School Counseling Mock Exam
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of the roles, responsibilities, and best practices of school counselors within K-12 educational settings. Students will learn theories of counseling, developmental guidance, ethical and legal issues, and the impact of diversity on student learning. The curriculum covers strategies for individual and group counseling, program development, crisis intervention, and collaboration with parents, teachers, and community agencies. Emphasis is placed on promoting academic, career, personal, and social development for all students, while addressing the unique challenges faced in contemporary schools.
Recommended Textbook
The Life Span Human Development for Helping Professionals 4th Edition by Patricia C. Broderick
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15 Chapters
532 Verified Questions
532 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Organizing Themes in Developme
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mrs.Dubois knows that her son,Andre,is very advanced in understanding math compared to his first grade peers.However,he is rather immature in his social relationships and doesn't share or interact well with classmates.His social skills are not what his mother would expect,given his advanced cognitive development in math.Piaget's term for this variation in skills is
A)hierarchical organization.
B)decalage.
C)preoperational intelligence.
D)accommodation.
Answer: B
Q2) The idea that children's development is affected by biological factors,and that biological factors are also affected by the environment and experience,is part of A)developmental stage theories
B)incremental developmental theories
C)social learning theories
D)multidimensional systems theories
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Epigenesis and the Brain: the Fundamentals of Behavioral Development
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36 Verified Questions
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Q1) Robert and Nadine both have been laid off.The couple has inadequate access to food or health care.When they realize that Nadine is pregnant,they feel desperate,and they talk to a social worker at a local clinic about their situation.The social worker is able to provide them with referrals to a food outlet,but she is unable to find a prenatal care clinic that provides free services in their neighborhood.Considering the effects of multiple risk factors,what is the most likely potential value of the social worker's efforts?
A)The fewer risk factors the better,so their unborn child is likely to be better off even with the limited help the social worker provided.
B)Their unborn child is not likely to be benefited by eliminating only one risk factor.
C)The unborn child might have been benefited if prenatal care were found,but improving prenatal nutrition is not important.
D)The health care and stress factors will only be important after the child is born.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Cognitive Development in the Early
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does the research on symbolic artifacts discussed in this chapter suggest about how children's cognition develops? ,
Answer: A symbolic artifact is an analogical symbol,such as a picture or map,which stands for something other than itself.The dual nature of symbolic artifacts is problematic for young children.Symbolic artifacts are both concrete things themselves and symbols for other things.Research shows that young children often have difficulty holding more than one idea in mind simultaneously.In one study,researchers found that children's understanding of pictures reveals that if a picture is realistic,like a photograph,9-month-olds try to pick up on the objects in the picture.Eighteen-month-olds are indifferent to whether a picture is right side up or upside down.Even two-year-olds have difficulties choosing which picture represents a real object.The inability to process symbolic artifacts helps us to understand why young preschoolers struggle with tasks like watching television characters and dealing with scale models or miniature dolls in research studies.
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Chapter 4: Emotional Development in the Early Years
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true about breastfeeding as compared to bottle-feeding?
A)Breastfeeding guarantees that the infant will be securely attached to the mother.
B)Breast milk contains beneficial disease antibodies and growth hormones not contained in formulas.
C)Breastfeeding has no real advantages because modern formulas have all of the ingredients of breast milk.
D)Breastfeeding is associated with less secure attachments.
Q2) In Bowlby's attachment theory,which of the following represents a primary outcome of the formation of attachments in infancy?
A)A working model of self,of others,and of relationships.
B)Basic trust in others,but not a sense of self or of relationships.
C)A sense of the power structure of a family.
D)A belief in God.
Q3) Discuss at least three reasons why attachment theory and research has special significance for helping professionals.,
Q4) Discuss the possible role of maternal depression in the development of emotion regulation in infants.,
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Chapter 5: The Emerging Self and Socialization in the Early Years
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37 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following emotions develops only after a child has a mental representation of him or herself as a separate person?
A)Anger.
B)Guilt.
C)Fear.
D)Disgust.
Q2) A family comes to a counselor with the following problem.Both parents come home from work tired.Dinner is rushed because homework time for the 3<sup>rd</sup> grade twins takes hours.Bath and bedtime have become daily battles.The parents threaten the children,but the children typically get their parents to give in.This is best described as an example of
A)coercive family patterns.
B)familial aggressive patterns.
C)instrumental reinforcement patterns.
D)negative punishment cycles.
Q3) Describe the way social referencing might explain the acquisition of certain fears in children.Page 173)
Q4) Discuss the relationship between child temperament and parent disciplinary style.,
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Realms of Cognition in Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Five-year-old Brennan was questioned by police about a babysitter Ginger)who was suspected of abusing Brennan's older sister.To encourage Brennan to reveal what he knew about Ginger,a police interviewer referred to the babysitter as a "nasty lady who does some strange things." These interviewer remarks are an example of
A)guided imagery.
B)stereotype induction.
C)working memory.
D)egocentrism.
Q2) Which of the following aspects of friendship development does Selman believe is not influenced and informed by a child's perspective taking skills?
A)Friendship understanding.
B)Friendship skills.
C)Friendship valuing.
D)The need for autonomy.
Q3) Kuhn 2000)wrote that "to study memories is to study much of cognition and cognitive development." Explain this statement,using examples of the factors which contribute to memory improvement with age to illustrate your points.,
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Chapter 7: Self and Moral Development: Middle Childhood
Through Early Adolescence
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As Selena and her friends are walking home after school they approach a corner store and see bags of candy and snacks on open shelves outside the front door.A young clerk is also outside waiting for customers.As they get closer,they see the clerk go inside the store.Selena's friends encourage her to take a bag of candy,but she refuses.According to Gilligan's theory,how would Selena,if she were an adult,most likely explain why she chose not to steal?
A)Selena would explain that her mother taught her that stealing is wrong.
B)Selena would explain that it is important to conform to authority.
C)Selena would explain that she does not steal because she believes in universal laws of justice.
D)Selena would explain that she does not steal because stealing is wrong and because it would cause harm to the shop owner.
Q2) The ability to restrain or redirect a strong impulse in order to perform a less-preferred response is called
A)emotional reactivity.
B)positive regulation.
C)conscience-oriented behavior.
D)effortful control
Q3) Develop a case study that reflects the development of an aggressive disorder.,
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Gender and Peer Relationships: Middle
Childhood Through Early Adolescence
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When data are analyzed together from a large number of different studies on the same question,like "are there sex differences in nurturing tendencies," the report is called a
A)collaborative discourse.
B)social dosage effect.
C)meta-analysis.
D)sociometric analysis.
Q2) Which of the following is more typical of boys' sex-segregated groups than of girls' sex segregated groups?
A)Boys negotiate more in their groups.
B)Boys engage in more rough-and-tumble play in their groups.
C)Boys switch leadership roles more often than girls when they play in groups.
D)Boys groups tend to be smaller than girls groups.
Q3) Suzanna is considered weird by her third grade classmates.She seems to have few social skills.On a sociometric analysis,Suzanna received no positive nominations from her classmates,and a large number of negative nominations.Explain what this sociometric assessment is and what it means.Outline what might be an effective therapeutic approach to Suzanna's difficulties.,
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Chapter 9: Physical,cognitive,and Identity Developments in Adolescence
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34 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not an illustration of formal operational thought?
A)Alyssa classifies information about the main branches of the US government by drawing a diagram of various departments within each branch.
B)Cody generates all the possible combinations of numbers from a seven digit telephone number.
C)Cai writes a paper discussing how satire is used in a popular comic strip to promote deeper thinking.
D)Farouk creates a story about a society that is free from war,suffering,and death.
Q2) Brain growth during adolescence appears to be influenced by the hormonal changes of puberty.What effects do these hormonal changes seem to have?
A)They affect the onset and offset of genes that influence cortisol levels.
B)They flow over the brain,causing a general excitation of neurons.
C)They cause an increase in blood flow to the brain.
D)They lead to secondary dimorphism of brain structures.
Q3) What are the characteristics of formal operations and how does this kind of thinking differ from concrete operational thinking? ,
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Chapter 10: The Social World of Adolescence
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Roberto,at 15,is finding that he loves to take chances.He enjoys the sensation of being on the edge of danger,whether he is trying a new drug,or riding in a car at top speed with his friends.He frequently looks to his friends before he tries something new,reasoning that if his friends aren't worried about the consequences,then he need not worry either.His reasoning reflects
A)life-course persistent anti-social behavior.
B)collective egocentrism.
C)positive self-esteem.
D)communalism.
Q2) Mr.and Mrs.Brown have consulted you about their 13-year-old daughter,Joanne.She is not doing as well academically as she always did in elementary school.She seems to be involved with a popular crowd that is quickly moving into sexual experimentation and drug use.Describe the options that Mr.and Mrs.Brown have for helping their daughter navigate her early adolescence,based on available research.,
Q3) Many large scale interventions have been designed to reduce problem behaviors in adolescence such as drinking,drug use,smoking,etc.)or to increase positive behaviors.Discuss some of the typical characteristics of the least effective and the most effective of these programs to date,based on available research.Use examples where possible.,
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Developments in Young Adults
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36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A counselor helping a young adult client with procrastination must recognize that this problem can have many sources.In young adulthood,one common developmental source is
A)relativistic thinking.
B)actuarial prediction.
C)poor self-management skills.
D)the personal fable.
Q2) Using Perry's theory,describe what processes help individuals move from dualistic to authentically relativistic thinking.,
Q3) Donna runs a day care center.After many years of hard work,the business has grown and provides a steady income.Donna's daughter,Elaine,has asked Donna to give her a loan for a down payment on a business of her own.In order to provide this loan,Donna would have to cut expenses at the day care center,including reducing staff by at least two employees.Based on what you know about Elaine,what is her stage of cognitive development according to Schaie's view of adult adjustment?
A)The fifth stage of cognitive development.
B)The acquisition stage.
C)The achieving stage.
D)The executive stage.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Socioemotional and Vocational Developments in Young Adulthood
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Andrea is an adult with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style.Consistent with her attachment style,what is most likely to be true of Andrea's romantic relationship?
A)She is likely to report a lack of trust in her relationship.
B)Her relationships are likely to be less stable than those of women with other kinds of attachment styles.
C)She is likely to feel less dependent on her relationship than women with other kinds of attachment styles.
D)She is likely to report greater trust in her partner than women with other kinds of attachment styles.
Q2) Hillary is a 19-year-old college freshman.If she is typical of most college students today,which of the following is her most important reason for attending college?
A)To get a better job.
B)To find a spouse.
C)To work on self-development.
D)To construct a philosophy of life.
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Chapter 13: Middle Adulthood: Cognitive, personality, and Social Development
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Women and men play multiple roles in their lives.What are some examples of these roles? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of taking on the responsibilities of multiple roles,and provide clear examples of these advantages and disadvantages.Include a discussion of role buffering.,
Q2) In his approach to couples therapy,Gottman encourages couples to recognize relationship problems that are the result of differences in temperament and attitudes
A)growth
B)maintenance or resilience
C)regulation of loss
D)the steady-state model
E)g.,different approaches to money)as chronic and inevitable,much like chronic physical ailments that come on as we get older.This approach is similar to ____________,one of the adaptive mechanisms described by life span developmental theorists.
Q3) Describe the factors that promote stability in adult life and those that promote change.,
Q4) Compare and contrast Erikson's view of midlife with that of Vaillant.,
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Living Well: Stress, coping, and Life Satisfaction in Adulthood
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The "American paradox" refers to
A)increases in wealth despite decreases in work time.
B)increases in rates of depression despite increases in wealth.
C)increases in religious practice despite increases in materialism.
D)decreases in rates of depression despite increases in work time
Q2) One thing that both Eastern and Western religions share is that they promote A)a belief in reincarnation.
B)the regulation of negative or destructive emotions.
C)the cultivation of strong positive emotions.
D)the practice of elaborate public rituals.
Q3) Tyrone is a 35-year-old advertising executive.Lately,he has been experiencing some physical symptoms,like shortness of breath and difficulty sleeping.He explains to a counselor that he has been having more difficulty dealing with his work and family responsibilities.A comprehensive intake interview reveals that Tyrone's mother suffered from a diagnosed affective disorder.This piece of information might indicate the presence of
A)a diathesis.
B)a low allostatic load.
C)a protective factor.
D)a recessive allele.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Gains and Losses in Late Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) When counseling the elderly,success depends on being flexible and making accommodations that meet their special needs.Discuss three ways in which flexibility may be necessary and why.,
Q2) Which of the following describes a typical stage progression in retirement,according to Atchley?
A)Honeymoon,stability,reorientation,disenchantment,termination.
B)Honeymoon,disenchantment,reorientation,stability,termination.
C)Disenchantment,honeymoon,stability,termination,reorientation.
D)There is no typical sequence for the stages of retirement.
Q3) According to research by Baltes and associates,in which decade is the growth of wisdom likely to be greatest?
A)After 75.
B)From 65 to 75.
C)From 55 to 65.
D)From 15 to 25.
Q4) Which of the following are aspects of palliative care?
A)Pain management and emotional care.
B)Life-sustaining treatments.
C)Nursing-centered care.
D)Physician-assisted suicide.
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