Social Change and Movements
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the dynamics of social change and the critical role of social movements in transforming societies. Students will examine key theories, historical and contemporary movements, and the factors that drive collective action. Through case studies from diverse contexts, the course analyzes how activism, resistance, and advocacy challenge existing power structures and reshape cultural, political, and economic landscapes. Focus will also be placed on the strategies social movements use, the impact of technology and globalization, and the intersection of identity, inequality, and justice within transformative processes.
Recommended Textbook
Gender Ideas Interactions Institutions 1st Edition by Lisa Wade
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12 Chapters
374 Verified Questions
374 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 2: Ideas
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27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the Dominican Republic, a rare genetic condition made male children appear to be female until puberty, at which time what had been thought to be a clitoris grew into a penis and their testes suddenly descended from their abdomen. What happened then?
A) These children would keep their feminine identities and cover their genitals for the rest of their lives.
B) These children would be women but remain sexually inactive for the rest of their lives.
C) These children would grow with the stigma of having abnormal bodies.
D) These children would adopt masculine identities and live as men the rest of their lives.
Answer: D
Q2) The fact that men are more likely than women to get breast reductions, and women are more likely than men to get breast implants is an example of A) efforts to enhance the illusion of the gender binary.
B) efforts by intersex people to fit into their given sex.
C) gender dysphoria.
D) the personal exception theory of gender.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 3: Bodies
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers have found that men who are active parents have lower levels of testosterone than men who do not participate in parenting. Which of the following claims does this support?
A) Behavior affects the body's production of hormones like testosterone.
B) Men with higher levels of testosterone are less likely to desire to be parents.
C) Women are better suited to parenting because they have lower and less variable levels of testosterone than men.
D) Behaviors as well as preferences are produced by inborn variations in hormone levels. Answer: A
Q2) Men typically have stronger and denser bones than women. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A) Women are more vulnerable than men to osteoporosis.
B) Bone strength is a good example of an immutable sex difference.
C) Hormonal and genetic factors contribute to men's and women's bone health.
D) Bone health is shaped by exercise and diet.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Performance
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The injection model of socialization fails to explain how people learn to do gender because
A) it ignores how the gender rules change, not only as children grow up but as societies change.
B) it assumes there is one coherent set of gender rules that children learn and apply throughout their lives.
C) it suggests that socialization is provided in greater or lesser doses and we have to live with what we have been given.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
Q2) If men and women aren't naturally opposite, then why do they act so differently so much of the time?
Answer: Answers will vary.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of gender policing?
A) not being hired for a job you are qualified for because you are a woman
B) a woman being told that she looks attractive in an evening gown
C) calling a guy cute rather than handsome
D) asking a guy why he shaves his legs
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 5: Intersections
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is one strategy that some gay men, lesbians, and bisexuals adopt to resist homophobia?
A) practicing gender conformity
B) approving gender deviance
C) accepting compulsory heterosexuality
D) accepting compulsory homosexuality
Q2) In the United States, Asian American men became stereotyped as less masculine than white men as a result of what historical fact?
A) In the 1800s, Chinese men lived together without wives and performed domestic tasks for themselves.
B) In the 1870s and 1880s, Chinese and Japanese men were brought to the United States to work as sex slaves.
C) Even in the 1900s,Asian American men were academic overachievers, and school is a feminized activity.
D) From the 1880s to 1900s, Asian men were denied the right to vote, making them dependents like women.
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Chapter 6: Inequality, Men and Masculinities
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sociologist Michael Messner described how in his youth he bullied a nonathletic boy while participating in sports himself. This is an example of
A) homophobia.
B) policing masculinity.
C) cheerleading masculinity.
D) heteronormativity.
Q2) What is gender subordination?
A) regarding masculine traits and activities as more important and valuable than women's
B) the routine positioning of women as men's helpers and dependents
C) legal as well as normative control of female and younger male family members by select adult men
D) prejudice and discrimination against people based on their biological sex
Q3) According to the authors of your textbook, why might men who rank low in the masculine hierarchy still defend hegemonic masculinity?
A) Because being a girl is bad, but being a girly man (or boy) is worse.
B) Because they value hypermasculinity.
C) Because it assures them that they're superior to women.
D) Because they want to exert power over others if they possibly can.
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Page 7
Chapter 7: Inequality: Women and Femininities
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to philosopher Sandra Lee Bartky, feminine ways of using the body can be described as
A) a language of subordination.
B) an embodiment of the potential for both men and women to be graceful.
C) naturally maternal, since female bodies are designed to attract sex, nourish babies, and give comfort.
D) a way of signaling her age.
Q2) In contemporary American society, men are encouraged to avoid femininity and women are strongly encouraged to embrace both femininity and masculinity. With the help of three examples, explain this phenomenon in your own words.
Q3) According to their statements, George Sodini and Elliot Roger engaged in mass killing of women because
A) they thought that women should be less sexually promiscuous.
B) they succumbed to peer pressure.
C) they considered themselves as inferior to women.
D) they had a sense of entitlement to sex and affection from women and got aggressive when they did not get this response.
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Chapter 8: Institutions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The definition of norms is
A) the sets of institutions within which we live our lives.
B) the social organization of gender relations in the society.
C) explicitly codified expectations, often written down with stated consequences for deviance.
D) beliefs and practices that are widely followed and culturally approved.
Q2) While doing research on playgrounds in elementary schools, sociologist Barrie Thorne noticed that
A) teachers encouraged girls to play indoors and boys to play on playgrounds.
B) children were seated by gender in classrooms.
C) boys' social interactions were not influenced by gender, but girls' were.
D) gender was less salient in the classroom than on the playground.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of an institution?
A) the Cleveland Browns
B) Wal-Mart
C) health care
D) the Academy Awards
Q4) When it comes down to it, regardless of social construction and social pressure, don't we live in a society in which it's possible to just be an individual?
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Chapter 9: Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) What has been the statistical trend for age at first marriage for women?
A) Between 1920 and 1940, it rose. By 1950, it dropped substantially. From the 1960s, it began rising again and hasn't stopped since.
B) It has been rising since the 1900s along with women's education.
C) Between 1900 and 1950, it rose. By 1950, it dropped substantially, and it has been dropping ever since.
D) Between 1920 and 1940, it rose. Between 1950 and 1970, it dropped substantially. After women's liberation in the mid-1970s, it began to rise again.
Q2) The lives of men and women have changed dramatically in America's short history. Give an example each of a technological, economic, political, and demographic change and describe how it shifted gender relations.
Q3) Marriage has been socially organized under three models. Explain each model, the reasons they emerged, and why they fell apart.
Q4) A friend of yours argues that it is important to respect 'traditional' marriage? Why is her statement meaningless in historical perspective?
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Chapter 10: Sexualities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Self-objectification is
A) accepting a heterosexual orientation simply by virtue of heteronormativity.
B) the internalization of the idea that others can be more attractive than they are themselves.
C) a rejection of sexual subjectification and learning to love one's own body.
D) learning to think of oneself as an object for the pleasure of others.
Q2) Which of the following statistics related to rates of orgasm is true?
A) Women have about three times as many orgasms as men but are reluctant to admit it.
B) Women in same-sex relationships have two to three times as many orgasms as women in heterosexual ones.
C) Compared to men, when women masturbate they reach orgasm much more slowly.
D) Women have more orgasms than men do in penile-vaginal intercourse.
Q3) Describe two contemporary advertisements or programs you have encountered in the media that you believe contribute significantly to processes of sexual liberation and/or sexual objectification. Explain clearly how they do so. Use your examples also to consider whether these effects are similar or different for women and men of different racial groups and why this would be the case.
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Chapter 11: Families
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The study of how households with only men divided up their chores found that
A) caring about cleanliness could be masculinized too.
B) doing masculinity meant pretending not to care whether the house was clean.
C) housework was not gendered unless women were present.
D) policing cleanliness can be more important than policing gender.
Q2) Young men and young women can be called egalitarians because they prefer relationships in which
A) they equally value men's responsibility for earning income and women's for child and house care.
B) they both intend to work for pay and forgo having children.
C) they accept that women will only seek paid work when it doesn't interfere with their roles as mother and wife.
D) both partners do their fair share of breadwinning, housekeeping, and child rearing.
Q3) In low-income households, mothers will often stay at home because
A) they wish to help nonfamily members in their neighborhood.
B) they wish to please their in-laws by doing more intensive mothering.
C) day care costs more money than they are able to earn by working.
D) building egalitarian relationships requires mutual sacrifice.
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Page 12
Chapter 12: Work
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is emotion work?
A) the androcentric assumption that women get more emotional in the workplace than men
B) the characterization of certain jobs as demanding more caring emotions (therefore befitting women better)
C) work that is done to manage the emotions of oneself and others
D) the idea that women's emotional skills are made invisible when they provide care
Q2) The gender pay gap
A) is similar in every U.S. state.
B) has been decreasing over time.
C) grows as women get more education.
D) tends to grow smaller over the course of a career.
Q3) In Gender, Wade and Ferree write: "Men and women tend to find themselves in jobs that are stereotyped for their own gender. This in itself, however, doesn't contribute to the pay gap. Gendered job segregation is only the beginning." Please explain the above statement with concepts from the chapter. What other factors are important in explaining the pay gap?
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Chapter 13: Politics
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Sample Questions
Q1) A society that rewards reproductive labor, such as taking care of children and the elderly, is a society that embraces a standard of
A) gender neutrality
B) equal access
C) equal sharing
D) equal value
Q2) Which model of gender equality would be most attractive to women who embrace masculinity?
A) equal access
B) equal value
C) equal sharing
D) equal opportunity
Q3) Ideas that do not (yet) resonate with most members of a population are
A) androcentric.
B) hegemonic.
C) individualistic.
D) radical.
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