Research Methods in Psychology Review
Questions
Course Introduction
Research Methods in Psychology explores the fundamental techniques and principles used to investigate human behavior and mental processes scientifically. The course covers a range of research designs, including experimental, correlational, and observational methods, along with essential concepts such as hypothesis formulation, sampling, measurement, data collection, and ethical considerations. Students learn how to critically evaluate scientific literature, design robust psychological studies, analyze data using statistical methods, and interpret findings within a broader theoretical context. This foundation prepares students to conduct their own research and to become informed consumers of psychological science.
Recommended Textbook
Psychological Science Modeling Scientific Literacy 1st Edition by Mark Krause
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17 Chapters
4332 Verified Questions
4332 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ms.Patel is a 3<sup>rd</sup> grade teacher.Several children in her class have been having trouble concentrating and sitting still in her class,so she finds several articles from psychology journals on hyperactivity and attention in young children.Although she is not a scientist,Ms.Patel is able to understand the articles and then use the information to redesign her classroom schedule to help improve attention.This is an example of A)the scientific method.
B)the biopsychosocial model.
C)scientific literacy.
D)empiricism.
Answer: B
Q2) "The whole is greater than the sum of the parts" is a statement that can be associated with the perspective of A)introspection.
B)functionalism.
C)psychoanalysis.
D)gestalt psychology.
Answer: D
Q3) In order to be scientific,it must be possible to _________________ a hypotheses. Answer: test (falsify and reject are also acceptable answers)
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Professor Todd decides to test her hypothesis that eating chocolate prior to exams increases students' test scores.She randomly assigns students to two groups at the beginning of the semester.One group receives a bar of chocolate before each test,while the other group receives another type of candy.She compares their scores at the end of the year,and finds that the students who ate the chocolate scored an average of ten points higher on their exams.What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
A)Students' test scores
B)Chocolate bars
C)The students themselves
D)The professor
Answer: A
Q2) Mr.Marshall hired June to collect data from a group of subjects.Neither June nor the subjects were aware of the independent variable that Mr.Marshall had manipulated.This is an example of _______.
A)randomization
B)a placebo
C)double-blind control
D)experimenter bias
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Chapin has just finished a delicate brain operation.He turns to a group of interns and says,"She probably lost about 1000 ___________,but since she still has over 100 billion left,she should recover nicely." Dr.Chapin was most likely referring to A)parts of the brain.
B)neurons.
C)pituitary glands.
D)speech and language areas.
Answer: B
Q2) Damage to the somatosensory cortex would most likely result in which of the following impairments?
A)Inability to point at an object
B)Impaired vision
C)Impaired mathematical ability
D)Lost or distorted sensations in the region of the body corresponding to the damaged area
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) To help identify objects with our sense of touch,we move the object in our hands and actively explore it.This is known as ___________.
A)gustation
B)haptics
C)kinesthesis
D)nociception
Q2) Bumps on the tongue called __________ contain numerous __________ .
A)mechanoreceptors; taste buds
B)papillae; taste buds
C)taste buds; mechanoreceptors
D)taste buds; papillae
Q3) The terms sensation and perception have the same meaning and are interchangeable.
A)True
B)False
Q4) For humans,the ability to _______ is probably the most important sense.
A)hear
B)taste
C)see
D)smell
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Chapter 5: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) The low-voltage brain waves produced during relaxed wakefulness or the twilight stage between waking and sleeping are called __________ waves.
A)alpha
B)beta
C)delta
D)theta
Q2) According to this hypothesis,sleep is necessary for fixing the wear and tear caused to the body during the day.
A)restore and repair
B)activation-synthesis
C)preserve and protect
D)problem-solving
Q3) The textbook authors argue that because of its relative safety and low cost,hypnosis might become a preferred method for treating A)pain.
B)obesity.
C)repressed memories.
D)menopause.
Q4) What are some of the therapeutic uses for hypnosis? Is it generally effective?
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) When one of Pavlov's dogs salivated in response to the food,the salivation was a(n)________________,but when the dogs salivated to the sound of a metronome,the salivation should be called a(n)_________________.
Q2) Learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change is called __________.
A)vicarious learning
B)innate learning
C)latent learning
D)insight
Q3) Learning that occurs,but is not expressed until later,is called:
A)observational learning.
B)classical conditioning.
C)latent learning.
D)discriminative learning.
Q4) Learning that involves processes such as thinking and remembering is called _________________ learning.
Q5) The four processes involved in ______________________ include attention to the act or behavior,memory for it,the ability to reproduce it,and the motivation to do so.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which fact does NOT support the idea that the amount of information that can be stored in short-term memory (STM)is determined by the number of chunks?
A)Organizing digits into larger numbers allows people to remember more digits at one time.
B)There is a limit to the number of units of information that can be stored in STM at one time.
C)Chunking can increase the amount of information people can place in STM.
D)Individuals can remember more words from a list of single-syllable words than they can from a list of four- or five-syllable words.
Q2) If research participants are not allowed to rehearse the information,about how long can they keep a meaningless trigram in phonological memory?
A)2 seconds
B)15 seconds
C)1 minute
D)20 minutes
Q3) Herrmann Ebbinghaus is famous for creating a _________________,which graphically displayed the results of his memory experiments.
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Chapter 8: Thought and Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) The rules for combining words and morphemes into meaningful phrases and sentences are called _________.
A)syntax
B)aphasics
C)pragmatics
D)language
Q2) Which of the following is a unique property of language that helps to distinguish it from animal communication?
A)Words or symbols can be recombined to create entirely new meanings.
B)Language uses sounds to communicate.
C)Language can be used to pass information between individuals.
D)Language is important for survival.
Q3) One interesting property of ___________ is that we usually know when it is not being used correctly,but people often cannot explain exactly why.
A)phonemes
B)morphemes
C)syntax
D)pragmatics
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Chapter 9: Intelligence, aptitude, and Cognitive Abilities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research indicates that ____________ intelligence peaks in early to middle adulthood and then begins declining.
A)crystallized
B)fluid
C)verbal
D)existential
Q2) Which of the following statements is an argument for multiple intelligences?
A)Statistical analyses show that all varieties of intelligence tests are highly correlated with one another.
B)Most individuals who score high on verbal tests also score high on quantitative and performance tests.
C)Some individuals score high on verbal tests but very low on quantitative tests,and vice versA
D)Some people would rather listen to a lecture than view a film because they are "auditory" learners.
Q3) Crystallized intelligence is used to solve problems without relying on previous knowledge.
A)True
B)False
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Life Span Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher who selects a sample of people of varying ages and studies them at one point in time is,by definition,using the __________ method.
A)longitudinal
B)correlational
C)cross-sectional
D)biographical study
Q2) Which of the following theories of attachment was effectively discredited by the work of Harry Harlow?
A)Babies become attached to adults who are pleasant to touch.
B)Babies become attached to adults who provide them with nourishment.
C)Babies become attached to adults who smile at them.
D)Babies become attached to adults who talk in quiet voices.
Q3) According to Erikson,a sense of producing and contributing to the world is called _______.
A)generativity
B)self-actualization
C)maturation
D)worthiness
Q4) A(n)________________ is first created when a sperm and an ovum fuse together.
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Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) For people with bulimia nervosa,binge eating is usually followed by _________,most commonly by inducing vomiting.
Q2) The so called "fast pathway" is an important circuit in the brain because A)it speeds up our brain's ability to send important sensory information to the cerebral cortex.
B)it allows us to respond to a potentially dangerous stimulus before we even know exactly what it is.
C)it allows us to process quickly moving stimuli in our environment.
D)it is involved in the conscious recognition of a potentially dangerous stimulus.
Q3) According to the psychologist __________________ humans have a "hierarchy of needs," such that basic needs must be met before higher needs can be addressed.
Q4) Hugh has such powerful sexual needs that he engages in dangerously promiscuous behavior.In this case,Hugh's sexual needs are a(n)_______.
A)emotion
B)motive
C)stimulus
D)cue
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Chapter 12: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which research approach is probably the best for exploring the genetic contribution to personality?
A)comparing identical twins who were reared apart
B)comparing children adopted into another family with their siblings who remained with their birth parents
C)comparing fraternal twins
D)comparing identical twins who were raised in the same household
Q2) Explain the Five Factor Model and list the Big Five factors it is centered on.How were its creators,McCrae and Costa,able to identify only five key factors from the thousands of different traits that could be used to define personalities?
Q3) An outdated approach claiming that behavior and personality were based on the sizes of various regions of the skull surface was called:
A)magnetic resonance imaging.
B)alchemy.
C)phrenology.
D)humorism.
Q4) _________________ is the psychologist whose theories are most closely associated with the concept of a "hierarchy of needs."
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) An intense,paralyzing fear of a specific object,person,situation,or thing in the absence of any real danger is a _______.
A)panic disorder
B)phobic disorder
C)conversion reaction
D)compulsive disorder
Q2) People suffering from depression tend to explain events in their life in a consistent way.Describe the three elements of this "depressive explanatory style" and then provide examples of each.
Q3) Which of the following is considered the most severe psychological disorder?
A)antisocial personality
B)schizophrenia
C)depression
D)bipolar
Q4) The most common psychotic disorder is:
A)manic-depressive.
B)bipolar.
C)schizophreniA
D)multiple personality.
Q5) Why do many researchers consider schizophrenia a brain disorder?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Treatments that have been tested using sound research designs,and have been found to be both safe and effective are called ______________.
A)bibliotherapies
B)empirically supported treatments
C)psychotherapies
D)insight therapies
Q2) In behavior therapy,distressing symptoms are seen as:
A)the result of learning.
B)the result of your unconscious impulses.
C)a chemical imbalance.
D)an indicator of neurophysiological abnormalities.
Q3) According to your textbook,______________ might be nearly as effective in treating mild or moderate depression as antidepressant drugs.
A)exercise
B)a vegetarian diet.
C)acupuncture
D)listening to classical music while sleeping
Q4) SSRIs have been shown to increase _______________,the growth of brand-new neurons,in the hippocampus.
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Chapter 15: Social Psychology
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Sample
Questions
Q1) Kyle is an independent filmmaker who has always believed that big Hollywood movies are garbage.Recently,however,he agreed to work on a big-budget Hollywood movie because the pay was very good.Now he tells his friends,"Not all Hollywood movies are that bad." Kyle's change in attitude is likely the result of _____.
A)cognitive dissonance
B)conformity
C)groupthink
D)group polarization
Q2) If an individual had a seizure in a public place,they would be more likely to get help if there was just one person around rather than five people.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency of people to
A)overestimate the role of situational factors in the behavior of others.
B)overestimate the role of dispositional factors in the behavior of others.
C)overestimate the role of situational factors in their own behavior.
D)overestimate the role of dispositional factors in their own behavior.
Q4) ______________ attribution is also known as situational attribution.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Krause and Corts
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Sample Questions
Q1) The unintentional spreading of a behavior as a result of social interactions is referred to as _____________.
A)meme propagation
B)social contagion
C)the HPA axis
D)peer mimicking
Q2) According to National Institutes of Health,what proportion of adult Americans are overweight or obese?
A)1/5
B)1/4
C)1/2
D)2/3
Q3) Miranda is questioning whether her upcoming business trip,where she must travel through an area with many mountains,will pose a danger for her.As such,this example illustrates _______________.
A)a stress reaction
B)coping
C)primary appraisal
D)secondary appraisal
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Krause and Corts
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Sample Questions
Q1) As part of her interview for the job of office manager at a bank,Rita is given a list of made-up tasks that she might encounter in the position.Rita is then assessed on her ability to respond to each task.This is referred to as the _____________ technique.
A)in-basket
B)sink-or-swim
C)virtual job
D)job assessment
Q2) If a psychologist conducts a performance appraisal using feedback from supervisors,subordinates,peers,and clients,he is most likely using the _____ approach.
A)telescoping
B)compass
C)360 degree feedback
D)task performance
Q3) A career center is a process that capitalizes on multiple approaches to personnel selection by combining personality,cognitive,and sometimes physical ability tests.
A)True
B)False
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