Research Methods in Psychology Review
Questions
Course Introduction
Research Methods in Psychology provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental principles and techniques used in psychological research. The course covers the scientific method, research design, data collection methods, ethical considerations, and methods for analyzing and interpreting data. Students will explore both quantitative and qualitative research approaches, including experiments, surveys, case studies, and observational methods. By the end of the course, students will develop the critical skills necessary to evaluate psychological research and design their own studies, fostering a deeper understanding of how psychological knowledge is generated and validated.
Recommended Textbook
Practical Research Planning and Design 12th Edition by Paul D. Leedy
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13 Chapters
274 Verified Questions
274 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Nature and Tools of Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following examples illustrates research as it is described in your textbook?
A)Sally is writing a paper about the effects of the Harry Potter books on the reading habits of fourth graders in the United States and United Kingdom.She goes to a research library to find information to include in her paper.
B)Ian wants to know why the population of songbirds has declined in recent years in the Sutton Wilderness Area.He carefully collects soil and water samples,systematically surveys the entire area for predators,and then sits down to make sense of his findings.
C)Leonard is starting a woodworking business and is not sure how to calculate the cost of his labor so he can be both profitable and fair to the customers.He asks several established business owners how they calculate labor changes.
D)Bill is doing a report on the sonnets of Shakespeare.He carefully reads a number of sonnets and then carefully reads scholarly reviews of those same sonnets written by various Shakespeare scholars.He synthesizes all of this information in his report. Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Problem: the Heart of the Research Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) "What is the correlation between an index of civic-mindedness and years of involvement in local organizations and charities among members of city councils of selected midsized cities in the northeastern United States?" The chief weakness of this research problem is that:
A)it implies only description of the data,not interpretation.
B)it does not lead to the creation/discovery of new information.
C)it lacks clarity or completeness in the problem statement.
D)studying the question as stated is not feasible.
Answer: A
Q2) "What do underemployed U.S.workers (i.e.,those workers who are employed,but not in positions for which they have specialized training or expertise)identify as the primary reason for their inability to find suitable employment?" The chief weakness of this research problem is that:
A)it lacks clarity or completeness in the problem statement.
B)it does not lead to the creation/discovery of new information.
C)it implies only description of the data,not interpretation.
D)studying the question as stated is not feasible.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Review of the Related Literature
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Sample Questions
Q1) A well-written literature review:
A)avoids evaluation or critique of the literature reviewed,so as not to bias the opinion of the reader.
B)emphasizes critique and synthesis of the work of others that is related to your own research problem.
C)avoids summarizing the work of others so that details of the original work are not lost in the reviewing process.
D)emphasizes detailed reporting of each piece of research included in the literature review.
Answer: B
Q2) The best advice for knowing when you have collected enough sources for your literature review is to:
A)Look for repetitive patterns in the materials you are finding and reading.
B)Search until you have exhausted your own institution's direct resources.
C)Search until you have obtained at least 10 sources.
D)Look for at least one source that supports each of your hypotheses.
Answer: A
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5
Chapter 4: Planning Your Research Project
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sara conducted a study in her sixth grade classroom.The study focused on students' interests in science classes.Sara shared what individual students said about their interest in science with the seventh-grade teachers to help place students in next years' classes.Was Sara's sharing this information in accordance with ethical research practices?
A)In this case it was ethical to share students' data since it will help them in their education.
B)In this case it was ethical to share students' data since the study was conducted in school.
C)In this case,it was unethical to share students' data since that information was confidential.
D)In this case,it was unethical to share students' data since the information was anonymous.
Q2) Replications in experimental research are generally conducted to facilitate:
A)internal validity.
B)external validity.
C)internal reliability.
D)external reliability.
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Chapter 5: Writing the Research Proposal
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a research proposal,informed consent letters,specific assessment instruments,and other detailed materials are typically found in the:
A)Literature Review
B)Index
C)Appendix
D)Glossary
Q2) Three of the following are elements in the proposal revision process.Which one is NOT?
A)Reconsider the feasibility of what you are proposing to do.
B)Carefully assess the logic and organization of the information in the document.
C)Avoid breaks of 24 hours or more as the material will get too "cold" in your mind.
D)Seek feedback from knowledgeable others.
Q3) In regard to quantitative research proposals,novice researchers often find it very challenging and tedious to explain in detail how the data will be analyzed and interpreted in their study.Explain why it is essential that the researcher not cut corners in this section of the proposal.
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Chapter 6: Descriptive Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Correlational research allows the researcher to answer questions such as:
A)what is the relationship between Variable A and Variable B?
B)does change in Variable A cause change in Variable B?
C)is there a significant difference between scores on Variable A and scores on Variable B?
D)does change in Variable B causes change in Variable A?
Q2) Advantages of questionnaires include all of the following EXCEPT:
A)large numbers of people can be contacted for a relatively low cost.
B)data can be gathered from a large number of people in a relatively short period of time.
C)participants may feel more confident about their anonymity and therefore respond more honestly.
D)because questions are in written form,they are less likely to be misunderstood by respondents.
Q3) Of the following research topics,which is most likely to be an observational study?
A)The relationship between hours of exercise and sleep.
B)The difference in minutes a day exercising between boys and girls.
C)The types of exercise students engage in after school.
D)Students' feelings about after-school track practice.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Experimental, quasi-Experimental, and Ex Post Facto Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Robbins wants to know if there are different opinions regarding the value of public school education between Native Americans who have at least one relative who attended Indian Boarding School and Native Americans who have no family experience with Indian Boarding School.Dr.Robbins contacts 35 Native American participants in each group.He wants each group to include younger as well as older adults,and a mix of male and female participants.He asks each person to complete a survey about their attitudes toward public education.The design of this study is:
A)pre-experimental
B)factorial
C)true experimental
D)ex post facto
Q2) "There will be gender differences in degree of mood elevation seen in depressed clients after receiving cognitive-behavioral therapy." In this hypothesis,gender is the:
A)dependent variable.
B)independent variable.
C)confounding variable.
D)constant.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Qualitative Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) In this type of study design,the researcher studies the deep meaning an event or situation holds for other people.
A)phenomenological
B)ethnography
C)grounded theory
D)content analysis
Q2) One tool that is helpful to qualitative researchers for organizing and conducting an interview is a(n):
A)interview guide.
B)briefing guide.
C)research plan.
D)case study.
Q3) Qualitative researchers can best address concerns about validity in their study design and their data by:
A)collecting some quantitative data.
B)ensuring that all participants provide informed consent.
C)use one objective,reliable method for collecting data.
D)comparing different data sources to see if they provide consistent results.
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Chapter 9: Mixed-Methods Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cory conducted a survey of his third grade students' interest in historical fiction.He found his results raised more questions and decided to better understand his students' position by interviewing them.What word best describes this type of mixed-methods study?
A)conclusive
B)emergent
C)pre-planned
D)ill-conceived
Q2) Kasey was interested in studying the attitudes and opinions toward healthcare innovation in her community.She purposefully sought the opinions of a diverse group of people,including those with extreme opinions.What type of sampling did Kasey likely engage in?
A)purposive sampling
B)probability sampling
C)random sampling
D)convenience sampling
Q3) What are the general advantages of conducting a mixed-methods study,rather than two or more different studies,to address a single research question?
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Chapter 10: Action Research and Participatory Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) This form of action research is used extensively in the field of community health research as it employs a collaborative,partnership approach to conducting research.
A)Community-Based Participatory Research
B)Community-Based Qualitative Research
C)Participatory Action Research
D)Design-Based Research
Q2) Which of the following is NOT true regarding data collection in action-oriented research?
A)Data-collection strategies are emergent.
B)Data collection is iterative.
C)Data collection is collaborative and ultimately the result of a coordinated group effort.
D)Data collection is planned in advance and rarely deviates from the original plan.
Q3) Explain what is meant by the following statement: "Data collection in action research is iterative."
Q4) Discuss some of the challenges associated with conducting action research.
Q5) Describe at least two venues for disseminating findings from action-oriented research studies.
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Chapter 11: Analyzing Quantitative Data
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Sample Questions
Q1) When reporting growth data,the most useful measure of central tendency is the:
A)arithmetic mean
B)mode
C)median
D)geometric mean
Q2) Characteristics of samples are known as:
A)Concepts
B)Parameters
C)Statistics
D)Estimations
Q3) Three of the following factors are associated with a relatively small standard error of the mean.Which one is NOT?
A)Sample size is relatively large.
B)Sample standard deviation is relatively small.
C)The variance in the sample is relatively large.
D)The sample is highly representative of the population.
Q4) Note several steps researchers can take to optimize the power of their statistical tests.
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Chapter 12: Analyzing Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Data
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a widely recommended strategy for enhancing the trustworthiness and credibility of qualitative findings?
A)Strive for balance,fairness,and completeness in data analysis and interpretation.
B)Carefully document your analysis procedures.
C)In your final report,be up front about your personal biases.
D)Carefully calculate reliability and validity statistics
Q2) In this type of coding structure,an emergent category is chosen as a core category.What type of coding structure does this describe?
A)axial coding
B)open coding
C)thematic coding
D)purposive coding
Q3) In a grounded theory study,the focus of data analysis is to:
A)identify a new theory arising from the data.
B)test a theory grounded in previous research.
C)use open categories to identify theoretical properties rather than themes.
D)follow a structured and systematic analytical plan based on previous theories.
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Chapter 13: Planning and Preparing a Final Research Report
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which word or phrase best completes the following phrase: "Correlation does not indicate "
A)a relationship.
B)causation.
C)accuracy.
D)statistical probability.
Q2) One of the main objectives of a research report is to make a case for why the research problem deserves an in depth study.What are some of the reasons why this should be done early in the research report?
Q3) Which of the following would NOT be an appropriate start to a statement regarding the nature of the data in the research?
A)The data prove
B)The data suggest
C)The data indicate the possibility of
D)The data may help to explain
Q4) Explain what the phrase "going too far beyond the data" means in regards to data analysis and interpretation.
Q5) Describe the difference between a table and a figure.
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