Research Methods in Psychology Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Research Methods in Psychology introduces students to the fundamental principles and techniques used in psychological research. The course covers the scientific method, research design (including experimental, correlational, and observational methods), data collection strategies, ethical considerations, and statistical analysis. Students learn how to critically evaluate psychological studies, develop research questions, design their own experiments, and interpret data, gaining essential skills for conducting and understanding research in the field of psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Cognitive Psychology Connecting Mind Research and Everyday Experience 5th Edition by E. Bruce
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13 Chapters
767 Verified Questions
767 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
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62 Verified Questions
62 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why can we consider Tolman one of the early cognitive psychologists?
A) Because he used behavior to infer mental processes
B) Because of his focus on measuring behavior
C) Because he focused on the stimulus-response connections in the rat's mind during his maze experiment
D) Because of his interest in operant conditioning
Answer: A
Q2) The use of the term artificial intelligence was coined by
A) B. F. Skinner.
B) Colin Cherry.
C) Edward Tolman.
D) John McCarthy.
Answer: D
Q3) With which of the following sentences would the author disagree?
A) The mind creates and controls mental processes such as language and emotions.
B) The mind can create representations of the world.
C) The mind is a problem solver.
D) We can consider the mind extraordinary if it is used for extraordinary purposes.
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience
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57 Verified Questions
57 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Josiah is trying to speak to his wife, but his speech is very slow and labored, often with jumbled sentence structure.
Josiah may have damage to which area of the brain?
A) Broca's area
B) Parahippocampal place area (PPA)
C) Extrastriate body area (EBA)
D) Wernicke's area
Answer: A
Q2) Action potentials occur in the
A) cell body.
B) synapse.
C) neurotransmitters.
D) axon.
Answer: D
Q3) The study of the physiological basis of cognition is known as A) cognitive psychology.
B) neuroscience.
C) cognitive neuroscience.
D) neuropsychology.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Perception
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55 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a basic principle of Gestalt psychology?
A) Many parts make up a whole.
B) Truth is relative.
C) Apparent motion is due to sensation.
D) The whole is different from the sum of its parts.
Answer: D
Q2) What differentiates bottom-up processing from top-down processing?
A) the direction of scanning
B) the pattern of organization
C) the source of information
D) the pathway of action
Answer: C
Q3) The process by which small objects become perceptually grouped to form larger objects is the principle of perceptual
A) conjunction.
B) organization.
C) discriminability.
D) fusion.
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Attention
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Treisman's feature integration theory, the first stage of perception is called the __________ stage.
A) feature analysis
B) focused attention
C) preattentive
D) letter analysis
Q2) Anne Treisman's attenuator analyzes the incoming message in terms of all of the following EXCEPT
A) how sequences of words create meaningful phrases.
B) how the message groups into syllables or words.
C) whether the message is fast or slow.
D) whether the perceptual load is low or high.
Q3) The Stroop effect occurs when participants
A) are told to divide their attention between colors and shapes.
B) try to name colors and ignore words.
C) try to select some incoming information based on meaning.
D) are told to shadow two messages simultaneously.
Q4) Define selective attention, divided attention, and attentional capture. Give an example of each to support your thinking.
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Chapter 5: Short-Term and Working Memory
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57 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following represents the most effective chunking of the digit sequence 14929111776?
A) 14 929 111 776
B) 149 29111 776
C) 14 92 91 117 76
D) 1492 911 1776
Q2) Which of the following stimulus characteristics most challenges the processing capacity of short-term memory?
A) frequency
B) color
C) complexity
D) source
Q3) Imagine you are driving to a friend's new house. In your mind, you say the address repeatedly until you arrive. To remember the address, you used a(n)___________process in short-term memory.
A) control
B) automatic
C) coding
D) iconic
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Long-Term Memory: Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) Work with brain-injured patients reveals that ___________ memory does not depend on conscious memory.
A) declarative and non-declarative
B) personal semantic and remote
C) semantic and episodic
D) implicit and procedural
Q2) Wickens et al.'s "fruit, meat, and professions" experiment failed to show a release from proactive interference in the "fruit" group because
A) the stimulus category changed.
B) the stimulus category remained the same.
C) the response task changed.
D) the response task remained the same.
Q3) In one or two sentences, write an autobiographical memory of something you recently experienced. Then identify the episodic and semantic components of that memory.
Q4) For years, propaganda has been deployed by political leaders and systems in a variety of contexts. From a cognitive psychology perspective, explain why such efforts are often effective.
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8
Chapter 7: Long-Term Memory: Encoding, Retrieval, and Consolidation
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the levels of processing theory, which of the following tasks will produce the best long-term memory for a set of words?
A) Making a connection between each word and something you've previously learned
B) Deciding how many vowels each word has
C) Generating a rhyming word for each word to be remembered
D) Repeating the words over and over in your mind
Q2) According to memory research, studying is most effective if study sessions are
A) short but all on a single day.
B) long and all on a single day.
C) short and across several days.
D) long and across several days.
Q3) Memory performance is enhanced if the type of task at encoding matches the type of task at retrieval. This is called
A) transfer-appropriate processing.
B) episodic-based processing.
C) elaborative rehearsal.
D) personal semantic memory.
Q4) Compare and contrast the concepts of synaptic consolidation and systems consolidation. Be sure to refer to specific models as appropriate.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Everyday Memory and Memory Errors
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Sample Questions
Q1) "S," who had a photographic memory that was described as virtually limitless, was able to achieve many feats of memory. According to the discussion in your text, S's memory system operated
A) in a manner that bypassed normal neurological "blocks."
B) less efficiently than normal.
C) using more visual encoding than normal.
D) using stronger semantic connections than normal.
Q2) __________ occurs when reading a sentence leads a person to expect something that is not explicitly stated or necessarily implied by the sentence.
A) Observer perspective
B) Pragmatic inference
C) Prospective memory
D) Automatic narrative
Q3) In the "War of the Ghosts" experiment, participants' reproductions contained inaccuracies based on
A) narrative rehearsal.
B) source misattributions.
C) cultural expectations.
D) shallow processing.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Conceptual Knowledge
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Sample Questions
Q1) Collins and Quillian's semantic network model predicts that the reaction time to verify "a canary is a bird" is ___________ the reaction time to verify "an ostrich is a bird."
A) interfered with by B) faster than C) the same as D) slower than
Q2) Which of the choices best represents cognitive economy in the following sentence? The property _______is stored at the _______node.
A) can fly; bird
B) can fly; canary
C) has feathers; ostrich
D) bird; penguin
Q3) According to the connectionist model, which of the following is impacted by connection weight?
A) Category priming
B) Storage capacity
C) Sensory reactivation
D) Synapse activity
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Chapter 10: Visual Imagery
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Sample Questions
Q1) Outline a multivoxel pattern analysis experiment that you would use to explore overlaps in perception and imagery. Be sure to note key concepts of this method in your response.
Q2) Measuring the amount of time a person requires to complete different cognitive tasks is the goal of mental ________.
A) topography
B) chronometry
C) imagery
D) scanning
Q3) Describe the conceptual peg hypothesis. Explain the paired-associate learning task, and provide examples of stimuli that had high recall in the task.
Q4) Kosslyn concluded that the image field is limited in size. This conclusion was drawn from the ___________ experiment.
A) image scanning
B) mental walk
C) mental synthesis
D) mental set
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Chapter 11: Language
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56 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) In written English, which punctuation mark has the most parsing power?
A) Hyphen
B) Exclamation point
C) Period
D) Comma
Q2) Lexical ambiguity studies show that people access ambiguous words based on
A) the identification of a single meaning for that word.
B) the meaning dominance of each definition of the word.
C) the word that comes immediately before and the word that comes immediately after the ambiguous word in the sentence.
D) a bottom-up progression of meaning comprehension.
Q3) Which of the following is the best example of a garden path sentence?
A) Before the police stopped, the Toyota disappeared into the night.
B) The man was not surprised when he found several spiders, roaches, and other bugs in the room.
C) The cats won't bake.
D) The Eskimos were frightened by the walrus.
Q4) Explain how language and music are both similar and different.
Q5) Identify the types of meaning dominance in language. Give examples of each to support your thinking.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Problem Solving
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Sample Questions
Q1) Finke's "creating an object" experiment had participants create a novel object by combining parts. Once they created an object, they were given the name of an object category and instructed to interpret their creation as a practical object or device within that category. Finke used the term preinventive forms to describe the A) object parts.
B) novel objects before a function was described.
C) practical objects within the category.
D) inventions rated high in both practicality and originality.
Q2) Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness?
A) Using a pair of pliers as a paperweight
B) Using a tire as a football practice target
C) Using a juice glass as a container for orange juice
D) Using a wine bottle as a vase
Q3) Describe the three steps involved in analogical problem solving. Which step is the most difficult to achieve, and what is the evidence that this is the most difficult step?
Q4) Compare and contrast functional fixedness and mental set. Give examples of each in the context of problem solving to support your thinking.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Judgment, Decisions, and Reasoning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lydia is 48 years old, single, outspoken, and very bright. She majored in philosophy as an undergraduate. As a student, she was deeply concerned with issues of discrimination and social justice, and she participated in anti-nuclear demonstrations. Which of the following alternatives is most probable?
A) Lydia is a U.S. Congresswoman.
B) Lydia is a U.S. Congresswoman and active in the feminist movement.
C) Lydia is a state governor.
D) Lydia is a state governor and active in the feminist movement.
Q2) Compare and contrast the "system" and "type" approaches to thinking. Why do professionals generally favor one perspective over the other? Give examples of situations from each perspective to support your thinking.
Q3) From a thinking perspective, when faced with making a decision, the suggestion to "Go with your gut" would emphasize ________, while the suggestion "Take your time" would place emphasis on ________.
A) System 2; System 1
B) Type 2; Type 1
C) System 1; Type 1
D) Type 1; System 2
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Page 15