Social and Emotional Development in Children
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
This course explores the processes and factors shaping social and emotional development from infancy through childhood. Topics include attachment, temperament, emotional regulation, the development of self and social understanding, moral development, and the roles of family, peers, and culture in shaping childrens social and emotional lives. Students will examine key theories, current research findings, and practical implications for supporting the healthy social and emotional growth of children in various contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Children Play and Development
4th Edition by Fergus
P. Hughes
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10 Chapters
476 Verified Questions
476 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Historical and Theoretical Viewpoints
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47 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Play was discouraged in the lives of Puritan children because
A) it distracted them from study and vocational training.
B) it was seen as the work of the devil.
C) the Puritans hated all forms of playfulness.
D) play was thought to encourage sexual expression.
E) children were never allowed to socialize with one another.
Answer: A
Q2) The American theorist who had the greatest influence on the work of Lev Vygotsky was the Behaviorist John B. Watson.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) During the Renaissance (1300-1600 A.D.), European children were seen as
A) more important than adults.
B) similar to fools.
C) innocent and pure.
D) God's most important creations.
E) the hope of their parents' salvation.
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Ethological and Cultural Perspectives
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47 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When they play with their toddlers, Japanese mothers are more likely than Americans to try to teach about the physical properties of objects.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) While it is common in human children, aggression is rare in the play of other animal species.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A foot race and a weightlifting competition are examples of games of ________.
Answer: physical skill
Q4) As is true of human play, the play of lower animals is characterized by an element of A) consciousness.
B) rationality.
C) free choice.
D) rigidity.
E) pretense.
Answer: E
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Chapter 3: The First 2 Years of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mothers in Indonesia seem to be particularly playful when interacting with their young children.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) A fifteen-month-old baby, while seated in a high chair near its mother, drops a toy while playing. The baby will then immediately turn to look at ____________. Answer: its mother.
Q3) Mothers engage in more conversation with their daughters, and make more statements about the baby's feelings, needs, or wishes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The repetition of behaviors that bring about pleasing effects on the baby's surrounding world is called a ________ ________ _________.
Answer: secondary circular reactions
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Chapter 4: The Preschool Years: From 2 to 5
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Mildren Parten, the lowest level of play is _______ play.
Q2) Young children who are very closely attached to their parents display all but which one of the following characteristics?
A) They are more independent and more curious.
B) They would rather play with adults than with other children.
C) They are more sociable and more cooperative in play with peers.
D) They are more likely to explore the physical environment.
E) They're more successful at social pretend play with peers.
Q3) Children do not begin to take an interest in adult roles until the age of four.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In dramatic play, the __________role is always defined in terms of a specific plan of action, such as preparer of dinner, firefighter, or monster.
Q5) Each child is still focused on a separate activity, but there is sharing, lending, taking turns, and attending to the activities of one's peers in what is known as ______________play.
Q6) List and describe six of the major functions of sociodramatic play in the life of the young child.
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Chapter 5: Play in Later Childhood and Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) When we say school-age children have a need for industry, we mean they
A) are eager to achieve a feeling of accomplishment.
B) would rather work than play.
C) have great difficulty organizing their time.
D) do not understand the value of work.
E) enjoy work, but only if they are rewarded for it.
Q2) How does adolescent play differ from, and how is it similar to, the play of younger children?
Q3) Which is not an essential characteristic of games-with-rules?
A) They involve competition.
B) They involve at least two players.
C) The rules must be agreed to in advance.
D) They must be played by a preschool or a grade-school child.
E) They must allow for the possibility of winning or losing.
Q4) List and describe the essential characteristics of games-with-rules. Why do some psychologists argue that such games are not really play at all?
Q5) Most people in the United States who play computer games are between the ages of _______ and _______.
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Chapter 6: Gender Differences in Play
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychologists who study moral development suggest that males are more likely than females to base moral decisions on
A) the social context.
B) the feelings of the people involved.
C) interpersonal relationships.
D) irrelevant variables.
E) abstract moral principles.
Q2) The earliest age at which children have been found to prefer gender appropriate toys is
A) ten months.
B) eighteen months.
C) two years.
D) two-and-a-half years.
E) three years.
Q3) Girls in American society usually have a larger number of toys than boys do, but boys have a larger variety.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the three major theoretical explanations of how gender typing is acquired?
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Chapter 7: Play in Special Populations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which group of children is the least likely to engage in symbolic play?
A) speech delayed
B) hearing impaired
C) autistic
D) hospitalized
E) intellectually impaired
Q2) How does the play of children who have been physically abused differ from that of victims of sexual abuse? How might these differences be explained?
Q3) Young children with hearing difficulties engage in lesser amounts of ___________ make-believe play.
Q4) The classic "Sally and Anne" study is an example of a _________ experiment, which is the most widely used task to indicate the presence of a theory of mind.
Q5) List and describe four types of hospital play programs. Which type of program appears to be the most beneficial, and why?
Q6) A "theory of mind" refers to the ability to recognize the faulty logic in one's own thinking.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Play and Intellectual Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Spatial visualization is the ability to
A) sort objects according to their common features.
B) imagine how a two- or three-dimensional shape would look if rotated in space.
C) arrange a group of different-size blocks in the shapes of squares, rectangles, and circles
D) hold an impression of a shape in your mind and be able to find it in a more complex pattern.
E) imagine what a block structure will look like before you start to build it.
Q2) Divergent problem-solving is a key element in successful performance on A) intelligence tests.
B) classroom tests.
C) tests of creativity.
D) tests of moral reasoning.
E) all of the above
Q3) Creativity is a personality characteristic, an ____________ process, and it results in a creative product.
Q4) Creative children are more likely to have a well-developed sense of humor.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: The Social Benefits of Play
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children rated as popular by their teachers are the most likely to have parents who engage in a good deal of physical play with them.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Most of the research on the value of play in promoting role-taking skills indicates that
A) play is of little value in this area.
B) play is valuable but only if adults stay completely out of it.
C) effective role-taking must be taught in the home rather than at school.
D) very few children are good at role-taking.
E) gentle adult supervision of play is necessary for improvements in role-taking.
Q3) The most effective social intervention approach with unpopular children is A) coaching.
B) shaping.
C) modeling.
D) cooperating.
E) conditioning.
Q4) Most of the peer interactions of young children occur within the context of ______.
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Chapter 10: The Uses of Play in Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Freud typically used play in the early stages of therapy with a child as a way of
Q2) Bibiliotherapy and mutual storytelling are identical to one another.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The type of therapy that required parents to attend training sessions under the supervision of a therapist for twelve months, during which they were conducting therapy sessions for their own children at home, was
A) play analysis.
B) family therapy.
C) relationship therapy.
D) humanistic therapy
E) filial therapy.
Q4) Anna Freud believed that she could work effectively with a child even if that child had no motivation to bring about change.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Psychoanalytic therapist today focus on present realities rather than on __________ mechanisms rooted in the past.
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