Science and Society Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Science and Society explores the dynamic interaction between scientific developments and the broader social, cultural, and ethical contexts in which they occur. The course examines how scientific knowledge is created, validated, and communicated, and how science both shapes and is shaped by societal values, public policy, and technological innovation. Through historical case studies, contemporary issues, and critical analysis, students investigate the mutual influences between science and diverse aspects of society including politics, economics, education, and the environment developing a nuanced understanding of the responsibilities of scientists and the role of public engagement in the advancement of science.
Recommended Textbook
The Physical Universe 15th Edition by Konrad Krauskopf
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Scientific Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which one or more of the following is the earth assumed to be the center of the universe?
A)The Ptolemaic system.
B)The Copernican system.
C)Kepler's laws of planetary motion.
D)Newton's law of gravity.
Answer: A
Q2) The time at which a given star rises above the horizon each night is
A)earlier than the night before.
B)the same as the night before.
C)later than the night before.
D)Any of the choices, depending on which star is involved.
Answer: A
Q3) If the earth were to revolve on its axis slower than it does today, its shape
A)would be closer to a perfect sphere.
B)would be farther from a perfect sphere.
C)and size would be unchanged.
D)would not change but it would expand in size.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The speed of an object moving in a circle is doubled.The centripetal force needed is
A)one-quarter as much as before.
B)half as much as before.
C)twice as much as before.
D)four times as much as before.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following units could be associated with a vector quantity?
A)km/s<sup>2</sup>.
B)kg/s.
C)hours.
D)m<sup>3</sup>.
Answer: A
Q3) The escape speed needed for an object to leave the earth permanently A)depends on its mass.
B)is less than the minimum speed it needs to become an earth satellite.
C)is equal to the minimum speed it needs to become an earth satellite.
D)is more than the minimum speed it needs to become an earth satellite.
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a skater pulls in her arms to turn faster, her angular momentum
A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains the same.
D)Any of these choices, depending on circumstances.
Answer: C
Q2) A 1-N weight has a KE of 1 J when its speed is
A)0.45 m/s.
B)1 m/s.
C)1.4 m/s.
D)4.4 m/s.
Answer: D
Q3) A 2-kg book is held 1 m above the floor for 50 s.The work done is A)0.
B)10.2 J.
C)100 J.
D)980 J.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Energy and the Future
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Sample Questions
Q1) The two countries together responsible for about 40 percent of the world's carbon dioxide emissions are
A)the United States and China.
B)the United States and India.
C)the United States and Russia.
D)China and Russia.
Q2) In a good wind, a modern large wind turbine might have a power output of A)2 kW.
B)20 kW.
C)200 kW.
D)2000 kW.
Q3) Methane is the chief constituent of A)natural gas.
B)gasoline.
C)diesel fuel.
D)ethanol.
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Chapter 5: Matter and Heat
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order for an object to sink when placed in water, the object's average density must be
A)less than that of water.
B)equal to that of water.
C)more than that of water.
D)Any of these choices are correct, depending on the object's shape.
Q2) The pressure at the bottom of a barrel filled with liquid does not depend on the A)acceleration of gravity.
B)liquid density.
C)height of the liquid.
D)area of the liquid surface.
Q3) The maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine
A)is 100%.
B)depends on the intake temperature.
C)depends on the difference between the exhaust and intake temperatures.
D)depends on the ratio between the exhaust and intake temperatures.
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Chapter 6: Electricity and Magnetism
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Sample Questions
Q1) A magnet does not exert a force on
A)an unmagnetized iron bar.
B)a magnetized iron bar.
C)a stationary electric charge.
D)a moving electric charge.
Q2) When a magnetized iron bar is strongly heated, its magnetic field
A)becomes weaker.
B)becomes stronger.
C)reverses its direction.
D)is unchanged.
Q3) The electrons in an atom
A)are bound to it permanently.
B)are some distance away from the nucleus.
C)have more mass than the nucleus.
D)may be positively or negatively charged.
Q4) If undisturbed, an electric current in a superconducting wire loop
A)will decrease to a stop in a few seconds.
B)will decrease to a stop in a day or two.
C)will continue indefinitely.
D)will gradually increase.
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Chapter 7: Waves
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Sample Questions
Q1) Relative to its object, a real image formed by a lens is always A)erect.
B)inverted.
C)smaller.
D)larger.
Q2) The ionosphere
A)reflects radio waves.
B)is responsible for the blue color of the sky.
C)is responsible for rainbows.
D)is caused by the exhausts of high-altitude aircraft.
Q3) The amplitude of a sound wave determines its A)loudness.
B)pitch.
C)wavelength.
D)overtones.
Q4) Sound waves travel fastest in A)a vacuum.
B)gases.
C)liquids.
D)solids.
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Chapter 8: The Nucleus
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most known nuclides
A)are stable.
B)are radioactive.
C)can undergo fission.
D)have more nuclear mass than the total mass of their constituent nucleons.
Q2) The electromagnetic waves emitted by a nucleus are called A)ultraviolet rays.
B)X-rays.
C)gamma rays.
D)quarks.
Q3) After 2 h has elapsed, one-sixteenth of the original quantity of a certain radionuclide remains undecayed.The half-life of this radionuclide is
A)15 min.
B)30 min.
C)45 min.
D)60 min.
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Chapter 9: The Atom
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Sample Questions
Q1) A p orbital
A)is spherical in shape.
B)is shaped like a doughnut.
C)has two lobes.
D)has six lobes.
Q2) An increase in the voltage applied to an X-ray tube causes an increase in the X-rays' A)wavelength.
B)speed.
C)energy.
D)number.
Q3) If Planck's constant were smaller than it is, A)moving bodies would have longer wavelengths.
B)moving bodies would have lower speeds.
C)the uncertainty principle would be less significant. D)photons would have higher energies.
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Chapter 10: The Periodic Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nitrate ion has the formula NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>.The formula of mercury(II) nitrate is
A)HgNO<sub>3</sub>.
B)Hg<sub>2</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>.
C)Hg(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.
D)Hg<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.
Q2) The number of H<sub>2</sub>O molecules needed to react with 1 atom of Be to form H<sub>2</sub> and Ba(OH)<sub>2</sub> is A)1.
B)2. C)4. D)8.
Q3) A vertical column in the periodic table is called a A)shell. B)subshell.
C)group. D)period.
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Chapter 11: Crystals, Ions, and Solutions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A solution of table salt, NaCl, in water is
A)acidic.
B)basic.
C)neutral.
D)Any of these choices could be correct, depending on the concentration.
Q2) The chief ions in seawater are
A)H<sup>+</sup> and OH<sup>-</sup>.
B)Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup>.
C)Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup>.
D)K<sup>+</sup> and SO<sup>2-</sup>.
Q3) The individual particles in a covalent solid are held together as a result of
A)electron transfer between adjacent atoms.
B)electron sharing between adjacent atoms.
C)the attraction of polar molecules.
D)a gas of freely moving electrons.
Q4) Which of the following would you expect to be a strong electrolyte in solution?
A)NaCl
B)AgCl
C)acetic acid
D)soap
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Chemical Reactions
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Sample Questions
Q1) An example of an exothermic process is the A)dissociation of a salt in water solution.
B)neutralization of an acid by a base.
C)electrolysis of water.
D)melting of ice.
Q2) The decomposition of an unstable compound usually A)occurs only at low temperatures.
B)requires a catalyst to occur.
C)is endothermic.
D)is exothermic.
Q3) An example of slow oxidation is A)a lighted candle.
B)the rusting of iron.
C)the lighting of a match.
D)a log burning in a fireplace.
Q4) Chemical reactions that give off energy are called A)endothermic.
B)exothermic.
C)activated.
D)oxidation-reduction.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Organic Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) The reaction of an alcohol with an organic acid produces A)a ketone.
B)an ester.
C)a protein.
D)an aldehyde.
Q2) Plants store energy in the form of A)cellulose.
B)starch.
C)DNA.
D)glycogen.
Q3) In organic chemistry, an aromatic compound
A)has a pronounced odor.
B)consists only of alkane molecules.
C)has benzene rings in its molecules.
D)does not have benzene rings in its molecules.
Q4) Ethanol
A)is also known as methyl alcohol.
B)is not poisonous.
C)has OH groups in its molecules.
D)ionizes when added to water.
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Chapter 14: Atmosphere and Hydrosphere
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Sample Questions
Q1) Westerly winds are characteristic of the
A)middle latitudes of the northern hemisphere only.
B)middle latitudes of the southern hemisphere only.
C)middle latitudes of both hemispheres.
D)trade-wind belts of both hemispheres.
Q2) The cloud streaks left by aircraft at high altitudes consist of A)water droplets.
B)ice crystals.
C)carbon dioxide crystals.
D)unburned fuel.
Q3) Of the following gases, the most abundant in the atmosphere is A)oxygen.
B)nitrogen.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)argon.
Q4) Stable weather is associated with A)cyclones.
B)anticyclones.
C)cold fronts.
D)warm fronts.
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Chapter 15: The Rock Cycle
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Sample Questions
Q1) An earthquake occurs far from an observing station.
A)The last waves to arrive are P waves.
B)The last waves to arrive are S waves.
C)The last waves to arrive are surface waves.
D)All the waves arrive at the same time.
Q2) A crystalline form of silicon dioxide is A)quartz.
B)mica.
C)feldspar.
D)calcite.
Q3) Which one of the following statements concerning minerals is not true?
A)Each mineral has crystals of a distinctive shape.
B)Minerals are crystalline solids.
C)Minerals have specific chemical compositions.
D)Most of the known minerals are common in nature.
Q4) Marble is the result of the metamorphosis of A)shale.
B)basalt.
C)granite.
D)limestone.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The Evolving Earth
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Sample Questions
Q1) The leading explanation for the disappearance of the dinosaurs ascribes it to A)an Ice Age.
B)an asteroid impact.
C)solar ultraviolet radiation.
D)hunting by early humans.
Q2) Paleozoic rocks are noteworthy for the presence of
A)dinosaur fossils.
B)fossils of early humans.
C)coal deposits.
D)radiocarbon deposits.
Q3) Each of the following elements has at least one radioactive isotope.Which is not useful in geochronology?
A)Potassium.
B)Rubidium.
C)Uranium.
D)Plutonium.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: The Solar System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Comets consist largely of A)hydrogen.
B)iron.
C)ice and dust.
D)rocks.
Q2) A planet that has phases like those of the moon is
A)Venus.
B)Mars.
C)Jupiter.
D)Saturn.
Q3) Relative to the oldest rocks that have been found on the earth, the oldest lunar rocks are
A)very much younger.
B)somewhat younger.
C)about the same age.
D)older.
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Page 19
Chapter 18: The Stars
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Sample Questions
Q1) A gamma-ray burst is a short, intense flood of gamma rays
A)from the sun.
B)from the black hole at the center of our galaxy.
C)from a nearby neutron star.
D)that may have caused biological extinctions in the past.
Q2) The smallest of the following celestial objects is
A)a white dwarf.
B)a neutron star.
C)a planetary nebula.
D)the earth.
Q3) There is a surprisingly small variation among stellar A)temperatures.
B)diameters.
C)densities.
D)masses.
Q4) A large modern astronomical telescope
A)is designed for high magnifications.
B)uses a single lens.
C)uses a single mirror.
D)uses a number of smaller mirrors.
Page 20
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Chapter 19: The Universe
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Sample Questions
Q1) Globular clusters of stars
A)are uniformly distributed throughout the universe.
B)are uniformly distributed throughout our galaxy.
C)are located above and below the central disk of our galaxy.
D)are located in the central disk of our galaxy.
Q2) In the past several billion years the rate of expansion of the universe has
A)been constant.
B)decreased.
C)increased.
D)varied irregularly.
Q3) The Milky Way is a A)globular duster.
B)nearby galaxy.
C)galaxy with the sun at its center.
D)galaxy with the sun some distance from its center.
Q4) Dark energy
A)is the energy equivalent of dark matter.
B)is the energy of black holes.
C)is the energy of neutrinos.
D)has an unknown nature as yet.
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