Research Planning in Education
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Research Planning in Education introduces students to the foundational concepts and methodologies necessary for designing effective educational research projects. The course emphasizes the systematic identification of research problems, formulation of research questions or hypotheses, literature review strategies, and the selection of appropriate qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods approaches. Students learn to develop coherent research proposals, address ethical considerations, and plan data collection and analysis procedures. By the end of the course, students will be equipped with practical skills to organize, structure, and initiate educational research that contributes to the advancement of knowledge and practice in the field.
Recommended Textbook
Practical Research Planning and Design 12th Edition by Paul D. Leedy
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274 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: The Nature and Tools of Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) The philosophical assumption that objective scientific research can uncover true cause-and-effect relationships in the world is known as:
A)postpositivism.
B)positivism.
C)experimentation.
D)realism.
Answer: B
Q2) A good researcher always begins with a(n): A)theory.
B)problem or unanswered question.
C)hypothesis.
D)interesting topic.
Answer: B
Q3) The primary purpose of inferential statistics is to:
A)organize and summarize the data.
B)turn qualitative data into meaningful numbers that can be interpreted.
C)measure social and psychological phenomena in an unbiased way.
D)help the researcher draw conclusions from the data.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: The Problem: the Heart of the Research Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) Imani analyzed data and found that explicitly teaching reading strategies improves students' performance on standardized tests.In this study,explicit teaching of reading strategies is
A)An independent variable
B)A dependent variable
C)A mediating variable
D)A moderating variable
Answer: A
Q2) "What proportion of workers hired by selected factories in the state of Oklahoma between 1995 and 2000 held four-year college degrees?" The chief weakness of this research problem is that:
A)it lacks clarity or completeness in the problem statement.
B)it implies only description of the data,not interpretation.
C)it does not lead to the creation/discovery of new information.
D)studying the question as stated is not feasible.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Review of the Related Literature
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jane wants to search for information about the variety of attention disorders that are seen in childhood.Which of the following sets of keywords would best get Jane started on an effective and efficient search?
A)"attention disorders"
B)"ADHD," "ADD," and "children"
C)"disorders" and "children"
D)"attention disorders" and "children"
Answer: D
Q2) The best way to organize a review of the literature is:
A)Chronologically,with the earliest research first.
B)Chronologically,with the most recent research first.
C)Thematically,with an emphasis on how the literature relates to your question.
D)Critically,identifying flaws in previous studies that make your question relevant.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Planning Your Research Project
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Sample Questions
Q1) An ordinal scale of measurement:
A)assigns a name to a category.
B)is tied to an absolute zero.
C)incorporates equal units of measurement.
D)communicates greater than and less than relationships.
Q2) A researcher designed a new questionnaire to measure political conservatism.To test out his new instrument,he asks people leaving their polling place on election day to report their degree of political conservatism on a scale of 1 (low)to 10 (high)and then complete his questionnaire.Results show that people who identified themselves as political conservatives also had the highest scores on his questionnaire.This is an indication of the ________ of the new instrument.
A)criterion validity
B)content validity
C)face validity
D)predictive validity
Q3) An interval scale of measurement:
A)assigns a name to a category.
B)communicates rank-order information.
C)incorporates equal units of measurement.
D)is tied to an absolute zero.
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Chapter 5: Writing the Research Proposal
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Sample Questions
Q1) A research proposal should be a ________ document.
A)straightforward
B)eloquent
C)lengthy
D)brief
Q2) The first draft of any research proposal should give the closest amount of attention to
A)presenting a flawless methodological plan.
B)word choice and writing style.
C)reviewing the literature.
D)organization and logical thought.
Q3) In APA style,what level heading consists of boldface uppercase and lowercase letters centered on the page?
A)Level I
B)Level II
C)Level III
D)Level IV
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Chapter 6: Descriptive Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Geoffrey is conducting a descriptive study focused on women's rights.As part of his project,he reviews articles published in U.S.newspapers between 1850 and 1940.The best instrument for him to use would be:
A)A checklist
B)A rating scale
C)A rubric
D)A survey
Q2) Graham recruited student volunteers to participate in his dissertation study.He set up several times for students to come to a specified classroom and read various types of instructional materials and to be tested.He ran all of his control conditions first and then for each session he placed all students at the session in the same treatment condition.This is problematic because those who volunteered early are likely different than those who volunteered later.This problem is primarily due to A)response bias.
B)instrumentation bias.
C)researcher bias.
D)sampling bias.
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8
Chapter 7: Experimental, quasi-Experimental, and Ex Post Facto Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Dow Jones wants to know whether a problem-based approach to teaching economics will result in higher academic performance than his traditional method.Of the six sections of Economics 101 at his university,Dr.Jones randomly assigns three sections to the traditional method and three sections to the problem-based method for Unit 1 of the course.Then all sections switch instructional method for Unit 2.He plans to compare the performance of the two groups of sections on their Unit 1 and Unit 2 exams.The design of this study is:
A)within subjects (repeated measures)
B)quasi-experimental
C)true experimental
D)ex post facto
Q2) "There will be gender differences in degree of mood elevation seen in depressed clients after receiving cognitive-behavioral therapy." In this hypothesis,gender is the:
A)dependent variable.
B)independent variable.
C)confounding variable.
D)constant.
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Chapter 8: Qualitative Research Methods
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Q1) A fundamental pitfall in qualitative research is to confuse the actual observations with the interpretation of the observations.Why is it important that these two things remain distinctly separate?
Q2) Effective qualitative interviews usually require that the researcher:
A)adhere to set of questions determined in advance.
B)maintain an informal,friendly atmosphere.
C)remain as objective and detached as possible.
D)interview several participants at one time.
Q3) In this type of study design,a body of material is systematically examined for patterns,themes,or biases.
A)case study
B)ethnography
C)grounded theory
D)content analysis
Q4) The technique of participant observation is most associated with:
A)case study.
B)ethnography.
C)grounded theory.
D)content analysis.
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Chapter 9: Mixed-Methods Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kasey was interested in studying the attitudes and opinions toward healthcare innovation in her community.She purposefully sought the opinions of a diverse group of people,including those with extreme opinions.What type of sampling did Kasey likely engage in?
A)purposive sampling
B)probability sampling
C)random sampling
D)convenience sampling
Q2) Mixed-methods research that has more than one phase usually employs which type of sampling method?
A)stratified random
B)purposive
C)probability
D)systematic
Q3) When compared to quantitative and qualitative research respectively,mixed-methods research tends to be
A)much easier.
B)more complex.
C)less time consuming.
D)less rigorous.
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Chapter 10: Action Research and Participatory Designs
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Q1) Which form of action research is rooted in the idea that the generative themes of students' lives should be used as the basis for instruction and that education is a liberatory and transformative act?
A)Design-Based Research
B)Participatory Action Research
C)Community-Based Research
D)Course-Based Action Research
Q2) Perhaps one of the main goals of action research is for the results to be immediately applicable to the lives of
A)policy-makers.
B)college level academics.
C)educational researchers.
D)teachers.
Q3) Describe potential reasons that action research may be more appealing to practitioners than traditional quantitative or qualitative research.
Q4) Explain what is meant by the following statement: "Data collection in action research is iterative."
Q5) Discuss some of the challenges associated with conducting action research.
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Chapter 11: Analyzing Quantitative Data
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Sample Questions
Q1) The z-score,or standard score,allows the research to determine:
A)how far a target individual's score is from the group mean.
B)what percentage of individuals in the sample scored above the target individual.
C)the mean for the population based on the mean for the sample.
D)what percentage of individuals in the sample scored below the target individual.
Q2) A distribution of scores that is positively skewed will have a small number of scores that
A)are very high.
B)are very low.
C)are clustered around the midpoint.
D)are all the same.
Q3) Statistical hypothesis testing involves testing the:
A)research hypothesis.
B)probability level.
C)significance level.
D)null hypothesis.
Q4) Note several steps researchers can take to optimize the power of their statistical tests.
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Chapter 12: Analyzing Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Data
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Sample Questions
Q1) Byron conducted a qualitative study that included coding a large set of transcribed data.He applied codes to his data and then asked his colleague,Adeline,to also code the data using his coding structure.What was Byron trying to establish by having Adeline code the work?
A)trustworthiness
B)credibility
C)validity
D)interrater reliability
Q2) Esme is interested in the personal experiences of first-year medical students and plans an ethnographic study,in which she'll collect observational field notes,extensive interview data,and diaries from the participants.For her analysis,she plans to begin by developing a start list.In other words,Esme will:
A)make a list of categories and themes derived directly from the research problem.
B)briefly review the data in search of topics or themes that pop out right away.
C)divide the data into general but meaningful chunks before beginning more detailed analysis.
D)apply her initial coding scheme to a subset of her data.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Planning and Preparing a Final Research Report
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Q1) Malia did a lot of reading for her dissertation project as she tried to narrow her topic to something that was researchable.She looked at primary and secondary sources,journal articles,Internet sites,and even interviewed a few people who are prominent in the field.She kept careful notes,and when writing the literature review for her project she discussed only those studies that were directly relevant to the research question she ultimately focused on.However,she wants to be sure that her advisors know she completed a comprehensive search of the literature,so she includes a full bibliography chapter,listing all the sources she read.Which of the following pieces of advice is her advisor most likely to give her for revision?
A)For a dissertation project,that's sensible -in a dissertation,a student needs to show that she is an expert in the area.
B)Revise the reference list to include only those sources cited in the paper.
C)Revise the literature review to include all the sources you read.
D)Instead of a chapter,use an appendix of "Additional Sources" so that the readers can see the full list.
Q2) Throughout your textbook the authors return to the importance of interpreting the findings of a research project.Explain why this is an essential element in a high-quality research report.
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