Retail Management Test Bank
Course Introduction
Retail Management explores the principles, strategies, and operations involved in running retail businesses successfully. The course examines the retail environment, customer behavior, merchandising, store layout, inventory management, supply chain logistics, and the use of technology in retail. Students learn about retail marketing, pricing strategies, sales promotion, and the importance of creating engaging customer experiences. Special topics include omni-channel retailing, ethical issues, and the impact of current trends such as e-commerce and globalization on the retail sector. Through real-world case studies and practical assignments, students gain the knowledge and skills necessary to pursue careers in retail management or start their own retail ventures.
Recommended Textbook
Consumer Behavior 10th Edition by Michael R. Solomon
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Chapter 1: Buying, Having, and Being
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of C2C e-commerce?
A) RFID tags
B) virtual brand communities
C) database marketing
D) green marketing
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is NOT included in the "Declaration of Consumer Rights"?
A) the right to safety
B) the right to be informed
C) the right to be guaranteed
D) the right to choice
Answer: C
Q3) In an online ________, members share opinions and recommendations about products.
A) market segment
B) consumption community
C) marketing database
D) culture jam
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ roughly means whole, pattern, or configuration; this perspective is best summarized by the saying "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts."
A) Freudian traits analysis
B) Weber's Law
C) Gestalt
D) Kinsei
Answer: C
Q2) Define the concepts of hedonic consumption and sensory marketing, and then explain how they are related.
Answer: Hedonic consumption refers to the multisensory, fantasy, and emotional aspects of consumers' interactions with products. Using sensory marketing, companies pay more attention to the impact of all five senses (vision, scent, sound, taste, and touch) on our product experiences. As incomes rise and consumer costs go down, consumers are more interested in the hedonic value of products. Therefore, marketers are more likely to use sensory marketing to increase the hedonic value of their market offerings.
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Chapter 3: Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Claudia Norman was a marketing consultant. She recommended that brand equity for a new environmentally-friendly product could be established by giving her initial customers free memberships in the Green Peace organization. Claudia used which of the following in her recommendation?
A) promotional conditioning
B) emotional learning
C) classical conditioning
D) instrumental conditioning
Answer: D
Q2) For modeling behavior to occur during observational learning, four conditions must be met. What are those conditions? Be specific in your description.
Answer: The four conditions are:
The consumer's attention must be directed to the appropriate model, which, for reasons of attractiveness, competence, status, or similarity, he must want to emulate.
The consumer must remember what the model says or does.
The consumer must convert this information into actions.
The consumer must be motivated to perform these actions.
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Chapter 4: Motivation and Global Values
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a need is aroused that the consumer wishes to satisfy, the ________ process has been activated.
A) goals
B) need
C) desire
D) motivation
Q2) Sally loved global brands. She saw them as quality products that held the "romance" of the country of origin. She never really took the time to research the companies that produced them and knew very little about the production or distribution processes of the brands. Sally would fit into which major segment for global consumers?
A) global citizens
B) global dreamers
C) antiglobals
D) global agnostics
Q3) The degree to which a person is willing to expend energy to reach one goal as opposed to another reflects his or her underlying motivation to attain that goal.
A)True
B)False
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6
Chapter 5: The Self
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lars has developed an online, multiplayer game that he thinks could be the next big hit in computer-mediated environments. Lars is in the process of looking for financial backers as he moves from the prototype of his game to the finished product. To encourage financial backers, Lars should explain that for most people interested in playing online games, the gap between real selves and ideal selves is narrowing.
A)True
B)False
Q2) People tend to pattern their behavior on the perceived expectations of others, which is a form of a self-fulfilling prophecy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Virtually any part of the body is fair game for surgical alteration. Alteration of the ________ has become increasingly popular among Japanese consumers interested in their body image.
A) navel
B) fingers (especially the thumb)
C) length of one's foot
D) ears
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Chapter 6: Personality and Psychographics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define and provide examples of the following terms: addictive consumption, compulsive consumption, and consumed consumers.
Q2) The ego is the referee in the fight between temptation and virtue.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Ad Bait Advertising Agency has a new technique for reaching consumers. It tailors its clients' ads to consumers based on consumer Internet use. Specifically, Ad Bait tracks what Web sites are visited by selected consumers and then determines what ads would be best suited to these consumers. Which of the following terms most closely matches Ad Bait's strategy for reaching consumers?
A) lifestyle research
B) personality research
C) behavioral targeting
D) personalized retargeting
Q4) There are eight categories listed in the VALS2 system. List and briefly describe each of the categories. In which of the eight categories of the VALS2 system would a rich, 60-year-old woman who is open to new ideas belong?
Q5) List the various ways that psychographic segmentation can be used.
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Chapter 7: Attitudes and Persuasion
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Sample Questions
Q1) A cola drink is preferred by a segment of cola drinkers, but the same segment almost always picks another cola brand in blind taste tests. The attitude formation for this product reflects the value-expressive function more than the utilitarian function.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A politician attempts to gain support for her campaign for mayor by releasing a poll showing that almost 70 percent of the city's voters support her position on property taxes. What basic psychological principle is the politician using to persuade voters that she should be the next mayor?
A) consistency
B) authority
C) consensus
D) liking
Q3) Why should marketers be aware of consumers' cognitive consistency and cognitive dissonance? How can dissonance be reduced? Use the postpurchase behavior of a customer as an example.
Q4) Most researchers agree that an attitude has three components. List and briefly describe those three components.
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9
Chapter 8: Decision Making
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Sample Questions
Q1) Decisions are influenced by the way a problem is posed. This is called framing.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ________ is the process by which the consumer surveys his or her environment for appropriate data to make a reasonable decision.
A) Problem recognition
B) Evaluation of alternatives
C) Information search
D) Product choice
Q3) Unless a purchase decision is risky and/or has high involvement, it is reasonable for a customer to shorten the decision process by limiting the information search and evaluation of alternative stages rather than thoroughly undertaking each step.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Traditionally, consumer researchers have approached the study of decision making from a rational perspective.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Buying and Disposing
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Sample Questions
Q1) When products basically live up to our expectations, we don't think too much about the product one way or the other; we just use the product. A model that addresses this situation is the expectancy disconfirmation model.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Wynona was impulsive. Her friends accused her of being calculating, but she thought of herself as simply an analytical thinker. She wanted what she wanted and tomorrow could take care of itself. Researchers would classify her as being a hedonic variety-seeker. Which of the following time metaphors would best capture Wynona's perspective of time?
A) Time is a pressure cooker.
B) Time is a map.
C) Time is a feast.
D) Time is a mirror.
Q3) If you were designing a large retail outlet for customers with a polychronic orientation, what would you want to provide?
Q4) A typical utilitarian shopping motive is interpersonal attraction.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Organizational and Household Decision Making
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Sample Questions
Q1) Julie wants to go back to school. It will cost a lot of money and affect Jeff, her husband. They sit down together and work out a plan that will allow Julie to finish her degree. This is an example of a(n) ________ decision.
A) autonomic
B) convergent
C) syncretic
D) family-flow
Q2) "We just got our steps done and that was a big project. The contractor would talk to my husband and not talk to me. And I said, 'Excuse me, I'm here, too!'" This is an illustration of this woman's gender convergence and need for syncretic decision-making.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is NOT one of the three distinct children markets?
A) gatekeeper market
B) influence market
C) primary market
D) future market
Q4) Explain and characterize the family life cycle concept.
Q5) What are the differences between the extended and nuclear family?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Groups and Social Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) Several research methods are used to study reference groups and opinion leadership. ________ methods trace communication patterns among members of a group. These techniques allow researchers to systematically map out the interactions that take place among group members.
A) Momentum
B) Behavioral
C) Sociometric
D) Geodemographic
Q2) Social networking is an integral part of what many call ________, which is characterized by interactive platforms that foster the creation of communities.
A) the virtual world
B) the mega Web
C) the inner Web
D) Web 2.0
Q3) One of the chief causes of the phenomenon of the risky shift effect is ________.
A) decision polarization
B) degeneration hypothesis
C) regeneration hypothesis
D) diffusion of responsibility
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Social Class and Lifestyles
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how the relationship between England's class structure and consumption has recently begun to change.
Q2) American spendthrifts outnumber American tightwads.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Social analyst Thorstein Veblen believed that we buy things to create ________. This means we use our purchases to inspire envy in others through our display of wealth or power.
A) affluenza
B) invidious distinction
C) status crystallization
D) cultural capital
Q4) The average American's standard of living continues to improve. This shift in income has been linked to two key factors. What are these factors? Provide explanatory comments on each factor.
Q5) For this question, let's assume that being physically attractive is an asset. Use the principle of hierogamy to explain how assets can be utilized to advance social class.
Q6) Explain the concept of social mobility and its various forms.
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Chapter 13: Subcultures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the "Big Three" American subcultures. Discuss size and growth characteristics.
Q2) What is a major difference between a Generation Y and a Generation X consumer?
A) Generation Y is more alienated from traditional culture than Generation X and is reached with more cynical promotional themes.
B) There are so many more members of Generation X than Generation Y that promoters had to use more mass communications with the Gen Xers and fewer one-on-one promotions.
C) There are no basic differences except what would be expected by their age differences.
D) Proportionally, less tobacco and alcohol will be purchased and consumed by Generation Y members than the Generation X cohort.
Q3) Originally, another name for Generation X was "slackers."
A)True
B)False
Q4) The term Asian refers to 20 ethnic groups, the largest of which is Chinese.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain how religion can influence consumption. Explain two examples.
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Chapter 14: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) The diffusion of innovations is a process whereby a new product, service, or idea spreads through a population.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ________ usually dictate what is right or wrong, acceptable or unacceptable.
A) Myths
B) Theories
C) Norms
D) Rituals
Q3) Define rites of passage and indicate the various stages of role transition that can occur. Give at least two examples of rites of passage.
Q4) A ________ is a custom with a strong moral overtone.
A) more
B) superstition
C) convention
D) monomyth
Q5) Use the example of a political campaign to discuss the relationship between various cultural formulas and reality engineering.
Q6) Define monomyth. Give an illustration.
Page 16
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