Research Methods in Psychology
Final Exam
Course Introduction
Research Methods in Psychology introduces students to the systematic processes and scientific techniques used to investigate human behavior and mental processes. The course covers fundamental topics such as research design, hypothesis formulation, experimental and non-experimental methods, ethical considerations, data collection, statistical analysis, and interpretation of results. Emphasis is placed on developing critical thinking skills, understanding the strengths and limitations of various research methodologies, and gaining hands-on experience in designing psychological studies. By the end of the course, students are equipped with the foundational knowledge required to conduct, evaluate, and apply psychological research in both academic and professional settings.
Recommended Textbook
Psychological Testing and Assessment An Introduction to Tests and Measurement 9th Edition by
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Chapter 1: Psychological Testing and Assessment
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Q1) As used by your textbook authors,the term psychological assessment applies to A) clinical settings only.
B) self-administered tests only.
C) employment, clinical, and educational settings only.
D) the use of tests and other tools of evaluation.
Answer: D
Q2) As compared to one-on-one and face-to-face assessments,a disadvantage of CAPA is that it typically deprives the assessor of the opportunity to
A) make certain that test forms are kept secure.
B) observe the testtaker's test-taking behavior.
C) conduct a post-test interview with the testtaker.
D) tailor the test's content to the responses.
Answer: B
Q3) Groupthink is best defined as the tendency to
A) favor members of one's own group over that of members of another group.
B) let others make decisions for the dominant person when in groups.
C) think of groups as possessing a personality, much like that of an individual.
D) make poor decisions when in collective decision-making situations.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Historical, Cultural, and Legalethical
Considerations
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Q1) In which case was it ruled that employment tests must measure the person for the specific job for which he or she is applying?
A) Allen v. District of Columbia (1993)
B) Aderand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena et al. (1985)
C) Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971)
D) Grutter v. Bollinger, et al. (2003)
Answer: C
Q2) The beginning of the group intelligence testing movement is best associated with
A) the need to identify slow learners in school.
B) the need to identify the best applicant for a job.
C) the military's need to screen the intellectual ability of recruits.
D) the civil service system's need to identify qualified postal workers.
Answer: C
Q3) The right of informed consent refers to testtakers' right to know
A) why they are being evaluated.
B) how the test data will be used.
C) what, if any, information will be released to whom.
D) All of these
Answer: D
Page 4
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Chapter 3: A Statistics Refresher
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Sample Questions
Q1) A distribution of test scores is: 75,92,96,88,75,62,and 88.This distribution can be characterized as:
A) unimodal with a mode of 75.
B) bimodal with the modes of 75 and 88.
C) unimodal with a mode of 88.
D) trimodal with the modes of 96, 92, and 62.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following values could be a stanine score?
A) 0
B) 6
C) 7.6
D) All of these
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following is NOT typical of an interval scale?
A) an absolute zero point
B) continuous variables
C) rank-orderings
D) an interval
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Of Tests and Testing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sampling all different subgroups within a population is an example of
A) random sampling.
B) stratified sampling.
C) incidental sampling.
D) purposive sampling.
Q2) Regarding norm-referenced and criterion-referenced testing
A) norm-referenced testing is recommended.
B) criterion-referenced testing is recommended.
C) each can be appropriate depending on testing objectives.
D) the two approaches can always be used interchangeably.
Q3) A test is said to be standardized if the test's manual contains clearly specified procedures for test
A) administration.
B) scoring.
C) interpretation.
D) All of these
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Chapter 5: Reliability
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Q1) According to Cronbach et al.'s generalizability theory,"facets" include
A) the number of test items.
B) the amount of training the examiners received.
C) the purpose of administering the test.
D) All of these
Q2) Which is TRUE about reliability in the psychometric sense?
A) reliability is an all-or-none measurement
B) a test may be reliable in one context and unreliable in another C) a reliability coefficient may not be derived for personality tests
D) alternate forms reliability may not be derived for personality tests
Q3) If items from a test are measuring the same trait,estimates of reliability yielded from split-half methods will typically be ________ as compared to estimates from KR-20.
A) higher
B) lower
C) similar
D) approximately the same
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Chapter 6: Validity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Quotas may be viewed as one type of remedy for A) low reliability of selection tests.
B) previously unfair practices.
C) low validity of selection tests.
D) All of these
Q2) The initial version of the CUWQ contained __ items,and each of these items was checked to ensure that they were ____ and concise.
A) 80; relatively equal in difficulty
B) 40; unique
C) 80; unique
D) 40; relatively equal in difficulty
Q3) Predictive and concurrent validity can be subsumed under A) content validity.
B) criterion-related validity.
C) face validity.
D) true score validity.
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Chapter 7: Utility
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Q1) The Brogden-Cronbach-Gleser formula was developed by A) the team of Brogden, Cronbach, and Gleser working together.
B) Brogden, Cronbach, and Gleser, each working independently.
C) the work of Brogden and later, the work of Cronbach and Gleser.
D) the work of Cronbach, and later, the work of Brogden and Gleser.
Q2) In the Ariel et al.(2015)study,the research protocol required officers to
A) wear cameras only during Camera shifts.
B) keep cameras on throughout their entire Camera shift.
C) issue verbal warnings during the Camera shifts to advise citizens confronted that the interaction was being videotaped by a camera attached to the officer's uniform.
D) All of these
Q3) Your textbook listed many frequently raised questions related to test utility.Which is NOT one of those questions?
A) Is the time it takes to administer this test worth it?
B) What is the practical value of using this test over another?
C) Is the cost of using this test worth the cost savings that may result?
D) Does this test measure what it purports to measure?
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Chapter 8: Test Development
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Q1) The idea for a new test may come from A) social need.
B) review of the available literature.
C) common sense appeal.
D) All of these
Q2) The item-validity index is key in determining A) construct validity.
B) criterion-related validity.
C) content validity.
D) All of these
Q3) The development of a criterion-referenced test usually entails
A) exploratory work with a group of testtakers who have mastered the material.
B) exploratory work with a group of testtakers who have not mastered the material.
C) both exploratory work with a group of testtakers who have mastered the material and exploratory work with a group of testtakers who have not mastered the material.
D) None of these
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and Its Measurement
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Q1) On the Wechsler tests of intelligence,the Full Scale IQ has a mean of ________________ and a standard deviation of _______________.
A) 50; 10
B) 100; 15
C) 10; 3
D) 115; 15
Q2) Convergent thinking refers to
A) an inductive reasoning process.
B) a deductive reasoning process.
C) a vertical thinking process.
D) a lateral thinking process.
Q3) The W-B I borrowed from existing tests in
A) content not format.
B) format not content.
C) content and scoring methods.
D) format and test administration instructions.
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Chapter 10: Assessment for Education
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Q1) Which name is BEST associated with the term zone of proximal development?
A) Vygotsky
B) Feuerstein
C) Budoff
D) Luria
Q2) If an individual state fails to meet federal guidelines regarding mandated improvements in students' reading and math scores,then
A) administrators of the state's Department of Education may be criminally liable.
B) the governor of the state could be held in contempt of Congress.
C) federal funds for education could be withheld.
D) All of these
Q3) According to an Eastern perspective,academic success is more the product of _________ and less the product of ___________.
A) effort; genetics
B) genetics; effort
C) perseverance; motivation
D) motivation; perseverance
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Chapter 11: Personality Assessment: an Overview
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Q1) Psychologists have embraced "the Big 5" big time,and a number of tests have been developed to measure the Big 5.Which of the following is NOT a test that was developed to measure the Big 5?
A) the NEO-PI-R
B) the Big Five Inventory (BFI)
C) the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI)
D) the 16-PF
Q2) As discussed in the text,cultural competence refers to
A) developing tests that reflect cultural values.
B) knowledge of a particular culture through academic study, life experience, or both.
C) the ability of test users to be fair and balanced in administering tests and interpreting test data with testtakers from all cultures.
D) expertise in the psychological tests written in a language that is foreign to the test administrator.
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Chapter 12: Personality Assessment Methods
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Q1) The strongest psychometric aspect of the Rorschach is its
A) inter-rater reliability with respect to interpretations.
B) inter-rater reliability with respect to scoring categories.
C) test-retest reliability over a short period of time.
D) internal consistency split-half reliability for odd and even items.
Q2) The integration of data from statistical procedures,empirical methods,and formal rules to formulate descriptions and make predictions is referred to as
A) actuarial prediction.
B) clinical prediction.
C) empirical prediction.
D) formal prediction.
Q3) Identification of the antecedents and consequences of behavior is a routine part of A) an analogue analysis.
B) a functional analysis.
C) a psychic analysis.
D) behavioral determination.
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Chapter 13: Clinical and Counseling Assessment
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Q1) Forensic psychological assessment entails evaluation in matters involving A) whether a parent should retain custody of a child.
B) whether an individual is competent to stand trial.
C) whether an individual is guilty by reason of insanity.
D) All of these
Q2) Which of the following is MOST typically used early in independent practice settings to help devise a therapeutic contract?
A) behavioral observation
B) case history data
C) an interview
D) an attorney
Q3) The biopsychosocial approach to assessment could BEST be described as A) multicultural.
B) multidisciplinary.
C) psychoanalytic.
D) All of these
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Chapter 14: Neuropsychological Assessment
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Q1) If a patient exhibits disturbances in sound discrimination,voice recognition,and auditory memory,a neuropsychologist would suspect damage to A) the cerebellum.
B) the temporal lobe.
C) the occipital lobe.
D) the parietal lobe.
Q2) According to Dr.Eric Kramer,a neurologist's in-office evaluation for dementia will typically begin with observation and an interview question like,
A) "What is your name?".
B) "Who referred you to this office?".
C) "Where are you right now?".
D) "Why are you seeking help at this time?".
Q3) The largest referral source for neuropsychologists is A) psychologists.
B) neurologists.
C) pediatricians.
D) attorneys.
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Chapter 15: Assessment,Careers,and Business
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Q1) Motivation research includes
A) focus groups.
B) individual interviews.
C) Both focus groups and individual interviews.
D) None of these
Q2) Application forms used in employment settings
A) are generally considered to be useful for quick screening.
B) have been shown to have poor validity and reliability in numerous research studies. C) are frequently unnecessary, since they usually duplicate information that can be later obtained through interviews, tests, Linked-In, and other sources.
D) Both have been shown to have poor validity and reliability in numerous research studies and are frequently unnecessary, since they usually duplicate information that can be later obtained through interviews, tests, Linked-In, and other sources.
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