Research Methods in Dental Sciences
Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Research Methods in Dental Sciences provides an in-depth exploration of the fundamental principles and techniques used to conduct scientific research in the dental field. This course covers essential topics such as formulating research questions, designing experiments, sampling methods, data collection, statistical analysis, and ethical considerations specific to dental studies. Students will develop the skills necessary to critically appraise existing literature, design robust research protocols, and interpret data relevant to dental practice and public health. Emphasis is placed on the practical application of methodology to advance evidence-based dental care and contribute to the scientific community.
Recommended Textbook
Dental Public Health and Research 4th Edition by Christine N. Nathe
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22 Chapters
546 Verified Questions
546 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Dental Public Health: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) There is a critical shortage of dental assistants in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The dramatic increase in average life span during the 20th century is credited to a public health program such as ________.
A) Community water fluoridation
B) Dental insurance premiums
C) Vaccination
D) Malpractice
E) Both C and D
Answer: C
Q3) The core public health function is ________.
A) Assessment
B) Synopsis
C) Analysis
D) Preface
E) None of the above
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Prevention Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dental hygienists have the ability to improve total health by ________.
A) Applying laminates
B) Restoring teeth
C) Preventing dental diseases
D) Managing health care
E) None of the above
Answer: C
Q2) Dental hygiene was historically founded as which type of profession?
A) Dental public health
B) Cosmetic
C) Restorative
D) Referral
E) Healing
Answer: A
Q3) One mission of the American Dental Hygienists' Association is to ________.
A) Expand member benefits to the entire dental team
B) Increase the membership to include the entire dental team
C) Improve the public's total health
D) Monitor over-the-counter dental products
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Dental Care Delivery in the United States
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program is housed within the Department of Health and Human Services.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Number of available dental care providers
A)Demand
B)Utilization
C)Need
D)Supply
E)2:1
F)1:2
Answer: D
Q3) The government's medical research organization is called ________.
A) Institute of Medicine
B) National Medical Care Health
C) National Institutes of Health
D) Health Care Financing and Research
E) Federation of Medical Investigation
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Dental Hygiene Care Delivery in the Global Community
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Sample Questions
Q1) Germany has no internationally recognized dental hygiene schools.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Red Cross regulates dental hygiene in which country?
A)Dental nurses
B)Dental therapists
C)Switzerland
D)The Netherlands
E)Canada
F)Australia
G)New Zealand
H)Oral health promotion
Q3) Which common standard is required by all dental hygiene schools?
A) Community college matriculation
B) Standardized dental hygiene aptitude test
C) High school matriculation
D) Over 18 years of age
E) None of the above
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Chapter 5: Financing of Dental Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) The federal and state governments' joint program that funds dental care for certain individuals is called ________.
A) Title XX
B) Title XVIII
C) Title XI
D) Title XIX
E) None of the above
Q2) The number given to a specific procedure as designated in the ADA Codes on Dental Procedures and Nomenclature.
A)Premium
B)Procedure numbers
C)Copayment
D)UCR
E)Procedure codes
F)Dental necessity
G)EPSDT
Q3) The delivery of dental care in the United States is mostly a private sector endeavor.
A)True
B)False
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Federal and State Legislation Affecting Dental
Hygiene Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) State dental boards generally govern which profession(s)?
A) Dental hygiene
B) Dentistry
C) School nurses
D) Both A and B
E) None of the above
Q2) Interprets laws
A)Administrative law
B)Judicial branch
C)Executive branch
D)Common law
E)Statutory law
F)Legislative branch
G)Constitutional law
Q3) Which type of law are dental hygiene practice acts considered to be?
A) Common
B) Constitutional
C) Utilization
D) Statutory
E) None of the above
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Advocacy for Dental Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) An individual who causes social, cultural, or behavioral change is called a(n)
A) Change agent
B) Propel agent
C) External agent
D) Internal agent
E) Both A and B
Q2) The attempt to influence or sway others toward a desired position or action is called
A) Ethics
B) Collaboration
C) Lobbying
D) Stimulating
E) None of the above
Q3) A process of evolution is called ________
A) Change
B) Empowerment
C) Cooperation
D) Stimulus
E) All of the above
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Chapter 8: Dental Health Education and Promotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person's behavior intent is a combination of knowledge, values, and attitudes, which is emphasized in which theory?
A) Self-efficacy
B) Maslow's hierarchy
C) Social-cognitive
D) Reasoned action
E) None of the above
Q2) The will of an individual to act is a ________.
A) Behavior habit
B) Promotion
C) Behavior change
D) Motivation
E) None of the above
Q3) Which factor does NOT influence motivation?
A) Attitude
B) Stimulation
C) Competence
D) Need
E) Values
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Chapter 9: Lesson Plan Development
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Q1) Which teaching method uses problem-based learning skills?
A) Discussion
B) Inquiry
C) Case reviews
D) Lecture
E) None of the above
Q2) A verb from the affective domain is ________.
A) Persuade
B) Appreciate
C) Realize
D) Have faith
E) None of the above
Q3) The lowest level of learning is ________.
A) Problem solving
B) Affective
C) Application
D) Knowledge
E) None of the above
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Chapter 10: Target Populations
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Sample Questions
Q1) What disability is either present at birth or occurs during the developmental period?
A) Acute
B) Developmental
C) Life-threatening
D) Accidental
E) None of the above
Q2) A legal barrier to dental care
A)Anorexia nervosa
B)Hearing impairment
C)Faith-based initiatives
D)Visual impairment
E)Lack of faith in treatment
F)Supervision of dental hygienists by dentists
G)Bulimia
Q3) A presentation provided to pregnant women should include information on early childhood caries.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Cultural Competency
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person's ethnicity refers to ________.
A) Cultural heritage
B) Physical characteristics
C) Hair color
D) European country of origin
E) All of the above
Q2) A term used to describe an individual assimilating to another culture by assuming its practices and beliefs is ________.
A) Ethnocentric
B) Acculturate
C) Cross-cultural
D) Cultural diversity
E) All of the above
Q3) The effective integration of a patient's socioethnocultural background into the dental hygiene process of care
A)Cultural competence
B)Oral health disparities
C)Cultural diversity
D)Ethnocentrism
E)Cross-cultural dental hygiene
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Chapter 12: Program Planning
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors uses a six-step model to plan an effective program.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which program is a faith-based initiative?
A)Operation Smile
B)Sandoval Clinic
C)Matthew 25
D)Faith City Clinic
E)Bridgeport School Clinic
F)UNM School Based Dental Clinic
Q3) During which stage does the hygienist analyze the current resources?
A) Planning
B) Evaluation
C) Implementation
D) Dental hygiene diagnosis
E) Assessment
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Program Evaluation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The internal evaluation of a program is referred to as the ________.
A) Quality control evaluation
B) Formative evaluation
C) Assessment force
D) Summative evaluation
E) All of the above
Q2) PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, collects state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences prior to, during, and immediately following pregnancy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Quantitative evaluation generally refers to ________.
A) How well a program did
B) How much a program accomplished
C) How many personnel were used
D) Both A and B
E) None of the above
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Chapter 14: Research in Dental Hygiene
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recalls or reevaluates patient
A)Writes research proposal
B)Conducts literature review
C)Develops research question or hypothesis
D)Conducts research
E)Obtains informed consent and research funding
F)Analyzes and publishes research results
G)Takes survey or makes observations about a population
Q2) Why is dental hygiene research important?
A) To improve the public's oral health
B) To advance and promote the profession of dental hygiene
C) To continue advancing practice
D) All of the above
Q3) Place the Steps of the Scientific Method in the correct order.
Form an educated guess (hypothesis) of the cause of the problem and make predictions based on the hypothesis.
Check and interpret results.
Name the problem or question.
Report results to the scientific community.
Test hypothesis by doing an experiment or study (with proper controls).
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Chapter 15: Ethical Principles in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) What act adds to the confidentiality of patient records?
A) HIPPO
B) HIPAA
C) IRB
D) BEG
E) Both A and B
Q2) Ethical behavior in research may be described as what is ________.
A) Right
B) Legal
C) Fair
D) Both A and B
E) all of the above
Q3) The Tuskegee Syphilis study was conducted by which institution?
A) FDA
B) CDC
C) US PHS
D) FTC
Q4) Ethics, in a "nutshell," is about doing the right thing.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The Research Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of research studies the same population over an extended period of time?
A) Case control
B) Longitudinal study
C) Correlational study
D) Survey
E) Both A and B
Q2) Which type of study is an in-depth report on a single person, group, event, or situation?
A) Quasi-experimental
B) Correlational
C) Case study
D) Experimental
E) None of the above
Q3) Designed to determine the meaning of past events
A)Case report
B)Descriptive approach
C)Case study
D)Historical approach
E)Cohort
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Chapter 17: Biostatistics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Organizes data into mutually exclusive categories that are rank-ordered based on some criterion
A)Scales of measurement
B)Ordinal scale
C)Discrete variable
D)Continuous variable
E)Nominal scale
Q2) A histogram uses dots on a frequency table.
A)True
B)False
Q3) To report an average without a measure of dispersion can misrepresent the data.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The mode is the ________.
A) Most frequently occurring value
B) Average
C) Midpoint
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above
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Chapter 18: Oral Epidemiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The prevention agenda for the United States is discussed in which publication?
A) Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
B) Healthy People 2010
C) Global Oral Data Bank
D) Prevention USA
E) None of the above
Q2) What source contains oral epidemiological data from around the world?
A) Prevention International
B) Federation Dentaire Internationale
C) Global Oral Data Bank
D) International Federation of Dental Hygienists
E) None of the above
Q3) The theory that a disease can be attributed to many factors is termed ________.
A) Multifactorial
B) Cause-and-effect
C) Dimensional
D) Naturalization
E) None of the above
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Chapter 19: Current Oral Epidemiological Findings
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most prevalent disease in children and adults
A)Dental sealants
B)Candidiasis
C)Teenagers
D)Oral cancer
E)Herpes simplex virus
F)Systemic diseases
G)Epidemiology
H)Community water fluoridation
I)Adults
J)Gingivitis
K)Posterior teeth
L)Recurrent aphthous ulcer
M)Anterior teeth
N)Cleft lip/palate
O)Dental caries
P)Endemic
Q2) The host response is important in severe periodontitis.
A)True
B)False
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Evaluation of Scientific Literature and Dental Products
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following parts of a research report should include a detailed description of the research instruments, equipment, procedures, and method of data analysis?
A) Methods and materials
B) Literature review
C) Introduction
D) Results
E) Conclusion
Q2) Currently dental products are under the regulation of which government department?
A) Institute of Medicine
B) Food and Drug Administration
C) Institute of Pharmacy
D) American Dental Association
E) None of the above
Q3) A study should be randomized if at all possible.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 21: Careers in Dental Public Health
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Q1) Which agency was created to treat the ongoing disabilities of veterans that were incurred during military service?
A) Veterans Affairs
B) Federal Bureau of Prisons
C) Military dental clinics
D) Both A and B
E) None of the above
Q2) Dental hygienist working on military veterans
A)Independent contractor on a military base
B)National Health Service Corps hygienist
C)Federal prison
D)Civil servant in a VA hospital
E)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Q3) The COSTEP program is part of which agency?
A) Institute of Medicine
B) Bureau of Prisons
C) National Civil Corps
D) Public Health Service
E) None of the above
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Strategies for Creating Dental Hygiene
Positions in Dental Public Health Settings
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Sample Questions
Q1) Educating and promoting dental health
A)Promotion
B)Distribution plan
C)Product
D)Price
Q2) Public relations planning should commence during which stage?
A) Assessment
B) Planning
C) Dental hygiene diagnosis
D) Evaluation
E) Implementation
Q3) Continuous refinement of your services is called ________.
A) Management
B) Sales
C) Personnel
D) Service development
E) Marketing
Q4) Resolving conflicts is a mandatory management skill for the dental hygienist.
A)True
B)False
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