Research Methods in Healthcare Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Research Methods in Healthcare explores the fundamental principles and practices involved in conducting scientific research within the healthcare field. This course covers a range of methodologies, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods approaches, equipping students with the skills needed to design, implement, and critically appraise healthcare research studies. Key topics include research ethics, data collection techniques, sampling strategies, statistical analysis, and interpretation of results. Through interactive lectures, case studies, and hands-on projects, students develop the ability to formulate research questions, review literature, select appropriate methodologies, and communicate findings to inform evidence-based practice and policy in healthcare settings.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Nursing Research Building an Evidence Based Practice 6th Edition by Grove
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which study exemplifies qualitative research?
A) A study that evaluates appetite among residents of a long-term care facility and correlates this data with whether or not residents are rooming together with their spouses.
B) A study that defines levels of appetite based on residents' descriptions of hunger in a long-term care facility.
C) A study that observes the interactions of spouses during mealtimes in a long-term care facility.
D) A study that observes the effectiveness of spousal encouragement to eat on the residents' quality of appetite in a long-term care facility.
Answer: C
Q2) The development of nursing theories and conceptual models in the late 1960s and 1970s served to:
A) determine the effectiveness of nursing interventions.
B) establish the concept of evidence-based practice.
C) provide funding for nursing research.
D) provide direction for nursing research.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Introduction to the Quantitative Research
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Q1) If a nurse wishes to critically appraise a study's sampling criteria and measurement tools,the nurse will read which part of the study report?
A) Abstract
B) Introduction
C) Methods
D) Results
Answer: C
Q2) In which type of research does the researcher seek to examine causal relationships among variables without being able to manipulate the variables?
A) Descriptive
B) Correlational
C) Experimental
D) Quasi-experimental
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Introduction to the Qualitative Research
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Q1) A researcher develops a study to examine various phenomena that contribute to theory development.This is an example of which type of research?
A) Ethnographic research
B) Grounded theory research
C) Historical research
D) Phenomenological research
Answer: B
Q2) A researcher identifies a socioeconomic group of people to study.After developing a rapport with key members of the group,getting information about group members from the key members,and spending time working among group members,the researcher develops theories about the group based on this experience.Which type of qualitative research does this represent?
A) Ethnographic
B) Grounded theory
C) Historical
D) Phenomenological
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Examining Ethics in Nursing Research
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Q1) The purpose of an institutional review board (IRB)in a university or clinical agency is to:
A) approve funding for studies based on ethical standards.
B) critically appraise ethical aspects of published studies.
C) define ethical standards for the institution.
D) protect the human rights of subjects in proposed studies.
Q2) When conducting research to study medical devices for human use,the nurse researcher must comply with the Department of Health and Human Services human subjects regulations as well as regulations put forth by the:
A) American Nurses Association
B) Code of Federal Regulations
C) Food and Drug Administration
D) Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethics
Q3) Which patient information requires deidentifying in order to maintain privacy? (Select all that apply)
A) E-mail addresses
B) Full-face photographs
C) State of residence
D) Medical record numbers
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Research Problems,Purposes,and Hypotheses
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Q1) Which is included in a statement of a research study purpose?
A) A description of gaps in knowledge about the research problem.
B) A discussion of the significance of the research problem.
C) A review of what is known about the research problem.
D) A statement about how the research problem will be studied.
Q2) The statement,"In this study,elevated blood glucose is a value greater than 110 mg/dL," is an example of a(n):
A) associative hypothesis.
B) conceptual definition.
C) operational definition.
D) problem statement.
Q3) Which statement differentiates research variables from research concepts?
A) Concepts are more abstract than variables.
B) Concepts are usually studied in quantitative research.
C) Variables are less subject to manipulation and measurement.
D) Variables cannot be concisely defined or clearly described.
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Chapter 6: Understanding and Critically Appraising the Literature Review
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Q1) To analyze a body of literature in a literature review the reviewer will:
A) describe the findings of each study in the literature review.
B) list the studies and itemize the findings of each one.
C) make value judgments about the credibility of each study.
D) synthesize and summarize findings from various studies.
Q2) What is the purpose of a limited research review?
A) To allow the reader to become familiar with the research problem
B) To develop an initial pilot study prior to a more in-depth study
C) To direct the planning and execution of a study
D) To identify studies published after a study is performed
Q3) What is an important limitation of secondary sources in literature reviews?
A) The authors do not have high levels of expertise.
B) They are usually not peer-reviewed sources.
C) They do not contain unique or original information.
D) They may contain misinterpreted information.
Q4) A review of empirical literature will yield information obtained from:
A) concept analyses.
B) descriptions of models and frameworks.
C) research studies.
D) theories.
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Chapter 7: Understanding Theory and Research
Frameworks
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Q1) Which is true about a study framework?
A) It guides nurses in clinical practice.
B) It explains a portion of a theory.
C) It is one of the major ideas of a theory.
D) It is the underlying methodology used in research.
Q2) A researcher discusses how endorphins released during aerobic exercise cause a heightened sense of well-being in subjects.This discussion is a:
A) conceptual definition.
B) operational definition.
C) relational statement.
D) theoretical framework.
Q3) In a study about childhood obesity,the researcher discusses the concept of overweight in terms of weight for height measures,body mass index (BMI),body image,self-esteem,and social norms.When discussing body image,self-esteem,and social norms,the researcher is describing the:
A) conceptual definition.
B) dependent variable.
C) independent variable.
D) operational definition.
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Chapter 8: Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs
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Q1) Which type of research design focuses on implementation of a treatment by the researcher?
A) Correlational
B) Descriptive
C) Experimental
D) Longitudinal
Q2) Which statement is true about a descriptive study design?
A) It is not possible to operationally define variables in this type of study.
B) Sample selection and size cannot be controlled in descriptive studies.
C) This type of design is used to identify problems occurring in practice.
D) Variables may be manipulated to avoid bias in this type of study.
Q3) A researcher develops a 7-point Likert scale to evaluate feelings of well-being in patients who are undergoing chemotherapy.The researcher administers this measure to other,similar patients in other medical centers.This is done in order to:
A) decrease mono-operation bias.
B) improve the test-retest reliability.
C) increase interrater reliability.
D) strengthen the operational definition of constructs.
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Chapter 9: Examining Populations and Samples in Research
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Q1) A researcher enters a list of subject from a sampling frame into a computer and the computer randomly assigns subjects to control or treatment groups.This is an example of:
A) cluster sampling.
B) simple random sampling.
C) stratified random sampling.
D) systematic sampling.
Q2) Which statement is true about systematic sampling?
A) A nonrandom starting point is used when selecting subjects.
B) It can be used when the desired sample size is unknown.
C) It provides a random chance for inclusion as a subject.
D) Subjects have an equal chance for inclusion in the study.
Q3) The goal of sampling theory is to:
A) clearly define sample types used in research studies.
B) determine the best way to achieve representative samples.
C) develop methods for collecting data more efficiently.
D) provide frameworks for data analysis.
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Chapter 10: Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research
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Q1) In a study involving multiple data collectors,the researcher helps to ensure consistency in data collection by:
A) describing the study participant recruitment process in the research summary.
B) detailing the training process of the data collectors in the research report.
C) discarding data that includes even minor deviations in data collection methods.
D) minimizing the influence of intervening forces on the study findings.
Q2) Among subjects with coronary artery disease,a researcher identifies three levels of symptoms which can be categorized by severity.This represents which level of measurement?
A) Interval
B) Nominal
C) Ordinal
D) Ratio
Q3) Which data represent the lowest form of measurement?
A) Levels of anxiety on a scale from mild to severe
B) Race and ethnicity classification
C) Temperature of subjects after an intervention
D) Weight, height, and body mass index
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Chapter 11: Understanding Statistics in Research
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Q1) A researcher wishes to present data identifying pain scores for a group of subjects using a grouped frequency distribution table.Which is true about using this method?
A) Each group must have equivalent ranges in scores.
B) Ranges may overlap from one group to the next.
C) Some data may not fit into any group.
D) There should be no more than five groups of scores.
Q2) When a researcher concludes that study findings are applicable to the total population,this is an example of:
A) generalization.
B) inference.
C) probability.
D) significance.
Q3) To measure test-retest reliability of an instrument,a researcher may use the:
A) Cronbach alpha coefficient.
B) Fischer's exact test.
C) Kuder-Richardson score.
D) Pearson's correlation statistic.
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Chapter 12: Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research
for Nursing Practice
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Q1) In a critical appraisal,a reviewer conducts an audit of the transcripts of interviews and determines that the author's conclusions are correct.This is an example of:
A) confirmability.
B) credibility.
C) dependability.
D) trustworthiness.
Q2) When reading a research article in a refereed journal,the nurse researcher is assured that the article:
A) describes a study undergoing review.
B) has been previously published.
C) is printed in abstract form only.
D) is of high quality and standards.
Q3) What is the focus of a critical appraisal of qualitative research studies?
A) Completeness of the literature review
B) Conceptual and operational definition of variables
C) Integrity of study design and methods
D) Validity of study measures
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Chapter 13: Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
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Q1) What is the purpose of the PRISMA statement?
A) To help researchers develop a clinical question before a review
B) To help determine whether studies reviewed should be replicated
C) To improve reporting of meta-analyses and systematic reviews
D) To outline the abstract when reporting on meta-analyses and other reviews
Q2) Which is the strongest source of research and evidence for developing evidence-based guidelines?
A) Meta-analyses of specifically focused research questions
B) Panels of experts sharing their opinions on best practices
C) Quasi-experimental studies
D) Rigorous experimental studies
Q3) Which is true about evidence-based practice?
A) Evidence-based guidelines are unrelated to accreditation regulations.
B) Evidence-based practice is determined only through experimental studies.
C) Most nursing interventions are based on evidence-based principles.
D) The use of evidence-based practice results in improved patient outcomes.
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Chapter 14: Outcomes Research
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Q1) Which type of study design is commonly used in outcomes studies?
A) Phenomenological
B) Qualitative
C) Quasi-experimental
D) Random-control trial
Q2) What type of sample is generally used in outcomes studies?
A) Small sample
B) Heterogeneous sample
C) Homogeneous sample
D) Volunteer sample
Q3) In outcomes research,a Magnet-designated hospital is an example of which type of variable?
A) Dependent
B) Intervention
C) Outcome
D) Structural
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