Social and Cultural Diversity
Question Bank
Course Introduction
This course explores the complexities and nuances of social and cultural diversity in contemporary societies. Students will examine the various dimensions of identity, including race, ethnicity, gender, class, religion, and sexuality, and how these intersect to shape individual and collective experiences. The course emphasizes the importance of understanding diversity for fostering inclusivity, equity, and social justice. Through case studies, discussions, and critical analysis, students will develop skills to recognize and challenge stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination while appreciating the rich tapestry of human cultures and social interactions.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology Appreciating Cultural Diversity 15th Edition by Conrad Kottak
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15 Chapters
963 Verified Questions
963 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: What Is Anthropology
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53 Verified Questions
53 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Applied anthropology
A) originated at the same time that anthropology's four-field approach became established among early twentieth-century U.S. academics.
B) has yet to be recognized by the American Anthropological Association.
C) encompasses any use of the knowledge and/or techniques of its four subfields to identify, assess, and solve practical problems.
D) focuses on preparing emerging academic scholars to improve their grant application skills.
E) is a European phenomenon.
Answer: C
Q2) The differences between sociology and cultural anthropology are becoming increasingly more distinct.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Culture is not itself biological but rests on certain features of human biology.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Culture
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62 Verified Questions
62 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cultures are integrated, patterned systems in which a change in one part often leads to changes in other parts.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The idea of universal and inalienable human rights that are superior to the laws and ethics of any culture can conflict with some of the ideas central to cultural relativism.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) What process is most responsible for the existence of international culture?
A) ethnocentrism
B) cultural relativism
C) dendritic acculturation
D) gene flow
E) cultural diffusion, whether direct, indirect, or by force
Answer: E
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Since there are so many anthropologists in the United States, the distinction between emic and etic does not apply to American culture.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The view that each element of culture, such as the culture trait or trait complex, has its own distinctive history, and that social forms (such as totemism in different societies) that might look similar are not comparable because of their different histories, is known as
A) historical particularism.
B) cultural generalism.
C) the Boasian approach.
D) structural functionalism.
E) comparative functionalism.
Answer: A
Q3) The etic perspective refers to a non-scientific perspective.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Applying Anthropology
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Sample Questions
Q1) As an aid to applied anthropology, anthropological theory
A) is now read widely throughout the commercial sector of Western economies.
B) is generally considered a drawback to practice, because it is mainly based on work among indigenous societies.
C) promotes a systemic perspective that aids the successful implementation of development projects.
D) is derivative and lacking in original ideas.
E) formally forbids anthropologists from doing applied work.
Q2) What is a disease?
A) a health problem as it is experienced by the one affected
B) an artificial product of biomedicine
C) a consequence of a foraging lifestyle
D) an unnatural state of health
E) a scientifically identified health threat
Q3) Sociolinguists and cultural anthropologists studying Puerto Rican communities in the Midwestern United States found that Puerto Rican parents valued education more than non-Hispanics.
A)True
B)False
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Language and Communication
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In all languages, the same honorifics have the same meaning, regardless of context.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Sapir and Whorf argued that the grammatical categories of different languages lead their speakers to think about things in particular ways. However, studies on the differences between female and male Americans in regard to the color terms they use suggest that
A) changes in the U.S. economy, society, and culture have had no impact on the use of color terms, or on any other terms for that matter.
B) contrary to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, it might be more reasonable to say that changes in culture produce changes in language and thought rather than the reverse.
C) in support of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, different languages produce different ways of thinking.
D) women and men are equally sensitive to the marketing tactics of the cosmetic industry.
E) women spend more money on status goods than do men.
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Chapter 6: Ethnicity and Race
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89 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Fredrik Barth's theories about ethnic identity, ethnic boundaries most stable when
A) ethnic groups share a common ancestor.
B) ethnic groups occupy different ecological niches.
C) ethnic groups share the same nation-state.
D) the members of the ethnic groups are highly educated, as with postcolonial states.
E) ethnic groups are culturally very similar and tend to pursue the same goals.
Q2) When an ethnic identity is flexible and situational, it can become an achieved status.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The role of natural selection in producing variation in human skin color illustrates the explanatory approach to explaining human biological diversity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Racial classification is a political issue. Compare the Canadian census in its treatment of racial categories to the U.S. census. What do you think would be the political consequences of using one census over another?
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8
Chapter 7: Making a Living
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64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How is a rent fund different from a subsistence fund? Cite examples to clarify your argument.
Q2) Because nonindustrial economies can have features of both horticulture and agriculture, it is useful to discuss cultivators as being arranged along a cultivation continuum. Which of the following generally occurs in moving toward the more intensive end of the cultivating continuum?
A) increased leisure time
B) improved overall health status of the population
C) increased egalitarianism
D) increasing economic specialization
E) longer fallow periods
Q3) Pastoralists are specialized herders whose subsistence strategies are focused on domesticated animals.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A mode of production is a way of organizing production, whereas the means of production include the factors of production like land, labor, and technology.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Political Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) What factors are responsible for the variable development of political regulation and authority structures among pastoralists?
Q2) Pantribal sodalities function to integrate the community by providing a series of important nonkin relationships.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How does Morton Fried define political organization? Why does Kottak prefer to use the term sociopolitical organization in discussing the regulation or management of interrelations among groups and their representatives?
Q4) With the rise of states, kinship's role in society continued to grow and dominate daily activities.
A)True B)False
Q5) States are complex systems of sociopolitical organization that aim to control and administer everything from conflict resolution to fiscal systems to population movements.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 9: Gender
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51 Verified Questions
51 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on research in the 1960s, which of the following statements about Etoro conceptions of heterosexual intercourse is NOT true?
A) It was thought to sap a man's vitality.
B) Women who wanted too much heterosexual intercourse were viewed as witches.
C) Such sex was permitted only a hundred days a year.
D) It was permitted to take place only in the couple's residence.
E) It was seen as a necessary sacrifice that would eventually lead to a man's death.
Q2) What is meant by the term feminization of poverty?
A) the view that conditions of poverty are emasculating
B) the increasing representation of women among the poorest people
C) the popularity of feminist ideals among poor people
D) the recent campaign by feminists to work with the poor
E) the view that only women care about issues of poverty
Q3) How are sexuality, sex, and gender related to each other? What are the differences among these three analytical concepts?
Q4) What is the private-public dichotomy? In what kinds of societies does it occur, and in what kinds of societies is it absent? What factors contribute to its presence or absence, and what are its effects on gender roles?
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Chapter 10: Families, Kinship, and Descent
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Like bifurcate merging kinship terminology, generational kinship terminology
A) is common in North America.
B) makes sense only from the perspective of ego.
C) illustrates the complicated ways in which adults confuse their children about the realities of biology.
D) uses the same term for parents and their siblings, but lumping is more complete (there are only two terms for the parental generation).
E) uses the same term for parents and grandparents, so there is less lumping than in the bifurcate merging kinship system.
Q2) Which of the following kin types is NOT ego's lineal relative?
A) M
B) B
C) MM
D) F
E) S
Q3) Cite evidence confirming or denying the universality of the nuclear family. Give examples from different cultures. What other social units might assume the functions associated with nuclear families?
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Chapter 11: Marriage
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Sample Questions
Q1) All cultures have taboos against ________, sexual relations with someone considered to be a close relative, although precisely what constitutes a close relative varies across cultures.
A) levirate
B) sororate
C) fraternal
D) incest
E) exogamy
Q2) What is the term for the marital exchange in which the bride's family or kin group provides substantial gifts when their daughter marries?
A) polygamy
B) bridewealth
C) dowry
D) progeny price
E) brideservice
Q3) Exogamy is the practice of seeking out a mate within one's own social group.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Does the practice of paying a dowry necessarily imply gender inequality?
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Chapter 12: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following phases is NOT included in passage rites?
A) aggregation
B) authorization
C) marginality
D) separation
E) reintegration
Q2) Cargo cults, syncretic religions that mix Melanesian and Christian beliefs, are
A) culturally defined activities associated with the transition from one place or stage of life to another.
B) a religious response to the expansion of the world capitalist economy, often with political and economic consequences.
C) cultural acts that mock the widespread but erroneous belief of European cultural supremacy.
D) just like religious fundamentalism in that they are ancient cultural phenomena enjoying a rebirth in current world affairs.
E) antimodernist movements that reject anything Western.
Q3) Rites of passage involve three phases: separation, liminality, and totemism.
A)True
B)False
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Arts, Media, and Sports
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Sample Questions
Q1) To what extent can art be isolated from the person who created it? Be sure to include cross-cultural examples to support your answer.
Q2) In many non-Western societies, how are traditional manifestations of expressive culture transmitted?
A) through formal state-run schools for the arts
B) by chance
C) in families
D) through the nonproductive members of society
E) only by fully initiated adults
Q3) The study of television's impact on people's behavior, attitudes, and values is the domain of sociologists, not anthropologists.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Traditionally, art and religion occupy mutually exclusive realms in society.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In Western societies, artistic and craft specialization is based on kin groups.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: The World System and Colonialism
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Marx, the bourgeoisie is made up of the people who must sell their labor to survive.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What was the Industrial Revolution, and how did it differ from previous life in villages, towns, and cities? Why is this topic relevant to an anthropologist?
Q3) Communism has two meanings, distinguished by how they are written. Small-c communism describes a social system in which property is owned by the community and in which people work for the common good. Large-C Communism
A) is just another version of neoliberalism but in disguise.
B) is an imperial doctrine to appropriate private capital for the sake of the survival of the state.
C) is Lenin's political theory of small-c communism.
D) refers to the social aspects of small-c communism.
E) was a political movement and doctrine seeking to overthrow capitalism and establish a form of communism such as that which prevailed in the Soviet Union (the USSR) from 1917 to 1991.
Q4) What is the world system perspective, and why is it important in anthropology?
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mass media can play an important role is constructing and maintaining national and ethnic identities.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When people are asked to give up the basis of their livelihood, they usually comply, especially if they are paid money.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Diaspora refers to the hegemonic policy of dominators to isolate individuals who publicly resist from the rest of the population.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Scientists prefer the term climate change to global warming. The former term points out that, beyond rising temperatures, there have been changes in sea levels, precipitation, storms, and ecosystem effects.
A)True
B)False
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