Social and Personality Development Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Social and Personality Development explores the processes through which individuals develop their social behaviors, emotional understanding, and personality traits across the lifespan. The course examines key theories and research on attachment, temperament, identity formation, moral development, peer and family influences, and cultural context. Through the study of both biological and environmental factors, students gain a comprehensive understanding of how people become unique individuals and social beings, with emphasis on major milestones from infancy through adulthood and the implications for psychological well-being.
Recommended Textbook
The Personality Puzzle 6th Edition by David C. Funder
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19 Chapters
1503 Verified Questions
1503 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Study of the Person
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23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Advocates of any particular basic approach to personality historically ________.
A) claimed that their approach explains everything worth explaining
B) admitted that other approaches have their good points
C) proudly asserted that they have deliberately limited what they have chosen to look at D) claimed that approaches cannot be compared with each other
Answer: A
Q2) Jeff suspects that his roommate's sexist jokes may indicate that his roommate has some hidden, unconscious hostility toward women or that he feels very insecure around women. Jeff's analysis suggests a ________ approach to personality.
A) psychoanalytic
B) trait
C) phenomenological
D) behaviorist
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Clues to Personality: the Basic Sources of Data
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Physiological measures are considered L data.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) According to the textbook, daily diary reports can be considered ________ data.
A) L
B) I
C) S
D) B
Answer: D
Q3) In a priming study, participants solved puzzles that included words such as gray, wise, retired, and Florida. After solving these puzzles, participants were observed as they walked down a hallway. The observation of participants' speed of walking would be considered ________ data.
A) experience sampling
B) experimental B
C) L
D) projective
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Personality Psychology As Science: Research
Methods
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86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychologists expect to reach a final answer to their research questions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The technical meaning of reliability concerns ________.
A) how much measurement error is present in your assessment instrument
B) whether an instrument accurately assesses the construct it is intended to measure
C) whether an instrument correlates with a similar measure of the same construct
D) whether a sample of participants reasonably represents the population of interest
Answer: A
Q3) What is the big disadvantage of the case study method?
A) It describes isolated variables, not the whole phenomenon.
B) It is rarely the source of testable hypotheses.
C) It does not usually apply to particular individuals, only to groups.
D) It is not controlled.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Personality Traits, Situations, and Behavior
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81 Verified Questions
81 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Citizenship behavior at work is predicted by which trait?
A) neuroticism
B) self-monitoring
C) extraversion
D) conscientiousness
Q2) According to situationists, the upper limit of personality coefficients is estimated as
A) .10 to .20
B) .30 to .40
C) .50 to .60
D) .70 to .80
Q3) The situationist argument holds that ________.
A) a thorough review of the literature reveals that there is a limit to how well one can predict behavior from personality
B) situations are more important than personality traits for determining behavior
C) our everyday intuitions about people are fundamentally flawed
D) all of the above
Q4) Explain the issues that are involved in judging the size of the correlation coefficient of .40.
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Chapter 5: Personality Assessment I: Personality Testing
and Its Consequences
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One objection to the use of vocational interest tests is that these tests ________.
A) measure conscientiousness rather than vocational interest
B) may discourage women or minority group members from joining certain fields
C) measure performance ability rather than job interest
D) can be used to tell individuals what kind of occupational group they most resemble
Q2) Eliminating the use of personality tests in employment screening will ________.
A) prevent biases from affecting hiring decisions
B) decrease the likelihood that women and minorities will be discriminated against in hiring
C) increase the use of lie detector tests and drug tests in employment screening
D) not prevent traits from being judged but will change the ways traits are judged
Q3) Face validity refers to whether the items on a scale are easy to read and understand for test takers.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Personality Assessment Ii: Personality Judgment
in Daily Life
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the four steps of the Realistic Accuracy Model. Apply those steps to the accurate judgment of the trait of honesty.
Q2) It is only possible to improve personality accuracy at the utilization stage.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The finding that more observable traits yield better interjudge agreement suggests that peer judgment is based more on ________ than on ________.
A) a manufactured reputation; the target's self-judgments
B) a manufactured reputation; direct behavioral observation
C) direct behavioral observation; a manufactured reputation
D) stereotypes; expectancies
Q4) Music preferences seem to reflect personality characteristics.
A)True
B)False
Q5) It appears that there are gender differences in the attributes that make someone a good judge of personality.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Using Personality Traits to Understand Behavior
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85 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is another name for ego resiliency?
A) psychological adjustment
B) self-monitoring
C) extraversion
D) self-control
Q2) Given Snyder's description of self-monitoring, you would expect someone who is low in self-monitoring to be ________ than someone high in self-monitoring.
A) harder to judge
B) easier to judge
C) less depressed
D) less conscientious
Q3) People who adjust their behavior to best fit the situation are called ________, and people whose behavior is guided by their personality are called ________.
A) ego resilient; ego controlled
B) agreeable; conscientious
C) high self-monitors; low self-monitors
D) low self-monitors; high self-monitors
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Chapter 8: The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these brain structures is thought to play a role in judging whether stimuli offer threats or rewards?
A) amygdala
B) hippocampus
C) ventromedial cortex
D) ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)
Q2) Norepinephrine is both a neurotransmitter in the brain and a hormone in the body.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which brain structure seems to play an important role in memory?
A) basal ganglia
B) hypothalamus
C) thalamus
D) hippocampus
Q4) How did researchers first learn about the functions of the frontal lobes? What are those functions? Describe the consequences of severe frontal lobe damage. What does this tell us about personality?
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Chapter 9: The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral
Genetics and Evolutionary Theory
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Half-siblings share about how much genetic material on average?
A) 0
B) .125
C) .25
D) .50
Q2) A scientist who tries to determine how differences in a particular trait are correlated with differences in a particular gene is using the ________ method.
A) behavioral genetic
B) association
C) covariance structure
D) causal isolation
Q3) What is the biggest confound in a typical parenting study that examines the correlation between parenting practices and the behaviors of offspring?
A) Most studies use adoption designs so there is no genetic link between parents and children.
B) It is difficult to measure parenting behavior with much reliability.
C) In most studies of parenting, parents and kids share genetic material.
D) Shared environmental factors were substantially larger than nonshared factors.
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Chapter 10: Basics of Psychoanalysis
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ego develops during the anal stage.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Morality develops during the phallic stage.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to psychoanalytic theory, no action is ever random.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to the text, what is the psychological theme of the anal stage?
A) dependency
B) self-control
C) sexuality
D) trust
Q5) The assumption that everything a person does has a specific cause is called
A) psychological determination
B) mental causality
C) psychic determinism
D) libidinal functionalism
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Workings of the Unconscious Mind:
Defenses and Slips
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If Sally accuses her husband of having an affair because she is secretly attracted to the next-door neighbor, she is likely ________ her own feelings.
A) projecting
B) reacting to
C) rationalizing
D) displacing
Q2) Strategies that help individuals cope with anxiety, guilt, and shame are called ________.
A) compensatory processes
B) regressive tendencies
C) fixations
D) defense mechanisms
Q3) A common first reaction to the diagnosis of a fatal illness is ________.
A) extreme grief
B) denial of the diagnosis
C) terror
D) paradoxical relief
Q4) Compare the defense mechanisms of repression and denial. Provide several concrete examples of defense mechanisms with clear explanations of each one.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object
Relations, and Current Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most modern therapists practice strict Freudian psychoanalysis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In general, neo-Freudians ________.
A) are strict followers of Freudian ideas
B) represent the majority of psychologists working in universities today
C) use the same research methods Freud advocated
D) rarely practice psychoanalysis
Q3) According to Melanie Klein, the ________ position refers to a child's desire to worship and protect the good parts of an object because he or she fears losing them.
A) depressive
B) constructive
C) enhancing
D) paranoid
Q4) According to Erikson, adolescents are likely to face a(n) ________.
A) inferiority complex
B) struggle for intimacy
C) identity crisis
D) sense of shame and doubt
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Chapter 13: Experience, Existence, and the Meaning of Life:
Humanistic and Positive Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Rogers, believing that others value you based only on intelligence, success, or attractiveness can lead to ________.
A) existential dread
B) unconditional positive regard
C) despair
D) conditions of worth
Q2) Optimism is one of the attributes studied by positive psychologists.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Umwelt includes bodily sensations of pleasure and pain.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Kelly emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard.
A)True
B)False
Q5) An autotelic activity ________.
A) results in social reinforcement such as praise or approval
B) produces a material reinforcement such as money
C) releases unconscious urges and desires
D) is enjoyable for its own sake
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Chapter 14: Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality
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87 Verified Questions
87 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ occurs when someone moves to a new place and gradually picks up the culture of the new location.
A) Acculturation
B) Enculturation
C) Assimilation
D) Accommodation
Q2) One reason Europeans were able to colonize and dominate other cultures was that they ________.
A) never needed to develop metal-based tools for agriculture
B) lived close together in cities and thereby developed immunities to certain diseases
C) gathered food rather than hunting or farming
D) failed to appreciate the importance of their local geography
Q3) Extraversion, openness, and sociosexuality might be lower in countries near the equator because low levels of these traits ________.
A) facilitate greater group cooperation
B) reduce interpersonal contact and disease risk
C) promote psychological well-being in warm climates
D) facilitate hunting in complicated ecological systems
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Chapter 15: Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and Social Learning Theories
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86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pavlov's experiments on the timing of associations demonstrated that two things become associated because ________.
A) they occur at the exact same time
B) the conditioned stimulus (CS) comes well before the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
C) one concept changes the meaning of the other concept
D) they have similar perceptual features
Q2) Dollard and Miller view psychological conflict as the result of ________.
A) conflict between the id and the superego
B) conflict between primary and secondary drives
C) habit hierarchy disorder
D) approach-avoidance conflict
Q3) Utilitarianism, a social philosophy, claims that ________.
A) people learn in order to seek pleasure and to avoid pain
B) behavior changes as a function of experience
C) two things become mentally connected into one if they are repeatedly experienced close together in time
D) the best society produces the most happiness for the largest number of people
Q4) Identify and describe the three philosophical ideas that are fundamental to behaviorism.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Personality Processes: Perception, Thought,
Motivation, and Emotion
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88 Verified Questions
88 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are some conceptual advantages of dual-process models? What kinds of phenomena can they explain and why is this important? For example, how could such models explain why it is possible to have irrational thoughts and, at the same time, to know that such thoughts are irrational?
Q2) Concepts that are readily available in the mind on such a frequent basis that they become part of one's personality are said to be ________.
A) chronically accessible
B) hypoactivated
C) praxes
D) individuated
Q3) Your expectations about sequences of events that should occur in certain situations are called cognitive ________.
A) schemas
B) expectancies
C) scripts
D) projects
Q4) People can talk much more easily about explicit goals than implicit goals.
A)True
B)False
18
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Chapter 17: What You Know About You: the Self
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89 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which stage of the realistic accuracy model probably has the fewest limitations when it comes to making self-judgments?
A) relevance
B) utilization
C) availability
D) detection
Q2) According to the text, a study found that acquaintances' judgments of assertiveness did not predict observed behavior in the laboratory, whereas self-judgments did predict observed behavior in the laboratory.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Individuals with amnesia are typically unable to provide valid self-reports of personality.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe how the realistic accuracy model can be applied to self-knowledge. How does this model explain why accurate self-knowledge can be difficult to achieve?
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19
Chapter 18: Disorders of Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the DSM-IV classification scheme, what are the Cluster A disorders?
A) schizotypal, schizoid, and borderline
B) schizotypal, paranoid, and borderline
C) schizotypal, schizoid, and paranoid
D) schizoid, obsessive-compulsive, and paranoid
Q2) Someone who brags about his physical health and vitality in front of a friend going through chemotherapy exhibits a symptom of which personality disorder?
A) histrionic
B) antisocial
C) narcissistic
D) schizotypal
Q3) Which of the following is NOT one of the diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder?
A) self-destructive acts
B) uncontrollable anger
C) preoccupation with fantasies of ultimate attainment
D) chronic feelings of emptiness
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Chapter 19: Conclusion: Looking Back and Looking Ahead
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are actually multiple ways to structure an introduction to personality psychology.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which approach does Funder most closely identify with?
A) cognitive
B) biological
C) trait
D) cross-cultural
Q3) What are the three most important core themes you learned from the textbook and your personality class? You must clearly justify why these themes are important and why they offer critical insights into human nature. How can these themes be applied to everyday life in terms of understanding your own behavior or the behavior of those around you?
Q4) Funder identifies most strongly with the psychoanalytic approach to personality. A)True
B)False
Q5) Why is it important to maintain an awareness of alternative approaches to the study of personality?
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