Simulation and Modeling Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Simulation and Modeling is a course that explores the principles and techniques used to replicate real-world systems and processes using mathematical and computational models. The course covers the development, validation, and analysis of simulation models, emphasizing both discrete-event and continuous simulation methods. Students learn to identify appropriate modeling approaches for different scenarios, understand the trade-offs involved in simulation design, and use simulation software tools to create and analyze complex systems. Applications span diverse fields including engineering, business, healthcare, and social sciences, enabling students to make data-driven decisions and predictions based on simulated outcomes.
Recommended Textbook Spreadsheet Modeling and Decision Analysis 7th Edition by Cliff Ragsdale
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Modeling and Decision Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Solutions to which of the following categories of modeling techniques indicate a course of action to the decision maker?
A)Descriptive models
B)Predictive models
C)Prescriptive models
D)Preventive models
Answer: C
Q2) In a spreadsheet,input cells correspond conceptually to A)dependent variables.
B)functions.
C)independent variables.
D)output cells.
Answer: C
Q3) Beneficial uses of the testing process include all of the following except:
A)double checking the validity the model.
B)finding that some important assumption has been left out of the model.
C)giving no new insights into the nature of the problem.
D)improving solutions after the implementation step.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Introduction to Optimization and Linear Programming
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Sample Questions
Q1) Linear programming problems have
A)linear objective functions,non-linear constraints.
B)non-linear objective functions,non-linear constraints.
C)non-linear objective functions,linear constraints.
D)linear objective functions,linear constraints.
Answer: D
Q2) For an infeasible problem,the feasible region:
A)is an empty set
B)has infinite number of feasible solutions
C)has only one optimal solution
D)is unbounded
Answer: A
Q3) Solve the following LP problem graphically by enumerating the corner points.
MIN: <sup>8 X</sup><sub>1 </sub><sup>+ 3 X</sup><sub>2</sub>
Subject to: <sup>X</sup><sub>2 </sub><sup> 8</sup>
8 X<sub>1 </sub>+ 5 X<sub>2 </sub> 80
3 X<sub>1 </sub>+ 5 X<sub>2 </sub> 60 X<sub>1</sub>,X<sub>2 </sub> 0
Answer: Obj = 48
X<sub>1 </sub>= 0
X<sub>2 </sub>= 16
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Modeling and Solving Lp Problems in a Spreadsheet
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Sample Questions
Q1) Refer to Exhibit 3.5.What formula should be entered in cell C18 in the accompanying Excel spreadsheet to compute the quarterly carrying costs?
A)=C15*C3+C6
B)=C15*C3+C6)
C)=C15*C3/2
D)=C15*C3+C6)/2
Answer: D
Q2) A company needs to purchase several new machines to meet its future production needs.It can purchase three different types of machines A,B,and C.Each machine A costs $80,000 and requires 2,000 square feet of floor space.Each machine B costs $50,000 and requires 3,000 square feet of floor space.Each machine C costs $40,000 and requires 5,000 square feet of floor space.The machines can produce 200,250 and 350 units per day respectively.The plant can only afford $500,000 for all the machines and has at most 20,000 square feet of room for the machines.The company wants to buy as many machines as possible to maximize daily production.
Formulate the LP for this problem.
Answer: 11ef2686_58c2_a8ca_ba15_c1f6002b612f_TB2205_00
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Chapter 4: Sensitivity Analysis and the Simplex Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) A manager should consider how sensitive the model is to changes in all of the following except
A)differential coefficients.
B)objective function coefficients.
C)constraint coefficients.
D)right-hand side values for constraints.
Q2) A formulation has 10 variables and 4 constraints not counting non-negativity).How many variables are basic?
A)4
B)10
C)14
D)6
Q3) The optimization technique that locates solutions in the interior of the feasible region is known as
A)sub-optimal optimization
B)sensitivity analysis
C)robust optimization
D)USET optimization
Q4) Refer to Exhibit 4.1.Are there alternate optimal solutions to this problem?
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Chapter 5: Network Modeling
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Sample Questions
Q1) A company wants to determine the optimal replacement policy for its delivery truck.New trucks cost $30,000.The company does not keep trucks longer than 2 years and has estimated the annual operating costs and trade-in values for trucks during each of the 2 years as: Age in years \(\begin{array}{lll} &0-1&1-2\\
\hline\text { Operating Cost } & \$ 15,000 & \$ 16,500 \\ \text { Trade-in Value } & \$ 20,000 & \$ 16,000 \end{array}\)
Draw the network representation of this problem
Q2) The idea that the total flow into a node must be consumed at a node and the remainder must flow out of a node is referred to as:
A)the conservation of flow principle
B)the node-arc incidence matrix
C)a directed chain
D)integrality constraint
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Chapter 6: Integer Linear Programming
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Sample Questions
Q1) A company wants to select 1 project from a set of 4 possible projects.Which of the following constraints ensures that only 1 will be selected?
A)X<sub>1 </sub>+ X<sub>2 </sub>+ X<sub>3 </sub>+ X<sub>4 </sub>= 1
B)X<sub>1 </sub>+ X<sub>2 </sub>+ X<sub>3 </sub>+ X<sub>4 </sub> 1
C)X<sub>1 </sub>+ X<sub>2 </sub>+ X<sub>3 </sub>+ X<sub>4 </sub> 1
D)X<sub>1 </sub>+ X<sub>2 </sub>+ X<sub>3 </sub>+ X<sub>4 </sub> 0
Q2) Mixed IP formulation requires that:
A)all decision variables must be integer
B)the optimal objective function value must be integer
C)some decision variables must be integer
D)some decision variables and the optimal value of the objective function must be integer
Q3) The concept of a lower bound in IP is associated with:
A)LP relaxation of a minimization problem
B)LP relaxation of a maximization problem
C)a cutting plane technique
D)explicit enumeration of corner point solutions
Q4) Refer to Exhibit 6.1.What formula should go in cell D15 of the above Excel spreadsheet?
Q5) Refer to Exhibit 6.2.What formula would go into cell E14?
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Chapter 7: Goal Programming and Multiple Objective
Optimization
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Q1) A manager wants to ensure that he does not exceed his budget by more than $1000 in a goal programming problem.If the budget constraint is the third constraint in the goal programming problem which of the following formulas will best ensure that the manager's objective is met?
A)\(\text { MIN } d_{3}^{+}\)
B)\(\mathrm{d}_{3}^{-} \geq 1000\)
C)\(\mathrm{d}_{3}{ }^{+}=1000\)
D)\(\mathrm{d}_{3}{ }^{+} \leq 1000\)
Q2) Refer to Exhibit 7.3.Which value should the investor change,and in what direction,if he wants to reduce the risk of the portfolio?
A)D11,increase
B)D12,increase
C)C12,increase
D)D12,decrease
Q3) MINIMAX solutions to multi-objective linear programming MOLP)problems are
A)dually optimal.
B)Pareto optimal.
C)suboptimal.
D)maximally optimal.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Nonlinear Programming and Evolutionary Optimization
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Sample Questions
Q1) The total annual cost for the economic order quantity model is
A)purchase cost + ordering cost + holding cost.
B)fixed ordering cost + holding cost.
C)purchase cost + fixed ordering cost.
D)unit cost + variable ordering cost + holding cost.
Q2) The main difference between linear LP)and nonlinear programming problems NLP)is that
A)NLP may have a nonlinear objective function
B)All constraints in NLP must be nonlinear
C)No interaction terms are allowed in NLP
D)Only one constraint in NLP can be nonlinear
Q3) Refer to Exhibit 8.2.The company wishes to have a relatively square building.Thus,they wish neither the building length nor the building width exceed the other by more than 25%.Add constraints)to enforce this design constraint.
Q4) The GRG algorithm terminates when it
A)has completed 100 iterations.
B)has reached the global optimal solution.
C)when it detects no feasible direction for improvement.
D)when it reaches the steepest gradient.
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Chapter 9: Regression Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) The forecasting model that makes use of the least squares method is called
A)regression
B)naive approach
C)moving average
D)exponential smoothing
Q2) Why do we create a scatter plot of the data in regression analysis?
A)To compute the error terms.
B)Because Excel calculates the function from the scatter plot.
C)To visually check for a relationship between X and Y.
D)To estimate predicted values.
Q3) What is the correct range for R<sup>2</sup><sup> </sup>values?
A) 1 R<sup>2</sup><sup> </sup> 0)
B) 1 R<sup>2</sup><sup> </sup> 1)
C)0 R<sup>2</sup><sup> </sup> 1)
D)0 R<sup>2</sup><sup> </sup> .5)
Q4) In time series regression analysis
A)the dependent variable represents time
B)the independent variable represents time
C)the sign of slope,b,is usually negative
D)the sign of slope,b,is usually positive
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Data Mining
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose that two variables are found to be significantly correlated.A researcher may
A)remove one variable from the data set
B)replace the two variables by their product
C)replace the two variables by their squared difference
D)remove both variables from the data set
Q2) _ and must be chosen each time a partition is subdivided
A)an independent variable and splitting value
B)a dependent variable and cutoff value
C)a significance level and an upper bound
D)a significance level and a lower bound
Q3) Suppose that the observations are partitioned into m groups in equal proportion.The entropy measure for this situation is equal to
A)log<sub>2</sub>m)
B)0.25
C)0.5
D)1
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Chapter 11: Time Series Forecasting
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Sample Questions
Q1) Refer to Exhibit 11.7.What formula should be entered in cell F4 to compute the trend when using Holt's method?
A)=$J$3*D4+1-$J$3)*E3+F3)
B)=$J$4*E4-E3)+1-$J$4)*F3
C)=$J$4*E4-E3)+1-$J$4)*G3
D)=$J$4*G3+1-$J$4)*D3+G3)
Q2) Refer to Exhibit 11.10.What is the Input Y Range in the Regression command settings dialog box?
A)B3:B14
B)C3:C14
C)D3:D14
D)E3:E14
Q3) Refer to Exhibit 11.10.What is the Input X Range in the Regression command settings dialog box?
A)B3:B14
B)C3:C14
C)C3:D14
D)C3:E14
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Chapter 12: Introduction to Simulation Using Analytic Solver
Platform
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Sample Questions
Q1) What function should be used for generating random numbers between 1 and 12 from a continuous uniform distribution?
Q2) A good way to fit the distribution to historical patterns when historical data is available is to
A)use the Fit icon in the Tools group of the Analytic Solver Platform
B)guess the distribution parameters
C)assume that the data distribution is Normal
D)assume that the data distribution is Weibull
Q3) Using the information in Exhibit 12.4,what Analytic Solver Platform function should be used in cell C10 to determine the number of Passengers to Board?
A)=PsiBinomial$C$8,1-$C$6)
B)=PsiBinomial1-$C$6,$C$8)
C)=PsiBinomial$C$8,$C$6)
D)=PsiBinomial$C$6,$C$8)
Q4) Uncertainty
A)is the most difficult thing about decision-making
B)simplifies decision-making
C)is easy to capture with computers
D)requires the use of quantitative models for supporting decision-making
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Chapter 13: Queuing Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) A doctor's office only has 8 chairs.The doctor's service times and customer inter-arrival times are exponentially distributed.What type of system is it?
A)M/M/1
B)M/M/8
C)M/M/1 with Finite Queue
D)M/M/1 with Finite Population
Q2) Refer to Exhibit 13.5.Based on this report how long does a computer user have to wait for his/her job to be completed?
Q3) Which of the following is the typical operating characteristic for the probability an arriving unit has to wait for service?
A)W<sub>p</sub>
B)P<sub>0</sub>
C)P<sub>w</sub>
D)P<sub>n</sub>
Q4) Refer to Exhibit 13.5.Based on this report what is the average number of jobs waiting to be printed?
Q5) Refer to Exhibit 13.6.Based on this report what is the average number of students waiting to be helped?
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Chapter 14: Decision Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a graphical representation of decision trees the event nodes are represented by A)squares
B)circles
C)solid dots
D)ovals
Q2) Refer to Exhibit 14.12.What is the decision maker's risk premium for this problem?
Q3) Refer to Exhibit 14.11.What formula should go in cell C13 of the probability table?
Q4) The minimum EOL in a decision problem will always
A)exceed the EVPI.
B)be less than the EVPI.
C)equal the EVPI.
D)equal the EMV.
Q5) Refer to Exhibit 14.12.What is the expected value of Alternative 2 for this decision maker?
Q6) Refer to Exhibit 14.12.What is the decision maker's certainty equivalent for this problem?
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Chapter 15: Project Management Online
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Q1) The purpose of the backward pass in the Critical Path Method CPM)technique is to
A)review each of the precedence relationships in the activity network.
B)calculate the slack time within each node on the activity network.
C)determine the earliest time each activity can start and finish.
D)determine the latest time each activity can start and finish.
Q2) Refer to Exhibit 15.4.Manually determine the earliest and latest start and finish times for each activity and the amount of slack for each activity.What is the critical path for the project and how long should it take to complete it?
Q3) Refer to Exhibit 15.2.What formula is placed in cell G5 to calculate the Latest Start Time?
A)H5 ? G5
B)F5 ? G5
C)H5 ? D5
D)F5 ? D5
Q4) Refer to Exhibit 15.4.Draw the CPM network for this problem.Use AON notation.
Q5) Refer to Exhibit 15.6.Is it necessary to draw an arc from the node for activity F to the node for activity I?
Q6) Refer to Exhibit 15.5.What formula should go in cell H3 of the Costs spreadsheet to compute Crash Cost Per Day?
Page 17
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