Research Methods in Social Psychology Exam Review
Course Introduction
Research Methods in Social Psychology offers an in-depth exploration of the scientific foundations that guide inquiry into social behavior and processes. This course covers the major methodological approaches used in social psychological research, including experimental, correlational, survey, and observational techniques. Students will engage with the ethics of social research, study design, hypothesis development, data collection, statistical analysis, and interpretation of results. Emphasis is placed on critically evaluating published studies, understanding the strengths and limits of various research methods, and developing the skills necessary to design and conduct original research in social psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology 1st Edition by Thomas E. Heinzen
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term refers to life circumstances that influence our thoughts and behaviors
A) nurture
B) nature
C) interaction
D) cognition
Answer: A
Q2) Lewin's equation shows that which two factors influence individual behaviors
A) potential response and aggressive tendency
B) prejudice and prosocial behavior
C) personality and environment
D) peer influence and risk-taking behaviors
Answer: C
Q3) What term describes the scientific study of human strengths and virtues
A) positive psychology
B) counseling psychology
C) anthropology
D) sociology
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) What of the following should explain any possible risks associated with research
A) right to withdraw
B) informed consent
C) confidentiality guarantee
D) debriefing
Answer: B
Q2) All criteria for a good-quality study can be strengthened by what
A) internal validity
B) external validity
C) reliability
D) replication
Answer: D
Q3) In what type of research are groups not formed by random assignment
A) true experiments
B) posttest-only control group designs
C) quasi-experiments
D) within-participants design
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: The Social Self
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order to convince a professor to give you a higher grade, you tell her that her class is the best one you've ever taken. This is a form of other-enhancement.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which of the following is an example of one's ideal self
A) I know that I am not a detail-oriented person.
B) I really enjoy playing the piano.
C) I wish I was better at the piano.
D) I feel like I should be more of a detail-oriented person.
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following describes our subjective personal evaluation of our self-concept
A) self-differentiation
B) self-comparison
C) self-esteem
D) self-awareness
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Social Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is the best example of magical thinking
A) Everything happens for a reason.
B) If only I had front row tickets, maybe I could have gone onstage during the concert.
C) Some things are meant to be.
D) There is a right person for everyone.
Q2) What is one possible drawback of being a satisficer
A) more likely to miss important clues for making the best decision
B) likely to become "stuck" when trying to make choices
C) becoming overwhelmed with details of possibilities
D) thinking too long about minor decisions
Q3) Max carefully makes a list of the pros and cons of accepting a job in another state. Max is likely using logic.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Misuse of heuristics may lead to false memories.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Summarize the differences between intuition and logic.
Q6) Demonstrate two ways in which cognitive misers decrease their mental load.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Person Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Selena expected her nephews to be loud and boisterous, so she planned games that involved running and shouting. What might Selena be creating
A) self-fulfilling prophecy
B) attributional ambiguity
C) a central trait
D) halo effect
Q2) Explain how the principle of noncommon effects can be related to attributions.
Q3) Different interpretations of culturemes may be related to which of the following
A) difficulty understanding basic facial expressions across cultures
B) difficulty interpreting tone of voice across cultures
C) difficulty interpreting humor across cultures
D) difficulty translating the emotion of music across cultures
Q4) When faced with failure, Kazuo focuses on working harder and finding better strategies for success. This exemplifies which of the following
A) external locus of control
B) terror management theory
C) defensive attributions
D) internal locus of control
Q5) What is the relationship between attributions and historical events?
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Chapter 6: Attitudes and Persuasion
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Sample Questions
Q1) After eating at a fast-food restaurant, Cynthia filled out a survey about the quality of food and service. This survey is intended to measure ______.
A) model of dual attitudes
B) informational belief
C) attitude
D) evaluative belief
Q2) What is the desire to explain one's actions in a way that preserves or enhances a positive view of the self
A) cognitive dissonance
B) sufficient justification
C) rationalization trap
D) self-justification
Q3) The door-in-the-face technique is characterized by first making a small request and then a larger one.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Cherry-picking data is another term for a rationalization trap.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Social Influence: Conformity, Social Roles, and Obedience
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the heavily pregnant woman got on the train, she gave Jeremy a long look. He quickly got up and gave her his seat. What best describes Jeremy's behavior
A) compliance
B) implicit expectations
C) conformity
D) social roles
Q2) Dr. Benedict makes all his students wear name tags. According to the deindividuation research, this should decrease rule-breaking behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Jessa dresses stylishly and knows the cool cultural references. Her sister Kellie avoids every trend she can identify. When Jessa proves more popular at school, it is because she is complying with what
A) herd mentality
B) explicit expectations
C) social norms
D) social influence
Q4) List the two types of social influence.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Group Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Continuing a harmful relationship because of previous investments of time, effort, and resources is an example of which of the following
A) rejection sensitivity
B) escalation trap
C) maltreatment effects
D) hazing
Q2) Addie joined a stamp-collecting group so she could learn more about rare and valuable stamps. Which best explains why she joined the group
A) social support
B) sense of identity
C) safety
D) meaningful information
Q3) When the new work group formed, the supervisor made group members wear large name tags and asked everyone to initial the work they helped complete. How might these actions reduce social loafing
A) Contributions can be connected to individuals.
B) They feel like the supervisor cares about them as people.
C) They have pride in seeing their initials on the work.
D) The group is new, so existing prejudices don't get in the way.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination
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Sample Questions
Q1) Andy is an active member of the Knights of Columbus. He attends mass every Sunday and on every holy day of obligation. Andy is high in what
A) religiosity
B) religion as quest
C) interactionist perspective
D) social dominance orientation
Q2) The gym teacher only made the 10-year-old girls run half as many laps as the boys because he believed girls were more delicate. This is an example of ______.
A) hostile sexism
B) old-fashioned prejudice
C) benevolent prejudice
D) ambivalent sexism
Q3) Refusing to accept a reservation at an Air BnB from someone because of race is an example old-fashioned racism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the similarities and differences between the types of prejudice outlined in the stereotype content model. Provide an example of each.
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Chapter 10: Helping Prosocial Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) In general, a person from which country is most likely to engage in prosocial behaviors
A) South Korea
B) Brazil
C) Germany
D) Canada
Q2) One tenet of Buddhism is that we should try to reduce suffering. This is an example of trying to establish a social responsibility norm.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is a statement you would expect to hear from someone low in neuroticism
A) I'm scared a lot.
B) We should try to get along.
C) Nothing really bothers me.
D) It's every man for himself.
Q4) If you take responsibility for helping someone, you will definitely help them.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Aggression
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Sample Questions
Q1) Behaving in a nonaggressive way or punishing aggressive behaviors is called what
A) helping
B) culture of peace
C) aggression reduction
D) modeling forgiveness
Q2) Which type of aggression is cutting the brake lines of someone's car
A) direct active
B) direct passive
C) indirect active
D) indirect passive
Q3) After multiple betrayals, Hannah begins getting revenge on her friends. What is the likely affect on her frustration and anger
A) She will feel temporary satisfaction before anger gets worse.
B) She will feel immediate satisfaction that turns into long-term peace.
C) She will feel moments of guilt but then her anger will disappear.
D) Her friends will feel remorse once they feel what she had felt.
Q4) Insulting someone's ethnicity is an example of indirect active aggression.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is a term for when human or animal behavior is determined by biology?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Intimate Relationships
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Sample
Questions
Q1) Kallie and Ron have been in a relationship for 4 years. In thinking about his relationship, Ron begins to think about if there are other women he could be with if he ended his relationship with Kallie. What does this exemplify
A) consideration of alternatives
B) calculation of current outcomes
C) ratio of rewards and costs
D) determination of satisfaction
Q2) Which of the following refers to the actual, measurable space between two people or things
A) propinquity effect
B) mere exposure
C) physical distance
D) functional distance
Q3) The current outcomes refers to the ratio of ______.
A) attraction and sacrifices
B) rewards and costs
C) money spent and companionship
D) individual relationship to average relationship
Q4) What is the relationship between parenting and attachment theory?
Q5) Describe the derogation of alternatives.
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology and a Sustainable Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are only psychological responses to noise.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Scientific claims found in a single scholarly, peer-reviewed journal can usually be accepted as truth.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Consider the current rate of species loss versus the estimated threshold for species loss. What is the relationship between these two numbers? What does this say about the potential for threshold effects?
Q4) Which of the following is an example of a threshold effect
A) a steady level of rainfall over several decades
B) climate becomes increasingly erratic
C) a decease in rates of extinction
D) and increase in biodiversity
Q5) About how many unique species does the earth lose per year
A) 21
B) 31
C) 111
D) 121
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Chapter 14: Social Psychology of Law and the Courtroom
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is the relationship between law and psychology sometimes intimate
A) Both professions have similar attitudes.
B) Both professions have the same professional values.
C) Both professions have similar training.
D) Both professions work on the same social problem.
Q2) A study of first-year college students found those that watched Law and Order had decreased ______.
A) rape myth acceptance
B) willingness to express sexual consent
C) intentions to seek sexual consent
D) intentions to refuse unwanted sexual activity
Q3) Carlita is a social psychologist who writes many articles advocating for change in how the legal system works. Carlita would most likely be considered a(n) ______.
A) evaluator
B) dispute mediator
C) trial consultant
D) reformer
Q4) What opinion might a judge have of dispute mediators and why might a judge have this opinion?
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Chapter 15: Social Psychology of Stress and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following provides a three-stage theory of how our bodies respond to stress
A) Yerkes-Dodson law
B) biomedical model of disease
C) biopsychosocial model of disease
D) general adaptation syndrome
Q2) After serving in the Army during the Korean war, Conrad had recurrent nightmares about his eperiences. He also began to avoid crowds and began to have trouble sleeping. Which of the following conditions is Conrad likely experiencing
A) general adaptation syndrome
B) post-traumatic stress disorder
C) agism
Q3) Formative assessments are designed to ______.
A) help you improve
B) evaluate your success
C) persuade you to change
D) identify stressors
Q4) In what ways is the weathering hypothesis similar to general adaptation syndrome? How are the two different?
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Chapter 16: Social Psychology and Happiness: Positive
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which refers to what people perceive and feel about their lives and psychological health
A) positive subjective experiences
B) positive individual traits
C) subjective well-being
D) pop psychology
Q2) In which area was the first positive psychology experiment conducted
A) pop psychology
B) sports psychology
C) abnormal psychology
D) criminal psychology
Q3) Which of the follow describes the study of how humans achieve and maintain happiness
A) social psychology
B) positive psychology
C) positive institutions
D) social norms
Q4) What is the relationship between positive psychology and the disease model used in medicine?
Q5) What areas of overlap exist between sports psychology and positive psychology?
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Social Psychology and Behavioral
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychology did not exist when economic philosophy was created.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Supply side economics postulates that there is a tax policy between 0% and 100% that ______.
A) motivates people to work
B) minimizes tax revenues
C) stabilizes the economy
D) benefits suppliers of goods
Q3) Which of the following describes that there is a limit to our ability to make rational economic decisions
A) rational economic thinking
B) prospect theory
C) behavioral economics
D) bounded rationality
Q4) Irrational economic thinking notes that decision-making relies heavily on strict economic rules.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How does reputation affect the ultimatum game scenario?
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Social Psychology and Relationship Violence
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the contrition phase, the perpetrator of violence apologizes and promises to change his or her behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Most research on responses to relationship violence occurs at the tertiary level.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Justifying a violent partner's behavior is a form of minimization.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is one reason many believed it would be too difficult to gather honest responses related to relationship violence
A) lack of external validity of data
B) small sample size
C) inability to gather unbiased evidence
D) measurement problem of social desirability
Q5) Describes the differences between intimate terrorism and situational couple violence.
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Chapter 19: Social Psychology of Work:
Industrialorganizational Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of an industrial/organizational psychologist
A) someone who helps victims of relationship violence
B) someone who researches environmental design of buildings
C) someone who helps people determine what career is best for them based on their skills
D) someone who publishes academic articles on parenting practices
Q2) Walter Dill Scott's initial plan to experiment with industrial/organizational psychology tactics was immediately embraced and encouraged by General Joseph Kuhn.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A manager removes cubicle walls and arranges work stations so that she can each of the employees she manages. Using what you know about I/O psychology, the manager is likely trying to ______.
A) be sure each employee is assigned to a job appropriate for their skillset
B) evaluate employee performance on a continual basis
C) encourage maximum productivity out of each employee
D) be sure each employee has appropriate work/life balance
Q4) Describe the modern use of industrial/organizational psychology.
Page 21
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Chapter 20: Social Psychology of Volunteerism and Internships
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to a study of 800 college students, which personality trait may predict volunteering
A) introversion
B) agreeableness
C) apprehension
D) empathy
Q2) Which of the following health benefits is associated with volunteering
A) lower risk of heart attack
B) lower risk of mortality
C) increased mobility
D) increased memory
Q3) High-impact internships should inspire self-reflection.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Internships must be well-organized in order to provide benefit to the student intern.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the similarities and differences between undergraduate- and graduate-level internships?
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Chapter 21: Social Psychology and Personal Finance
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Sample Questions
Q1) One experiment found that which of the following overrode rats' desire to eat, drink, sleep, or engage in sexual activity?
A) embarrassment
B) fear of failure
C) anger
D) anticipation of gains
Q2) Which of the following refers to what happens when we do nothing?
A) hedonic treadmill
B) default decision
C) mere ownership effect
D) endowment effect
Q3) The colloquialism "Keeping up with the Jones" refers to how one always desires more and better items commensurate with what others might have. This could also be viewed as an example of which of the following?
A) payment decoupling
B) mere ownership effect
C) default decision
D) hedonic treadmill
Q4) Describe how loss aversion may affect one's ability to make financial decisions.
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Chapter 22: Social Psychology and Forgiveness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the four elements of the tit-for-tat strategy and note its relationship to the two different types of orientations in romantic relationships.
Q2) During WWI, soldiers indicated their willingness to cooperate with their enemies by ritualizing the times and targets of their attacks. What does this exemplify?
A) retributive forgiveness
B) emotional forgiveness
C) decisional forgiveness
D) strategic forgiveness
Q3) A study of Sudanese refugees noted that which of the following helped reduce the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder?
A) seeking retribution for illegal acts
B) upholding the rule of law and justice
C) knowing and telling one's story
D) forgiving without forgetting
Q4) It is possible to be reconciled with someone without actually forgiving them. A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe an example of how one might forgive without forgetting.
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