Social and Cultural Diversity
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
This course examines the complexities of social and cultural diversity in contemporary societies, exploring the ways in which factors such as race, ethnicity, class, gender, religion, language, and sexuality shape individual identities and collective experiences. Through a multidisciplinary lens, students will analyze issues related to social inequality, cultural representation, privilege, and marginalization. The course encourages critical reflection on personal perspectives and societal structures, and promotes intercultural competence, empathy, and the development of practical skills for engaging effectively in diverse environments.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology 3rd Edition by Nancy Bonvillain
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
17 Chapters
1573 Verified Questions
1573 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3986
Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Anthropology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
92 Verified Questions
92 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80064
Sample Questions
Q1) The findings of William Rathie's Arizona Garbage Project study best supports which of the following conclusions about American society?
A) According to an analysis of landfill composition, Americans consume too much fast food.
B) Despite in-depth analysis, there was no sufficient way to estimate the types of food consumed by Americans.
C) The actual percentage of fast food packaging did not support expert estimates of fast food consumption.
D) The average American was much healthier in the 1970's than in modern times.
Answer: C
Q2) __________ is an aspect of cultural anthropology involved with building theories about cultural behaviors and forms.
A) Ethnography
B) Fieldwork
C) Ethnology
D) Curation
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 3
Chapter 2: The Nature of Culture
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
92 Verified Questions
92 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80065
Sample Questions
Q1) The principal agent(s) of globalization is/are __________.
A) multinational corporations and mass media
B) information technology
C) the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
D) genetic innovations in agricultural production
Answer: A
Q2) Hasidic families in contemporary America, who are distinguished through ethnic background and religious beliefs and practices, are considered __________.
A) insignificant
B) a race
C) a subculture
D) an ethnicity
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following is a naturalized concept in western societies?
A) That men and women are absolutely opposed gender sets.
B) That collective action is always beneficial.
C) That all persons wish to acquire greater wealth.
D) That Christianity is the only true religion.
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 4
Chapter 3: Studying Culture
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80066
Sample Questions
Q1) __________ views are objective and based on outsiders' views so that they resemble explanations by observers from another culture.
A) Emic
B) Etic
C) Structural
D) Materialist
Answer: B
Q2) Ethnohistorians are interested in __________.
A) using historical documents rather than fieldwork to do anthropology
B) constructing a global cultural world history based on the HRAF
C) reconstructing and interpreting the history of indigenous peoples from their point of view
D) creating a more scientific basis for the study of cultural histories
Answer: C
Q3) Before fieldwork can begin, an anthropologist must __________.
A) choose a research problem
B) gather the majority of their data off-site
C) interpret the majority of their data
D) choose a field site in a remote, foreign location
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: Language and Culture
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
94 Verified Questions
94 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80067
Sample Questions
Q1) __________ are rudimentary languages that have a simplified grammar and a limited vocabulary.
A) Pidgins
B) Creoles
C) Lingua francas
D) Dialects
Q2) Because they can signal the presence and direction of food, some nonhuman primate call systems may contain a limited form of __________.
A) displacement
B) productivity
C) signaling
D) symbolism
Q3) Learning Lodge participants believe language is essential for the survival of a tribe. Why?
A) without a language to speak there is no culture
B) people within the tribe will not be able to communicate without language
C) indigenous languages are important for the public to learn
D) Culture is based on language
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
6
Chapter 5: Learning Ones Culture
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80068
Sample Questions
Q1) The Western model of education is based strongly on __________.
A) group learning
B) individual achievement
C) students' supreme authority
D) homeschooling
Q2) Research on the Warm Springs Reservation in Oregon found that Native American children did not ask or answer questions in class because __________.
A) they found it difficult to be inside all day
B) they found the standard subjects taught uninteresting
C) their socialization prevented them from distinguishing themselves from their classmates
D) there were language barriers with the non-Native teachers
Q3) Much vocational training in non-industrial countries takes place through __________.
A) children attending short cooperative programs
B) informally, by watching older siblings and adults
C) primary school only
D) apprenticeships
Q4) What is an initiation rite and what does it serve? Give an example.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Making a Living
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80069
Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is the basis of social etiquette in most foraging societies.
A) Conflict avoidance
B) Family cohesiveness
C) Contact avoidance
D) Communal sharing
Q2) How does the gender distribution of labor and the ability to own property affect gender relations across cultures and subsistence strategies?
Q3) Which subsistence strategy yields the highest fertility rates?
A) horticulture
B) foraging
C) pastoralism
D) agriculture
Q4) The __________ is the number of people who can be sustained by the resources and environment in which they live.
A) scale
B) sustainability
C) resource scarcity
D) carrying capacity
Q5) What are some of the worldwide effects of industrialized agriculture?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: Economic Systems
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80070
Sample Questions
Q1) Distribution of food, especially meat, in forager societies would be defined as
A) barter
B) balanced reciprocity
C) generalized reciprocity
D) exchange
Q2) Compare and contrast subsistence strategies among foraging, pastoral, horticulture, and agricultural societies.
Q3) Genetic engineering has become standard, but controversial because of __________.
A) the potential danger due to manipulation of genetic codes for foodstuffs and introduction of harmful substances
B) disease born illnesses
C) bruising of produce
D) increased use of hormones
Q4) Summarize the 2002 report by the International Labor Office on the status of child labor in the world.
Q5) Explain how changes in economic systems lead to status differences and social inequalities.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: Kinship and Descent
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
92 Verified Questions
92 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80071
Sample Questions
Q1) In Ganda society, each clan is associated with particular __________.
A) animals
B) elders
C) mothers
D) ancestors
Q2) What is bilateral kinship? What advantages does it offer to foraging societies?
Industrialized societies?
Q3) The matrilineal Dine's tradition of exogamy rules that exclude marriage within both the mother's and the father's lineages may be evidence of former __________.
A) patrilineal descent reckoning
B) parallel descent reckoning
C) ambilineal descent reckoning
D) bilateral descent reckoning
Q4) Bilateral descent is adaptive for people in which type of society because it functions to loosen kinship ties?
A) industrial
B) horticultural
C) communist
D) dictatorships
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Marriage and the Family
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80072
Sample Questions
Q1) "Dowry death" is __________.
A) the murder or suicide of a new bride because the groom's family is unhappy with the size of the dowry received
B) the murder of a new bride committed by her own parents because they are unable to pay her dowry
C) the murder of a new bride committed by her mother-in-law
D) the murder of a new bride because she cannot bear children
Q2) In extremely patriarchal societies, __________ may be grounds for divorce.
A) a wife's desire for a divorce
B) a wife not producing a son
C) mutual agreement for divorce
D) a wife's family's request for their daughter's return
Q3) Which kinds of societies tend to have the most flexible attitudes toward divorce?
A) foraging and horticultural societies
B) agricultural and intensive agricultural societies
C) pastoral and industrial societies
D) foraging and pastoral societies
Q4) What are the benefits of arranged marriages? Why is divorce often discouraged in arranged marriages?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Gender
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
92 Verified Questions
92 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80073
Sample Questions
Q1) Which African society combines patrilineal descent and residence with female property rights?
A) Maasai
B) Igbo
C) Turkana
D) Ju/'hoansi
Q2) In addition to clothing or hair styles, what behaviors help distinguish men from women?
A) body language
B) morals
C) intelligence
D) beliefs
Q3) __________ denotes the biological differences between males and females.
A) Gender
B) Gender constructs
C) Evolutionary psychology
D) Sex
Q4) Cross-culturally, what types of tasks are more usually performed by men? By women? What types of tasks are more likely to have variable gender assignments across cultures? How might these patterns be explained?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Equality and Inequality
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80074
Sample Questions
Q1) The caste system in India unites hundreds of distinct groupings into __________ varna, or large groups.
A) four
B) six
C) seven
D) nine
Q2) Research in Belgium by Jef van der Broeck revealed what differences in middle-class and working-class speech patterns?
A) Middle-class speakers use the same amount of sentence complexity as working-class speakers, but a larger vocabulary.
B) There was almost no difference in middle-class and working-class speech in Belgium, which is highly unusual.
C) Working-class speakers are more likely to use unusual word choices in order to impress others when they feel uncomfortable because of class differences.
D) Middle-class and working-class sentence complexity is the same for informal speech, but in formal speech situations, middle-class speakers use more complex sentences.
Q3) Explain the concept of a ranked society using the Samoans as your example.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 13
Chapter 12: Political Systems
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80075
Sample Questions
Q1) Tribal societies tend to differ from band societies in which of the following ways?
A) Tribal leaders have considerable coercive power over members.
B) There are more formalized organizational procedures.
C) Tribal societies are not egalitarian.
D) Tribal chiefs are successful due to an over centralization of power.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a chiefdom society?
A) they are a surplus-producing economy
B) they are nomadic, relying upon foraging for sustenance
C) they are stratified societies, organized by kinship
D) they have some degree of centralized authority
Q3) In the Tiwi kinship system all clans are exogamous. This means that a member of one clan is most likely to marry __________.
A) their sibling
B) a member of a different clan
C) a member of their own clan
D) an older individual
Q4) What cultural correlates may be expected to be present in societies with band level organization? Can you think of a group or subculture in our own society with these same attributes?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Conflict and Conflict Resolution
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
92 Verified Questions
92 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80076
Sample Questions
Q1) A common cause of violence in tribal societies is __________.
A) vengeance and feuding
B) political maneuvering
C) disputes over leadership succession
D) trade warfare
Q2) A Toraja pattern of behavior that regulates conflict is __________.
A) avoidance of people with whom there are disputes
B) formalized arguments that serve as courts
C) band level community size
D) shouting matches which are limited to the village's public square
Q3) __________ anthropologists have been heavily involved in aiding indigenous peoples to seek redress for harms done to them by states and corporations.
A) Cultural
B) Biological
C) Legal
D) Linguistic
Q4) How are wars between states different from wars as practiced by any other form of society? How does civil war affect violence in state societies?
Q5) Describe how conflicts are resolved in Semai society in Malaysia.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 14: Religion
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
92 Verified Questions
92 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80077
Sample Questions
Q1) After her husband's death, a widow in what type of society is NOT expected to remarry?
A) matriarchal
B) unilineal
C) patrilineal
D) patriarchal
Q2) __________ are part-time religious specialists who make contact with the spirit world through prayer, ritual, and trance.
A) Oracles
B) Diviners
C) Shamans
D) Mediums
Q3) Monotheistic religions are prevalent in societies that __________.
A) are tribal
B) are egalitarian
C) have a supreme ruler
D) have ritual specialists
Q4) Discuss globalization's influence on the global spread of fundamentalism.
Q5) How are Islam, Christianity, and Judaism different from one another?
Q6) Give five functions of religion in society with an example for each.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: The Arts
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80078
Sample Questions
Q1) African and Asian artistic traditions have __________ Western art since the nineteenth century.
A) influenced
B) not influenced
C) been influenced by
D) not been influenced by
Q2) Oral literature includes __________.
A) the stories people tell about their lives
B) stories about the sacred past
C) secular histories
D) anything spoken within a group can be used
Q3) The story of Mataora relates the origins of the Maori art of __________.
A) painting
B) tattooing
C) song chanting
D) wood carving
Q4) What are the commonalities and differences between oral and written literature?
Q5) What are the four key characteristics suggested by anthropologist Richard Anderson to define art? Discuss why these characteristics are important in defining art.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: Colonialism and Cultural Transformations
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
92 Verified Questions
92 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80079
Sample Questions
Q1) Trade relations that led to the settlement of formerly nomadic peoples near trading posts were most common in __________.
A) Spanish California
B) New England
C) the Gulf Coast
D) the Arctic and Canada
Q2) The pre-Columbian population of Mexico is estimated to have been __________ in 1519.
A) 12 million
B) 16 million
C) 24 million
D) 30 million
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a change experienced by areas of Africa affected by the slave trade?
A) a strengthening of patrilineal systems
B) competition among elites for control of the slave trade
C) the disruption of community and kin networks for subsistence and labor
D) it ended all "ethnic" or "tribal" conflicts, political instability, and civil wars in African countries
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 18
Chapter 17: Living in a Global World
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80080
Sample Questions
Q1) Some theorists, including Jonathon Friedman, have suggested that a new global identity is emerging that is based primarily on __________.
A) religion
B) race
C) nationality
D) class
Q2) In recent decades, the policies of the Mexican government __________.
A) have increased the competitiveness of indigenous farmers
B) have returned considerable land to the control of indigenous groups
C) have favored wealthy farmers and ranchers over indigenous farmers
D) have resettled indigenous people out of urban areas
Q3) What are the promises and dangers to indigenous peoples of ecotourism?
Q4) In the late twentieth century, indigenous communities' struggles for self-determination around the world have __________.
A) suffered
B) become unnecessary
C) been ignored
D) been revitalized
Q5) Why did the genocide in of 1994 occur in Rwanda?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 19