Social Behavior Practice Exam
Course Introduction
This course examines the fundamental principles that govern social behavior in humans and other animals. Topics include perception of others, social influence, group dynamics, prosocial and antisocial behavior, conformity, leadership, and cultural factors affecting behavior. Using empirical research and real-world examples, students will analyze how individuals think, feel, and act in social contexts and explore the underlying cognitive, emotional, and biological mechanisms. The course also addresses applications to contemporary social issues and the development of skills for collaborating and communicating effectively in diverse social environments.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology 5th Edition by Tom Gilovich
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17 Chapters
1135 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Invitation to Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the emerging field of social neuroscience.What tools are used by social neuroscientists? Describe one interesting finding coming from this field.
Answer: Social neuroscience evaluates the neural underpinnings of social behavior.To conduct this research,social neuroscientists rely on neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging,which reveals activation in the brain based on the degree of blood flow to a region.Several of the interesting findings coming from this field are acceptable as long as they relate changes in the brain to social experiences.
Q2) Social psychology can be defined as the ________ study of the ________ of individuals in social situations.
A) rational; feelings, thoughts, and behaviors
B) scientific; behaviors
C) scientific; feelings, thoughts, and behaviors
D) behavioral; thoughts and feelings
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: The Methods of Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Interviews and written questionnaires are forms of which type of research method?
A) observation
B) archival
C) applied
D) survey
Answer: D
Q2) What is one of the most important differences between correlational and experimental research designs?
A) Experiments measure the degree of the relationship between two variables.
B) Correlations only examine one variable.
C) Experiments use random assignment.
D) It is impossible to determine cause by doing an experiment.
Answer: C
Q3) One of the primary reasons field experiments are conducted is that they
A) are logistically very easy to carry out.
B) are very high in external validity.
C) incorporate a high degree of consistency across conditions.
D) usually result in statistically significant results.
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Social Self
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Q1) Gene is given a questionnaire that has statements like these printed on it: "I take a positive view of myself" and "I feel that I have a number of good qualities." He is asked to indicate how much he agrees with such statements.This questionnaire is meant to measure Gene's
A) self-consciousness.
B) identity cues.
C) self-esteem.
D) self-discrepancies.
Answer: C
Q2) Goffman's idea of face refers to A) our self-schemas.
B) our self-esteem.
C) how other people think about us.
D) who we want others to think we are.
Answer: D
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5
Chapter 4: Social Cognition: Thinking About
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Q1) The media (television news programs,newspaper articles,news websites)tend to emphasize dangerous and criminal events.How does this so-called bad-news bias influence people's judgments about danger and crime? In addition,discuss how the availability heuristic is relevant to these judgments.
Q2) Right before Jenny meets a new boyfriend for a dinner date,she finishes reading a novel about a husband who mistreats his wife.According to research on schemas,Jenny is likely to
A) break up with her boyfriend.
B) view her boyfriend's actions in a more negative light.
C) tell her boyfriend how much she loves him.
D) talk about how they should get married.
Q3) Many members of a street gang believe privately that their initiation process is too harsh and dangerous.However,they do not express these beliefs because they assume that everyone else thinks the initiation process is just fine.This scenario exemplifies A) pluralistic ignorance.
B) group rationalization.
C) counterfactual conformity.
D) the framing effect.
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6
Chapter 5: Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Trina notices her brother Mark eating a second piece of chocolate from a box of candy.Because he rarely eats candy of any kind,Trina concludes that Mark must really like the chocolate.In this instance,Trina is relying on ________ information to explain her brother's behavior.
A) distinctiveness
B) consistency
C) consensus
D) individuating
Q2) Psychologists who want to measure a person's explanatory style assess each of the following attribution dimensions EXCEPT
A) rational/affective.
B) internal/external.
C) stability/instability.
D) global/specific.
Q3) Challenge the position that people within the United States are all equally likely to commit the fundamental attribution error.What aspects of American identity relate to this tendency?
Q4) Explain the fundamental attribution error.Provide three explanations for why it occurs.
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Chapter 6: Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mary tells Halima about a situation that happened to their mutual friend.This friend's beloved pet cat was run over last week,and rather than waste the corpse,their friend decided to cook the cat and eat it.Even though she knows that their friend did not harm the cat before it died and that their friend felt fine afterward,Halima still feels that this behavior was wrong.Halima is experiencing
A) immune neglect.
B) moral dumbfounding.
C) focalism.
D) moral neglect.
Q2) Emotions such as sympathy,concern,and compassion are triggered by concerns about ________ and motivate prosocial behavior toward people who are vulnerable.
A) fairness
B) harm
C) loyalty/betrayal
D) purity
Q3) Challenge the perspective that all aspects of emotion are universal.In what ways might culture influence the display or experience of emotion?
Q4) Describe how emotions can coordinate action via the modality of touch.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the embodied nature of emotion and cognition and describe two research studies that show the relation between bodily movements and attitudes.
Q2) Self-perception processes are most likely to occur when prior attitudes are
A) weak.
B) about extremely important matters.
C) unambiguous.
D) strongly held.
Q3) Attitudes often fail to predict behavior with the accuracy we might expect.Explain how this failure could result from the level of specificity in which the attitudes and behaviors are measured.
Q4) Researchers find that when people behave in ways that are at odds with their attitudes,they report feeling negative emotion and even show activity in facial muscles connected to negative arousal.These results seem to support which theory about attitudes and behavior?
A) system justification theory
B) terror management theory
C) cognitive dissonance theory
D) self-perception theory
Q5) Describe three ways in which researchers measure attitudes.
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Chapter 8: Persuasion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Andy,an advertising executive,wants to use subliminal advertising to encourage people to buy his product.What effect will the use of subliminal advertising likely have on product sales?
A) Sales will double.
B) Sales will not be affected.
C) Sales will drop by a third.
D) Sales will triple.
Q2) Define the concept of embodiment and give one example of how it can influence persuasion.
Q3) Robert was a successful dentist for over a decade before deciding that he would be happier as a salesman.He has started a position at a new company that sells high-tech alarm clocks and high-tech toothbrushes.Of these two products,Robert is likely to be more successful selling ________,because he is likely to be a(n)________ when delivering persuasive appeals for that product.
A) toothbrushes; attractive source
B) toothbrushes; trustworthy source
C) alarm clocks; confident source
D) alarm clocks; credible source
Q4) Define metacognition and describe how it influences persuasion.
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Chapter 9: Social Influence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research by Michele Gelfand and colleagues (2011)demonstrated that some countries have tight cultures,marked by norms toward greater conformity,while other countries have loose cultures.Describe the differences between these two cultural types.Describe at least one geological or geopolitical difference between countries of one type and the other and explain how that difference might contribute to differences in conformity.
Q2) Hideous crimes against humanity include the Holocaust in Nazi Germany,the "ethnic cleansing" in Bosnia,and the tribal massacres in Rwanda.According to the textbook,there are two different ways of explaining such crimes.One of these explanations,the normalist thesis,holds that
A) only highly sadistic, desperate, or ethnocentric people harm others.
B) under certain circumstances, almost anyone has the capacity to harm others.
C) evolutionary pressures favored traits that involved a greater willingness to harm others.
D) the media (television, movies, video games) have made violence commonplace.
Q3) Explain how norm-based social influence can play a role in increasing symptoms of bulimia (binge eating and purging)in sororities.
Q4) Define conformity,compliance,and obedience and provide an example of each.
Q5) Describe the phenomenon of automatic mimicry and give two reasons why it occurs.
11
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Chapter 10: Relationships and Attraction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Consider the following quote from William Whyte in The Organization Man: "Despite the fact that a person can pick and choose from a vast number of people to make friends with,such things as the placement of a stoop or the direction of a street often have more to do with determining who is friends with whom." This quote captures the essence of how ________ can influence relationships.
A) similarity
B) proximity
C) attractiveness
D) physicality
Q2) Describe three positive behaviors that can strengthen romantic relationships and give an example of each.
Q3) Evaluate the claim that people tend to have the same attachment style across all of their relationships.Describe research from the textbook to support or refute this claim.
Q4) Describe three pieces of evidence that support the proposition that the need to belong is a fundamental need in humans.
Q5) How do babies' sleeping arrangements differ across cultures? What implications might these different arrangements have on a given culture's definition of secure attachment?
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Chapter 11: Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination
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Q1) Experiments that employ the minimal group paradigm show that groups that are created on the basis of arbitrary and seemingly meaningless criteria tend to show
A) ingroup favoritism.
B) outgroup favoritism.
C) neither ingroup nor outgroup favoritism.
D) greater ingroup favoritism compared to groups created on the basis of meaningful criteria.
Q2) When experimental groups are created using the minimal group paradigm,which of the following characteristics do these groups have?
A) Participants are separated by gender, with males in one group and females in another group.
B) Participants are separated by race, with white participants in one group and black participants in another.
C) Groups are created using meaningless and arbitrary criteria so that there is no real difference between the groups.
D) Groups are created by allowing participants to choose with whom they would rather work.
Q3) Give an example of the outgroup homogeneity effect and explain why it occurs.
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13
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Chapter 12: Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which of the following scenarios is social loafing most likely to occur?
A) during a competitive bike race such as the Tour de France
B) while moving large furniture with a group of friends
C) during a group project where each group member's work will be graded individually
D) when trick-or-treaters are asked to provide their names
Q2) Distinguish between states of deindividuation and individuation/self-awareness.For each,give an example of a study that shows how this state affects social behavior.
Q3) Which of the following individuals is most likely to experience high self-awareness?
A) Joe, who does not care what other people think of him
B) Bree, who focuses her attention inward on herself and is concerned about how her current behavior conforms to her values
C) Antonio, who has a good memory for important events in his life
D) Stefani, who is in a deindividuated state
Q4) Describe a real-world event that illustrates the phenomenon of groupthink.In addition,explain how its occurrence could have been avoided.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Aggression
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about forgiveness and reconciliation is most accurate,based on the research described in the textbook?
A) Reconciliation behaviors such as confessions, apologies, and signs of remorse often trigger forgiveness.
B) Reconciliation behaviors are only seen in humans.
C) Divorced spouses fare better if they end all communication with one another.
D) Reconciliation behaviors are only seen in humans, and reconciliation behaviors such as confessions, apologies, and signs of remorse often trigger forgiveness.
Q2) During World War II,propaganda posters were distributed in the United States likening the enemies of America to rats and other animals.This is an example of A) relational aggression.
B) dehumanization.
C) hostile violence.
D) reactive devaluation.
Q3) Drawing on research described in the textbook,describe three recommendations you could give to group leaders who are trying to promote peace between two groups with a history of conflict.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Altruism and Cooperation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The concept of altruism refers to
A) behavior that enhances the survival of one's own genes.
B) unselfish behavior that benefits others without regard to consequences for the self.
C) feelings of compassion toward a needy other.
D) an action intended to benefit both the self and someone else at the same time.
Q2) In one experiment,smoke filtered into a room when participants were filling out a questionnaire.Results indicated that participants were most likely to report the smoke to the experimenter when they were in the room
A) with the experimenter.
B) alone.
C) with two calm confederates.
D) with two other study participants.
Q3) Describe a hypothetical scenario in which a person needs help but is unlikely to receive it due to diffusion of responsibility.Next,list two things that the person could say or do to increase his or her odds of receiving help.
Q4) What is kin selection,and how is it relevant to explaining and predicting altruism?
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Application Module 1 : Social Psychology and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sidney and Jane are suffering from a similar health condition.Sidney is optimistic that her health will improve,while Jane's approach is to prepare herself for the worst.Which of the following outcomes is most likely?
A) Sidney's health condition will improve more than Jane's.
B) Jane's health condition will improve more than Sidney's.
C) Though Sidney and Jane take different approaches, both approaches are likely to benefit their health.
D) Neither Sidney nor Jane's approach will affect their health conditions.
Q2) Which of the following does the textbook NOT recommend as a means of reducing stress?
A) seeking out stressful situations to stimulate resilience
B) practicing meditation
C) exercising regularly
D) cultivating positive emotions
Q3) Imagine that you are designing a comprehensive stress reduction intervention for college students who are suffering from chronic health conditions.List two specific approaches that could be included in this intervention and describe how you would implement them.For each approach,provide one piece of evidence from the textbook that supports its role in reducing stress.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Application Module 2 : Social Psychology and Educatio
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Q1) As the smartest kid in his class,Caleb believes that his intelligence is innate,permanent,and relatively unchangeable.His classmate Brian believes that with effort and many hours of studying,he can increase his intelligence.Which of the following statements about Caleb and Brian is accurate?
A) Caleb has an incremental theory of intelligence; Brian has an entity theory of intelligence.
B) Caleb has an entity theory of intelligence; Brian has an incremental theory of intelligence.
C) Caleb is more likely than Brian to work hard at school and to seek out new learning opportunities.
D) Caleb and Brian are not likely to behave differently from one another.
Q2) According to the textbook,there is ________ evidence that people of Asian heritage are genetically ________ intelligent.
A) strong; more
B) modest; more
C) no good; more
D) modest; less
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Chapter 17: Application Module 3 :social Psychology and the Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare the just desserts and deterrence motives for punishment.In addition,explain how these motives are related to cultural variations in punishment.
Q2) People's assessments of the fairness of processes leading to legal outcomes is called
A) retribution perceptions.
B) procedural justice.
C) legal justice.
D) bias perceptions.
Q3) Which of the following is true about procedural justice?
A) The magnitude of punishment dictated by the courts is not correlated with perceptions of procedural justice.
B) The degree to which offenders saw the system as neutral and respectful more strongly predicted perceptions of fairness than the punishment received.
C) Measures of procedural justice were unrelated to perceptions of fairness of the system.
D) All the answer options are correct.
Q4) Describe the three components that contribute to one's sense of procedural justice and provide an example of each.
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