Course Introduction
Respiratory Therapy Final
Test Solutions
Respiratory Therapy is a comprehensive course designed to provide students with the foundational knowledge and practical skills required to assess, manage, and treat patients with acute and chronic respiratory disorders. The course explores topics such as the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system, cardiopulmonary diagnostics, airway management, mechanical ventilation, and therapeutic interventions for various pulmonary conditions. Emphasis is placed on the principles of patient assessment, infection control, and evidence-based clinical decision-making. Through a combination of lectures, laboratory sessions, and clinical practice, students are prepared for professional roles in hospitals and other healthcare settings where respiratory care is essential.
Recommended Textbook
Integrated Cardiopulmonary Pharmacology 3rd Edition by Bruce J. Colbert
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Page 2
Chapter 1: General Pharmacologic Principles
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Sample Questions
Q1) A cell that becomes less responsive to a drug after exposure over time is a condition called:
A)Tolerance.
B)Desensitization.
C)Dependence.
D)Low therapeutic index.
Answer: B
Q2) In order for drugs to be effective without causing toxicity,they must be maintained within the ____________.
Answer: therapeutic range
Q3) Fat-soluble drugs have a decreased effect in patients who are obese.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Repeated use of the same drug may result in a decreased response,requiring an increased amount of the drug to produce the same effect.This phenomenon is known as
Answer: tolerance
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Chapter 2: The Metric System and Drug Dosage
Calculations
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Q1) The metric system of measurement is based on the __________________. Answer: powers of 10
Q2) How much solute is in 3 ml of a 1:100 weight/volume solution?
A)10 ml
B)10 mg
C)20 ml
D)30 mg
Answer: D
Q3) A rescue dosage of surfactant calls for 3 ml/kg body weight.If a premature infant weighs 1,500 g,how many milliliters are needed?
A)5.0 ml
B)9.0 ml
C)0.45 ml
D)4.5 ml
Answer: D
Q4) The International System is the system of measure used in health care. A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Pharmacology of the Autonomic Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ANS regulates all the following body functions except:
A)Digestion.
B)Skeletal muscle movement.
C)Cardiac muscle control.
D)Blood vessel constriction.
Answer: B
Q2) Sympathomimetic drugs include all of the following except:
A)Isoproterenol.
B)Propranolol.
C)Albuterol.
D)Phenylephrine.
Answer: B
Q3) Adrenergic agents that are considered catecholamines include all the following except:
A)Dobutamine.
B)Epinephrine.
C)Phenylephrine.
D)Dopamine.
Answer: C
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Medicated Aerosol Treatments
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Sample Questions
Q1) An aerosol particle that is smaller than 0.5 microns will penetrate to the lower airways where it is needed.
A)True
B)False
Q2) List the guidelines for patient selection for DPI use.
Q3) If the optimal breathing pattern is followed with an inspiratory breath hold,the result is:
A)Minimal inertial impaction of aerosol particles.
B)Maximum penetration of aerosol particles.
C)Deposition of very small,stable particles onto the lung tissue.
D)Laminar flow of the carrier gas.
Q4) If the inspiratory time is prolonged to improve aerosol delivery during mechanical ventilation,the respiratory therapist must monitor the patient for which of the following?
A)Bronchospasm
B)Auto-PEEP
C)Increased secretions
D)Decreased oxygenation
Q5) One factor that determines the depth of penetration of an aerosol particle is the ________________.
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Chapter 5: Bronchodilators
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Q1) An increase of cyclic GMP at cellular level causes smooth muscle relaxation,resulting in bronchodilation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In order to quantify airway obstruction and posttreatment improvement the respiratory therapist can measure a patient's ____________ or ____________.
Q3) Sympathomimetic bronchodilators can be described as: I.Drugs that stimulate intracellular production of cyclic AMP.
II)Anticholinergic drugs.
III)Drugs that stimulate beta<sub>2</sub> receptors.
A)I and II
B)I only
C)I and III
D)I,II,and III
Q4) Xopenex is a sympathomimetic beta agonist that is classified as a:
A)Resorcinol
B)Catecholamine
C)Methylxanthine
D)Saligenin
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Chapter 6: Mucokinetics and Surfactants
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Q1) You receive a call from the attending physician of a 68-year-old patient with chronic bronchitis.He reports that the patient has very thick secretions that she is unable to remove from her airway and asks for your recommendations.The drug most indicated for this patient is:
A)Dornase alfa.
B)N-acetylcysteine.
C)Sodium bicarbonate.
D)Survanta.
Q2) Expectorants work by increasing the amount of fluid in the respiratory tract and by increasing vagal-gastric reflex stimulation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Treatment of acetaminophen overdose includes oral or intravenous administration of ________________.
Q4) A device that is designed to produce aerosol droplets for delivery to the airways is a ________________.
Q5) Mucous production will increase when the respiratory tract is irritated and during ________________ stimulation.
Q6) The saline solution that is considered to be an expectorant is
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Anti-Inflammatory and Antiasthmatic Agents
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Q1) After an antigen-antibody reaction occurs,all of the following events contribute to the early phase inflammatory response except:
A)Mast cell membrane rupturing.
B)Release of chemical mediators to the site.
C)Arachidonic acid metabolism.
D)Antibodies attacking antigens.
Q2) Explain the mechanism of prostaglandin inhibitors in airway function.
Q3) All prostaglandins produce bronchial smooth muscle relaxation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The immune response is not involved in ________________ asthma.
Q5) Antigens attach themselves to ________________ causing them to become sensitized.
Q6) Which of the following is given as an oral medication?
A)Singulair
B)Azmacort
C)Flovent
D)Serevent
Q7) The most commonly produced immune system antibody is the ________________.
Q8) Histamine smooth muscle contraction is controlled by ________________ receptors. Page 9
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Page 10
Chapter 8: Anti-Infective Agents
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Sample Questions
Q1) Side effects of quinolones include which of the following?
I)Phototoxicity
II)An unpleasant taste
III)Ringing in the ears
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I,II,and III
Q2) Gram-positive bacteria stain _______________ and gram-negative bacteria stain _______________.
Q3) In all bacteria,the _______________ functions to maintain the integrity of the cell.
Q4) A patient is seen in a hospital clinic for chronic cough and fever.The physician suspects community-acquired pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae.The patient is prescribed an antibiotic and sent home.Which of the following antibacterial agents would be most appropriate for this patient?
A)Rifampin
B)Cephalexin
C)Penicillin
D)Septra
Page 11
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Chapter 9: Cardiac Agents
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Q1) Which of the following antiarrhythmic drugs causes an increase in total calcium,resulting in an increase in the contractility of the heart?
A)Apresoline
B)Theophylline
C)Digoxin
D)Metoprolol
Q2) Electrical impulses of the heart originate in the ________________.
Q3) Digoxin inhibits the sodium/potassium exchange pump in the heart,resulting in increased intracellular ________________ and ________________.
Q4) Statin drugs used in the treatment of high cholesterol block enzymes that produce cholesterol.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Digoxin is an inotropic drug that affects the force of contraction of the heart muscle.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What are the therapeutic goals for drug use in treating cardiac arrhythmias?
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Chapter 10: Blood Pressure and Antithrombotic Agents
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Q1) Which of the following thrombolytics is classified as a non-fibrin-specific agent?
A)Alteplase
B)Reteplase
C)Streptokinase
D)Tenecteplase
Q2) Hypertension in the majority of patients that occurs for unknown causes is referred to as ________________.
Q3) Patients receiving warfarin should be monitored for which of the following possible side effects?
I.Blood in the urine or stool
II.Nosebleeds
III.Petechiae
A)I and II
B)I and III
C)II and III
D)I,II,and III
Q4) Vasopressor and cardiotonic agents are used to treat _______________.
Q5) What is meant by loop diuretics?
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Chapter 11: Neuromuscular, sedative, anesthetic, and Analgesic Agents
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Q1) All of the following statements concerning Precedex are true except:
A)Precedex can be used for sedation of mechanically ventilated patients.
B)Precedex has a lower incidence of delirium.
C)Precedex stimulates central alpha<sub>2</sub> receptors.
D)Precedex has a high incidence of causing hypertension.
Q2) Reversal of ventilatory depression caused by opioids is accomplished with which of the following?
A)Fentanyl
B)Naloxone
C)Doxapram
D)Protriptyline
Q3) Administration of a/an ________________ inhibitor will reverse neuromuscular blockade.
Q4) Patients receiving NMBAs during mechanical ventilation frequently need to be medicated with ________________ because they can still feel pain and are alert.
Q5) Benzodiazepines can cause loss of airway reflexes if administered at high doses.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Drugs that reduce CNS arousal are classified as ________________.
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Chapter 12: Therapeutic Medical Gases
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Q1) What does the term "affinity" mean in relation to hemoglobin and oxygen?
Q2) Which of the following conditions causes a reduction in ventilation and results in a V/Q mismatch?
A)Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
B)Pulmonary embolism
C)Heart failure
D)Pulmonary hypertension
Q3) You are called to the ER to see a 37-year-old female with multiple trauma from a car accident.The physician asks that you give her oxygen with as high an FIO<sub>2</sub> as you can provide.Which of the following devices would you select?
A)A nasal cannula
B)A simple mask
C)An air-entrainment mask
D)A nonrebreathing mask
Q4) Of the following,which device is most likely to transmit bacteria?
A)A large-volume nebulizer
B)A jet-mixing mask
C)A simple mask
D)A nonrebreathing mask
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Chapter 13: Pharmacologic Management of Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease: Asthma, chronic Bronchitis, and Emphysema
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Q1) A COPD patient who presents with an FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC of less than 70% and an FEV<sub>1</sub> greater than 80% of predicted value would be classified as:
A)Being at risk for COPD.
B)Having mild COPD.
C)Having moderate COPD.
D)Having severe COPD.
Q2) Which of the following characteristics of obstructive pulmonary diseases distinguish asthma from COPD?
A)Inflammation involving cellular and chemical mediators
B)Airway narrowing and reversibility
C)The presence of airway hyperreactivity
D)Ongoing wheezing,breathlessness,and cough
Q3) Patients with COPD who require a sympathomimetic and anticholinergic bronchodilator should be prescribed:
A)Brethaire.
B)Combivent.
C)Maxair.
D)Spiriva.
Page 16
Q4) Describe the meanings of the terms "pink puffer" and "blue bloater."
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Chapter 14: Pharmacologic Treatment of Respiratory
Infectious Disease
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Q1) Empiric treatment refers to the administration of antibiotic therapy after the organism causing infection has been identified.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Drugs used in the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis include ________________.
Q3) Of what should a typical tuberculosis treatment regimen consist?
Q4) Therapy that is begun before identifying the pathogenic organism is referred to as _______________ therapy.
Q5) Patients who are allergic to penicillin may have a cross-allergenicity with which of the following?
A)Tetracycline
B)Cephalosporins
C)Macrolides
D)Clarithromycin
Q6) The first-line therapy used to treat otitis media in children over the age of 3 is _______________.
Q8) Intravenous pentamidine is used in the treatment of_________________ . Page 17
Q7) _______________ is used as preventive therapy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Page 18
Chapter 15: Medications for Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support
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Q1) Which of the following drugs would not be considered for an asthmatic patient who requires treatment for atrial fibrillation?
A)Atenolol
B)Esmolol
C)Metoprolol
D)Propranolol
Q2) Which of the following arrhythmias should not be treated with amiodarone?
A)Supraventricular tachycardia
B)Ventricular fibrillation
C)Torsade de pointes
D)Pulseless ventricular tachycardia
Q3) All except which of the following drugs can be safely administered via the endotracheal tube during a resuscitation?
A)Atropine
B)Epinephrine
C)Oxygen
D)Sodium bicarbonate
Q4) The term that describes a heart rate in the normal range when tachycardia would be expected is _______________.
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