Social Change and Society Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Social Change and Society explores the dynamic processes through which societies transform over time. This course examines the causes, patterns, and consequences of social change, including factors such as technology, globalization, social movements, policy reforms, and shifting cultural values. Students analyze various theoretical perspectives on social change, investigate case studies from different regions and historical periods, and consider the effects of change on institutions, communities, and individuals. Through critical discussion and research, the course encourages students to assess the role of agency, power, and resistance in shaping the trajectory of social development.
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Sociology in Our Times 6th Canadian Edition by Jane Murray
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Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
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Q1) Which scholars have found that gender plays a significant role in a person's risk for suicidal behaviour and how the suicidal behaviour is evaluated?
A)functionalists
B)postmodern analysts
C)symbolic interactionists
D)feminist theorists
Answer: D
Q2) What distinguishes sociological inquiry from popular myths?
A)emotional bias
B)scientific standards
C)a concern with personal troubles and public issues
D)commonsense knowledge
Answer: B
Q3) The feminist perspective is only concerned with macrolevel issues connected to patriarchy.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Sociological Research
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Q1) Which of the following methods is most closely associated with a feminist methodology?
A)field experiments
B)in-depth interviews
C)laboratory experimentation
D)participant observation
Answer: B
Q2) Which term would sociologists use to describe repeating an investigation in substantially the same way that it was originally conducted?
A)replication
B)subsequent re-examination
C)generalization
D)reliability
Answer: A
Q3) According to the text,what is one problem with the use of secondary analysis?
A)The data are not readily available.
B)The data may not reflect variables of interest to the researcher.
C)The data are very expensive to obtain.
D)The chance of bias on the part of the researcher is greatly increased.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Culture
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Q1) A sociologist would refer to specific behavioural expectations of any society as what?
A)prescriptions
B)values
C)codes of conduct
D)norms
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following reflects the Hutterites of Western Canada?
A)They believe that communal living is necessary.
B)They attempt to achieve complete isolation from the wider society.
C)They refuse to use any sort of modern machinery or equipment.
D)They are a good example of a counterculture.
Answer: A
Q3) Being on your favourite social networking site with your friends is participating in what kind of culture?
A)nonmaterial
B)popular
C)high
D)counter
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Socialization
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Q1) Which of the following would a conflict perspective on socialization explore?
A)how families create stability in society
B)how families teach children about language and symbols
C)how families allow children to spend time on the Internet
D)how families contribute to the reproduction of social class
Q2) What differentiates an individual who has reached the postconventional level of moral development?
A)their concern with meeting needs
B)their concern for rights and moral conduct
C)their concern with rules and punishment
D)their concern with approval from others
Q3) The content of socialization varies little from one society to another.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Sigmund Freud lived in an era characterized by which of the following?
A)sexual liberation
B)extreme sexual repression
C)permissive sexual mores
D)sexual revolution
Q5) List Wilbert Moore's four stages of occupational socialization.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Society, social Structure, and Interaction
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Q1) Role is the dynamic aspect of a status;while we occupy a status,we play a role.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Celebrity status has taken over some of the more traditional status indicators.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Primary groups are more specialized than secondary ones.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is civil inattention an example of?
A)regulation of the content of social interaction
B)interaction order
C)how interactions are disordered
D)how forms and processes of social interaction go unregulated
Q5) Which term refers to the most important status a person occupies?
A)primary status
B)master status
C)high status
D)institutional status
Q6) What is the main difference between a group and a social institution?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Groups and Organizations
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Q1) Family and close friends are examples of what?
A)ingroups
B)primary groups
C)reference groups
D)secondary groups
Q2) List and describe the basic elements of McDonaldization as set forth by George Ritzer.Discuss whether these elements have spread to other settings such as education or the business world.Provide examples from your own experience.
Q3) How many social interactions are possible in a group of six?
A)6
B)10
C)15
D)21
Q4) What percentage of subjects in Milgram's (1963)study administered lethal shocks to learners?
A)35 percent
B)50 percent
C)65 percent
D)75 percent
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Chapter 7: Crime and Deviance
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Q1) How does the text explain high rates of criminality among Aboriginal people?
A)Canada's Aboriginal people have far more power and resources than other Canadians and use it through crime.
B)Forced attendance at residential schools and forced adoption outside the community has worked to strengthen family ties.
C)Crippling rates of unemployment in many areas mean no job ties,and school curricula that are irrelevant to the lives of Aboriginal students mean few school ties.
D)Symbolic interactionism is more powerful an explanation than conflict and social control theories.
Q2) What kind of crime is a business operation committing when it supplies illegal goods and services for profit?
A)a corporate crime
B)a political crime
C)an organized crime
D)an occupational crime
Q3) Discuss the primary assumptions of conflict and feminist perspectives on deviance.Indicate the gaps in research that these two perspectives have attempted to fill.
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Chapter 8: Social Class and Stratification in Canada
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Q1) Which of the following assumptions does the Davis-Moore thesis make?
A)We experience conflict between those who own the means of production and those who work for wages.
B)We have an equal distribution of valued goods in our society.
C)We have considerable social mobility in our society.
D)We live in a meritocracy.
Q2) Julie and her husband Bryan started out as a working-class couple.A decade later Julie operates her own business,and Bryan is CEO of a large marketing firm.What does their experience demonstrate?
A)social advancement
B)intragenerational mobility
C)intergenerational mobility
D)social immobility
Q3) What percentage of the country's wealth is controlled by the richest 10 percent of Canadian households?
A)less than 10 percent
B)between 15 and 29 percent
C)between 30 and 49 percent
D)between 50 and 60 percent
Q4) Compare and contrast slavery,caste,and class systems.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Global Stratification
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Q1) The modernization theory of global stratification is part of what approach?
A)the interactionist approach
B)the functionalist approach
C)the conflict approach
D)the postmodern approach
Q2) Which statement best reflects world systems theory?
A)Rich nations rely too heavily on poor nations for natural resources.
B)Poor nations provide good combinations of capital and labour.
C)Low-income nations cannot achieve self-sustained economic growth.
D)Nations are part of a large capitalist economy.
Q3) Which of the following contributes to the global feminization of poverty?
A)the fact that many poor men lack access to commercial credit
B)training women in traditionally female skills that produce low wages
C)the decreasing income gap between men and women
D)the fact that women don't have enough time to invest in child care and domestic labour
Q4) According to the World Bank,women suffer more than men from global inequality.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List and define the three types of nations in world systems analysis.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Ethnic Relations and Race
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Q1) Your parents believe that all people from Hawaii can hula dance and have pig roasts on a regular basis.What name would sociologists use to describe these overgeneralizations?
A)prejudice
B)discrimination
C)stereotypes
D)racism
Q2) A volleyball coach is happy to work with black players,but feels that white fans will accept only a certain percentage of people of colour on the team,thus affecting his hiring practices.How would sociologist Robert Merton classify this coach?
A)as an unprejudiced nondiscriminator
B)as an unprejudiced discriminator
C)as a prejudiced nondiscriminator
D)as a prejudiced discriminator
Q3) Canada is colour-blind.
A)True
B)False
Q4) From a sociological perspective,define and distinguish between race and ethnicity.
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Chapter 11: Gender
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Q1) What is the means by which a society gains the basic necessities of life,including food,shelter,and clothing?
A)the technoeconomic base
B)the division of labour
C)subsistence
D)pastoralism
Q2) Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between marital status and the wage gap?
A)The wage gap is widest between never-married men and women.
B)The wage gap is smallest between married men and women.
C)The wage gap is widest between married men and women.
D)The wage gap is virtually non-existent between never-married men and women.
Q3) Which feminist perspective argues that women's responsibilities for children are undervalued?
A)postmodern
B)socialist
C)liberal
D)radical
Q4) Define gender bias and provide an example of how this operates in school.
Q5) Discuss some of the major forms of gender inequality in contemporary society.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Sex, sexualities, and Intimate Relationships
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Q1) What percentage of men have engaged in sexual relationships outside of their committed relationships at least once in their lives?
A)one fifth
B)one quarter
C)one third
D)one half
Q2) Which of the following terms describes a person in whom sexual differentiation is ambiguous or incomplete?
A)hermaphrodite
B)transsexual
C)transvestite
D)intersexed
Q3) A transsexual is someone who believes that he or she was born with the body of the wrong sex.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Approximately 30 percent of Canadian women experience intimate partner violence.
A)True
B)False
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Families
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Q1) Compare and contrast family of orientation,family of procreation,and extended family.
Q2) Describe how a symbolic interactionist perspective views families.Explain how this perspective can inform our understanding of problems in families.
Q3) What term refers to the pattern of individuals marrying those who have similar characteristics,such as race/ethnicity,religious background,age,education,or social class?
A)exogamy
B)similar mating
C)homogamy
D)heterogamy
Q4) Fifty years ago,the majority of Canadian families consisted of two adults in a permanent union that typically produced how many children?
A)two
B)three
C)three to five
D)five or six
Q5) In what sense is the postmodern family permeable?
Q6) According to the functionalist perspective,what key functions do families serve?
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Chapter 14: Education
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Q1) Discuss the main questions that a symbolic interactionist approach would pose about education.Draw on key concepts developed by symbolic interactionist theorists.
Q2) Working-class students and those living in poverty are adversely affected by the hidden curriculum in schools.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Tracking involves assigning student to specific courses and educational programs based on their test scores,previous grades,or both.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What perspective argues that education is a social institution characterized by permeability?
A)functionalist theory
B)symbolic interactionist theory
C)postmodern theory
D)feminist theory
Q5) Are academic standards in the Canadian education system declining? Why or why not? Support your views with comparisons to other countries.
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Chapter 15: Religion
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Q1) According to Statistics Canada,what percentage of Canadians will be affiliated with Islam by 2031?
A)only 2 percent
B)about 5 percent
C)between 6 and 10 percent
D)approximately 12 percent
Q2) In virtually all religions,women have much less influence in establishing social definitions of appropriate gender roles both within the religious community and in the larger community.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Animism is identified with early hunting and gathering societies.
A)True
B)False
Q4) For Émile Durkheim,the central feature of all religions is the fact that such organizations become the "opiate of the masses."
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare and contrast the terms church and sect.
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Chapter 16: Health, health Care, and Disability
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Q1) Describe and critique Talcott Parsons' notion of a sick role.Use examples to illustrate thecharacteristics of a sick role in modern society.
Q2) Which of the following people come closest to the World Health Organization's definition of health?
A)Derek feels good about himself,both physically and mentally.
B)Parvana enjoys the maximum level of physiological efficiency.
C)Dave is 100 percent free of any symptoms of known (or unknown)diseases.
D)Carrie's balanced life reflects her state of complete physical,mental,and social well-being.
Q3) Which statement best explains why women have higher rates of disease and disability than men?
A)There is a lack of medical research on women compared to men.
B)Women are more likely to engage in high-risk lifestyles than men.
C)Women are less likely to get medical care than men.
D)The mortality gap has narrowed.
Q4) Using examples,discuss the feminist perspective on the medicalization of women's lives.
Q5) Discuss the main criticism of Parson's notion of the sick role.
Q6) Compare and contrast medicine and health care.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Mass Media
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Q1) Kimberly was an unknown musician until her recordings went viral on YouTube.What term best describes this process?
A)status conferral
B)role intensity
C)status expansion
D)role expansion
Q2) Hyperreality refers to a situation in which the distinction between reality and simulation has become blurred.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to Charles Wright (1959),which of the following is NOT a function of the media?
A)interpretation
B)socialization
C)status conferral
D)entertainment
Q4) Describe the four functions of the mass media,according to Charles Wright (1959).
Q5) Discuss how social media is used to initiate social revolutions.
Q6) Discuss some of the controversies surrounding new media and privacy.
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Chapter 18: Aging
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Q1) Conflict analysis draws attention to the diversity in the older population.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What percentage of Canada's population is made up of older Canadians?
A)5 to 10 percent
B)11 to 15 percent
C)16 to 25 percent
D)over 25 percent
Q3) Much of Canada's social welfare system has been set up to support which of the following groups?
A)the young
B)the poor and the elderly
C)the young and the old
D)the old
Q4) Provide a sociological perspective on how aging has been understood in North America historically.
Q5) Today,about 10 percent of Canadian seniors are still working.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Using examples,describe the life course from middle adulthood to retirement.
Page 20
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Chapter 19: The Economy and Work
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Q1) What term defines legal and illegal market-based transactions not reported to the revenue-gathering agency?
A)the secret economy
B)the local economy
C)the underground economy
D)the global economy
Q2) Which of the following statements does NOT describe post-industrial economies?
A)Ideas represent the infrastructure of the future.
B)Work settings are homogenous.
C)The division between private and public becomes blurred.
D)Jobs are increasingly affected by layoffs and outsourcing.
Q3) A mixed economy is sometimes referred to as democratic socialism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Ideally,capitalism works best without government intervention in the marketplace.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Outline the main assumptions of a conflict perspective on capitalism.
Q6) List the three major themes in feminist research on gender and work.
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Chapter 20: Power, politics, and Government
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Q1) Maternity leave provisions are an example of which function of government,according to a functionalist perspective?
A)maintaining law and order
B)planning and directing society
C)meeting social needs
D)handling international relations
Q2) Charismatic authority is power legitimized on the basis of a leader's exceptional qualities and accomplishments.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Cory is using a functionalist perspective to analyze politics.Which statement is most likely to reflect his views?
A)Passing laws reassures various groups that their value-systems are important.
B)Many gender-related issues have not received sufficient attention in parliament.
C)Aboriginal people resisted missionary attempts to convert them to Christianity.
D)Special interest groups provide a voice for people who cannot be heard.
Q4) Outline the main criticisms of the pluralist and elite models of power.
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Chapter 21: Population and Urbanization
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Q1) The Shaws have recently moved from Scotland to Canada.What demographic trend(s)do they demonstrate?
A)immigration
B)emigration
C)emigration and immigration
D)geographic mobility
Q2) Tammy is studying how middle-class families gradually take over areas of the city that were formerly dominated by working class families.Which theoretical perspective is Tammy using?
A)conflict
B)functionalist
C)symbolic interactionist
D)postmodern
Q3) Who developed the concentric zone model?
A)Homer Hoyt
B)Amos Hawley
C)Ernest Burgess
D)Robert Park
Q4) Discuss how the highly stimulating experience of city life shapes people's thoughts and actions.
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Chapter 22: Collective Behavior, social Movements, and Social Change
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Q1) Discuss three ways in which grievances are framed.
Q2) According to Anthony Orum,what is the best predictor of participation in a social movement?
A)monetary support
B)passion for social change
C)prior membership in organizations or political involvement
D)feelings of discontent and deprivation
Q3) What did Lofland (1993)discover in his study of collective behaviour?
A)Disgust is the fundamental emotion found in collective behaviour among men.
B)Children mimic the emotions displayed by their parents during episodes of collective behaviour.
C)Fear,hostility,and joy are fundamental emotions found in collective behaviour.
D)Grief is the fundamental emotion found in collective behaviour among women.
Q4) The Assembly of First Nations,Mines Action Canada,and Father's Rights Groups are all involved in which of the following?
A)a revolution
B)a social aggregate
C)a social movement
D)an interest collectivity
Page 24
Q5) Define mass behaviour and describe two of its main types.
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