Social and Cultural Diversity Test Preparation
Course Introduction
This course explores the complexities of social and cultural diversity, examining how factors such as race, ethnicity, gender, class, sexual orientation, religion, and ability shape individual and group experiences in society. Students will engage with key concepts, theories, and case studies to understand the dynamics of inclusion, exclusion, power, and privilege in diverse societies. The course encourages critical reflection on cultural assumptions and offers practical tools for fostering intercultural competence and promoting equity in various social contexts.
Recommended Textbook Essentials of Cultural Anthropology 2nd Edition by Kenneth J. Guest
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15 Chapters
979 Verified Questions
979 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Anthropology in a Global Age
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An anthropologist who has conducted fieldwork on Mormon fundamentalists and their marriage patterns wants to now compare those patterns to those of Muslim tradition. What would this require?
A) conducting ethnological analysis
B) studying how humans have evolved over time
C) carrying out new long-term ethnographic fieldwork
D) analyzing language used in religious ceremonies around the world
Answer: A
Q2) Global poverty has risen dramatically over the past twenty years, and is generally considered a sign of what by anthropologists?
A) holism
B) uneven development
C) time-space compression
D) ethnographic fieldwork
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Culture
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Humans learn culture from the people and cultural institutions that surround them. When does this learning occur?
A) in early childhood
B) throughout their entire lives
C) primarily when in cultural institutions such as schools
D) generally from infancy through early adulthood
Answer: B
Q2) Ideas or rules about how people should behave in particular situations or toward certain other people are considered ________.
A) beliefs
B) meanings
C) norms
D) values
Answer: C
Q3) What did anthropologist Eric Wolf believe to be inherent in all relationships?
A) belief system
B) power dynamics
C) stratification
D) human agency
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Fieldwork and Ethnography
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How did Annette Weiner, a feminist anthropologist, challenge preexisting theories in anthropology?
A) Weiner conducted a restudy of the Trobriand Islands and drew new conclusions about gender roles.
B) She rewrote the ethnographies of Evans-Pritchard's work on the Nuer, focusing primarily on women.
C) Weiner established reflexivity as a key part of ethnography through her work in Puerto Rico.
D) She closely reexamined sexuality in Samoa and expanded the role of women in that study.
Answer: A
Q2) What is one of the typical first steps taken during the planning stages of a fieldwork project?
A) identifying key informants
B) establishing rapport
C) charting kinship networks
D) conducting a literature review
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Language
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58 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What term do anthropologists use to refer to small units of sounds that can make a critical difference in meaning within a language, but do not have any meaning on their own?
A) paralanguage
B) morphemes
C) phonemes
D) grammar
Q2) Both efforts to enforce and efforts to deviate from standard English in a school setting frequently evoke controversy. What did the schools in Oakland, California, that introduced Ebonics seek to accomplish?
A) help African-American children succeed in school
B) introduce a new federal policy that allowed the teaching of nonstandard English
C) replace standard English with black English in the school district
D) certify teachers as proficient in black English
Q3) What do linguistic anthropologists think about how women and men use language in different ways? What are the two models that explain why language is used in gendered ways, and what are examples that illustrate their hypotheses? Which one of these two models is more compelling to you, and why?
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Chapter 5: Race and Racism
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What specific term do we use for the process of categorizing, differentiating, and attributing a particular racial characteristic to a person or group of people?
A) miscegenation
B) racialization
C) phenotype
D) hypodescent
Q2) What example does Jonathan Marks use as a useful way to consider the inherent problem of racially dividing people?
A) Doctors sorting according to brain size.
B) Children sorting according to block size.
C) Anthropologists sorting according to height.
D) Coaches sorting according to athletic prowess.
Q3) How does the U.S. census, taken every ten years since 1790, provide a window into the changing conception of "race"?
Q4) Explain how and why Jim Crow laws came to the American South.
Q5) Explain how the idea of "white" or "whiteness" changed over time in the United States.
Q6) Explain what is meant by the concept of "white privilege."
Q7) Explain how European colonial expansion gave rise to race and racism.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Ethnicity and Nationalism
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62 Verified Questions
62 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Since ethnicity is not biologically fixed, self-identification with a particular ethnic group can shift. What is this process called?
A) situational negotiation of identity
B) citizenship
C) ethnic boundary marker
D) assimilation
Q2) What term is used to describe a political entity located within a geographic boundary with enforced borders whose population shares a sense of culture, ancestry, and destiny?
A) community
B) nation-state
C) state
D) society
Q3) What term originally referred to a distinct group of people with a shared place of origin, but is now most commonly used to refer to a country?
A) state
B) imagined community
C) nation
D) nation-state
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Gender
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Through the 1960s, Western medicine has attempted to "manage" children born with ambiguous genitalia. This has primarily consisted of what treatment regimen?
A) performing surgery once the child is old enough to make his or her own decision
B) cognitive behavioral therapy
C) parental decision support
D) genital reconstruction surgery and hormone therapy
Q2) In one gender study, what was one of the ways that the game of co-ed T-ball reinforced gender ideals in U.S. children?
A) Boys typically received more playing time than girls.
B) Girls typically received more playing time than boys.
C) Parents tended to encourage boys and girls equally.
D) Girls and boys received the same amount of praise for playing well.
Q3) According to C. J. Pascoe, what is a primary component of the so-called fag discourse in U.S. high schools?
A) the enforcement of heterosexuality
B) the enforcement of masculinity
C) discussing gender roles
D) constant use of bullying to enforce femininity
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Chapter 8: Sexuality
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58 Verified Questions
58 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many different cultural institutions and systems of power interconnect to regulate sexuality, affecting both individual lives and group experiences. How do anthropologists refer to this aspect of overlapping systems and institutions in our daily lives?
A) intersectionality
B) hegemony
C) sexology
D) sexual discourse
Q2) This chapter highlights anthropological investigations of sexuality in several different parts of the world (Sweden, Suriname, Nicaragua, Japan, Nigeria). Pick two of them and describe the studies themselves and the researchers' analyses and key findings. What is similar about these studies? How do they differ? How do the studies you chose highlight the value of an ethnocartography of human sexuality?
Q3) Define sexuality and, using a minimum of three examples from the text, describe the ways in which culture influences sexual beliefs and behaviors.
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Chapter 9: Kinship, Family, and Marriage
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Sample Questions
Q1) You attend a friend's wedding. At one point, the father of the groom hands a set of new car keys to the bride. What would you, as an anthropologist, call this?
A) gift exchange
B) bridewealth
C) reciprocity
D) dowry
Q2) Anthropologists have clearly demonstrated that kinship is not solely given at birth via biological connections or through marriage alliances but can be acquired through other means. What are three other ways in which kinship can be acquired? What are the benefits of being able to acquire kinship outside of biological relations and marriage? Provide at least two examples of ways of acquiring kinship in the United States and in your own home community.
Q3) When Cesar speaks of his dream to get married and have children, he is talking about his:
A) extended family.
B) family of orientation.
C) family of procreation.
D) lineage.
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11
Chapter 10: Class and Inequality
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73 Verified Questions
73 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Since the mid-1970s, how has class inequality in the United States changed?
A) It has decreased as income and wealth have been disbursed from the wealthy elite down to the middle- and lower-class social strata.
B) It has increased due to decreasing tax rates for the wealthy and stagnating salaries for the middle class.
C) It has held steady, as tax breaks for the wealthy have been balanced by increased salaries in the middle class.
D) It has decreased as a result of increased tax rates on the wealthy and redistribution of benefits to the poor.
Q2) Of all the systems of stratification and power in a society, which of the following is often considered the most difficult to see clearly and to discuss openly?
A) race
B) ethnicity
C) gender
D) class
Q3) Compare the water crises of the poor urban settlers in Mumbai, India, and the residents of Flint, Michigan.
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Chapter 11: The Global Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the past several decades, many companies have made effective use of flexible accumulation-the strategy used by transnational corporations to maximize profits. What is one of the reasons that a company like Walmart has grown in both size and profit?
A) It has established itself as a fair employer around the world.
B) It has avoided offshoring until just recently.
C) It has more than 7,000 factories overseas that manufacture products for the company.
D) It has built stores in every nation on the planet.
Q2) Where and when did the Triangle Trade network occur? What were the principal commodities traded in this exchange network. Describe how commodities and people were circulated through this trade network and some of the consequences for the societies involved in the trade.
Q3) Intensive industrialized agriculture is characterized by:
A) egalitarian social relations.
B) social stratification.
C) a very low carrying capacity.
D) slash-and-burn agriculture.
Q4) What does the author mean by "pushes and pulls"? Give two examples each of potential pushes and pulls.
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Chapter 12: Politics and Power
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72 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is one of the arguments given to support the idea that humans are naturally violent?
A) Violence and war are a cultural institution.
B) Violence is something we all learn as children.
C) Violence only appeared after the development of the state.
D) Violence is found genetically engrained in all primates.
Q2) Give an example of how a group has used a framing process.
Q3) Earlier anthropological analysis considered small-scale human groups in comparative isolation. Anthropologists now understand that in all bands, tribes, and chiefdoms must function how?
A) as autonomous groups
B) solely with the permission of the state government
C) as distinctly homogenous societies
D) within the influence of the state
Q4) What do anthropologists call a small, kinship-based group of foragers who move over a particular territory?
A) group
B) band
C) tribe
D) chiefdom
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Chapter 13: Religion
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64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Seo-yun is a mudang in South Korea. In her community, she acts as an intermediary between spirits or gods and the human world through rituals, songs, and ancestor worship. Which term best describes Seo-yun?
A) shaman
B) saint
C) martyr
D) communitas
Q2) In 1931, anthropologist Audrey Richards documented the chisungu ritual, performed in Zambia. What is this women-only ritual that centers on menstruation and marriage an example of in anthropology?
A) a rite of passage
B) liminal engagement
C) sacredness
D) religious fervor
Q3) Anthropologists are primarily interested in what aspect of religion?
A) analyzing religion's ultimate truth or falsity
B) capturing religious expression and making it come alive for others
C) validating others' religious beliefs
D) documenting all shamanic and folk traditions
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Health, Illness, and the Body
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the most significant changes that Zanmi Lasante initiated in rural Haiti was the training of local community members as health-care workers. What factor was responsible for their success in identifying local health-care problems and providing basic health services?
A) their unflagging efforts to build waste treatment and clean water facilities
B) their ability to understand the local language, social structures, and values
C) their willingness to work with impoverished peoples in terrible conditions
D) their training provided to them in the United States
Q2) According to the text, what is one consequence of the health transition?
A) Chronic diseases such as cancer have declined as a primary cause of death worldwide.
B) Infectious diseases have increased as the primary cause of death in the United States.
C) Overall human life expectancy has risen significantly in the past century.
D) There has been a decline in health inequality across the globe.
Q3) How do medical anthropologists distinguish between disease and illness?
A) as a pathological condition versus an imagined reality
B) as a natural entity versus personal experience
C) as a natural entity versus a condition defined by the state
D) as a natural entity versus a psychologically treatable condition
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Art and Media
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59 Verified Questions
59 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is one result of the attention focused on Morrinho?
A) art students receiving scholarships to study at a university in Madrid
B) the number of Internet users in Paris increasing dramatically
C) an opportunity for the creators to install a replica of it at an arts festival in London
D) new guidelines in regulations about television broadcasts for children
Q2) Cross-cultural research leads anthropologists to argue that appreciation of art is acquired through what social vector?
A) social media
B) institutions
C) enculturation
D) schools
Q3) What is indigenous media?
A) videos made about indigenous peoples
B) use of the media by those who have experienced significant disruption at a local level
C) films that are unusually clever in delivering a powerful message
D) the type of media used by Native Americans
Q4) Consider the global trade of West African "wood" and "mud" artwork. Are these objects "authentic"?
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