities.
C) broken family structures.
D) moral failure.
Q2) The argument that the death penalty is justified because the most horrendous crimes deserve the most severe punishment is an example of which rationale for punishment?
A) deterrence
B) restoration
C) retribution
D) protection
Q3) Strain theory suggests that deviance has its roots in A) inequality.
B) social pressure.
C) improper socialization.
D) nonconformist conditioning.
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Chapter 9: Class and Global Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) A country redesigned its tax policy so that the amount of taxes an individual paid was based on his or her earnings, with those earning more paying more in taxes. For example, an individual who makes $20,000 a year pays 3 percent in taxes, while an individual who makes $100,000 a year pays 3 percent on the first $20,000 and an additional 10 percent on the remaining $80,000. This is called
A) liberal taxation.
B) regressive taxation.
C) conservative taxation.
D) progressive taxation.
Q2) Someone who lacks the resources that are considered required to maintain a basic standard of living in society is living in ________ poverty.
A) relative
B) desperate
C) total
D) absolute
Q3) U.S. workers have relatively low wages and benefits compared to workers in other industrialized countries.
A)True
B)False
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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Q1) Many Americans view Asian Americans as one of the most successful groups. With statistics showing they have high levels of education, work in professional jobs, and have high family incomes, it is easy to believe that they no longer face prejudice or discrimination. While Japanese or Chinese Americans may be generally viewed as successful, there is still a struggle for many Southeast Asians, which is often overlooked. What is the myth that is being perpetuated about Asian Americans?
A) They are a heterogeneous group.
B) They are a model minority.
C) They are a minority-majority.
D) They are, as a group, divided by social class.
Q2) Most native peoples in the United States identify themselves
A) as American Indians.
B) as Native Americans.
C) according to tribal heritage.
D) as Native Peoples.
Q3) The term Caucasian is a synonym for "white."
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Gender and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Popular culture often suggests that men are physically stronger than women. Which of the following explains how a sociologist would examine this difference?
A) All these answers would be used by sociologists
B) Men are naturally predisposed to being stronger than women because they have more testosterone in their system.
C) Men's biology is naturally more muscular than women's biology, which makes them physically stronger.
D) Men are encouraged to engage in activities that encourage muscle development, whereas women are not encouraged to build muscle.
Q2) The media tend to show ________ forms of masculinity and femininity.
A) stereotypical
B) realistic
C) idealized
D) deviant
Q3) Differences in men's and women's wages can be explained by individual sexism.
A)True
B)False
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Family and Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which group did Max Weber see as significantly contributing to the rise of capitalism?
A) Calvinist Protestants
B) the Chinese
C) Lutherans
D) the British
Q2) Which of the following has been a change in religion in recent years?
A) an increase in many forms of spirituality
B) an increase in understanding religious doctrine
C) a decline in secular humanism
D) a merging of spirituality and religion into a new religion
Q3) When American students say the pledge of allegiance each morning, this represents A) a civil religion.
B) civil obedience.
C) religious patriotism.
D) nonsecular ritual.
Q4) Violence is an inherent part of all fundamentalism.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Education and Work
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT a contemporary trend in the American workplace?
A) The number of workers finding jobs in the service sector has increased.
B) Workers are more likely to change jobs several times over their career.
C) Workers are more likely to change overall careers during their work life.
D) Employers are moving jobs back to the United States from overseas to reduce labor costs.
Q2) The phrase "gender division of labor" refers to gender differences in A) access to education.
B) job satisfaction.
C) domestic roles.
D) access to jobs.
Q3) What have researchers concluded about the quality of minority segregated schools, on average, in terms of student outcomes?
A) They are better than non-minority schools.
B) They are worse than non-minority schools.
C) They are on par with non-minority schools.
D) They are better than private schools.
Q4) The American workforce is increasingly working in industrial jobs.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Media and Consumption
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Q1) What does it mean to say that traditional media were only involved in one-way communication?
A) They did not rely on audience participation.
B) They used low-level technologies.
C) They created personalized messages for a single viewer.
D) They never considered their audience.
Q2) The media are promoters of ideology.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following has NOT contributed to the rise of consumer culture in the United States?
A) people being more frugal with their money
B) the rise of industrialization
C) the mass production of goods
D) the rise of advertising and competitive pricing
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a way that a sociologist would study the media?
A) comparing media depictions to social reality
B) determining cable television cost structures
C) examining media effects on audience
D) comparing content across two media types
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Chapter 15: Communities, the Environment, and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) W. E. B. Du Bois pioneered a systematic study of A) Hispanic communities.
B) black urban life.
C) urban poverty and homelessness.
D) urban class structures.
Q2) In the 1970s and 1980s, the primary force behind suburbanization was A) housing decline in urban areas.
B) increased racial animosity and violence.
C) the wholesale export of jobs overseas.
D) the mortgage crisis.
Q3) The pattern of health and disease among the population is not equal, and it is not random. Patterns of health distribution are related to A) religious affiliation.
B) class and income level.
C) political affiliation.
D) ethnicity.
Q4) Human ecologists liken the city processes of growth and decline to the natural patterns of life.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Politics and the Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The spiral of silence inflates our perception of political consensus by ________ alternative views.
A) publicly denouncing
B) explicitly discouraging
C) refuting
D) excluding
Q2) Politics does not impact personal or private issues.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A voting system that focuses on the percentage of votes won by parties instead of individual candidates is what type of system?
A) proportional representation
B) direct representation
C) party system
D) plurality voting
Q4) The presidential campaigns of Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton were funded primarily by small donors pledging online contributions.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Social Change: Globalization, Population, and Social Movements
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Sample Questions
Q1) Contemporary social movements rely increasingly on ________ to communicate their message to supporters.
A) the mainstream media
B) underground networks
C) cable and satellite networks
D) the Internet and social media
Q2) Demographic transition theory suggests that societies progress through four demographic stages, beginning with high birth and death rates and culminating at ________ population growth.
A) slowed
B) zero
C) negative
D) sustainable
Q3) From the perspective of world systems theory, national governments in developing nations have ________ to regulate their own economies
A) little incentive
B) a unique opportunity
C) virtually no power
D) been encouraged
Page 19
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