Research Methods in Criminology Test Bank
Course Introduction
Research Methods in Criminology introduces students to the fundamental principles and techniques used in criminological research. The course covers the design and implementation of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies, emphasizing the importance of ethical considerations and critical analysis. Students learn to develop research questions, conduct literature reviews, select appropriate methodologies, collect and analyze data, and interpret findings in the context of criminological theory and practice. Through hands-on projects and case studies, students gain practical experience in applying research methods to real-world issues within the criminal justice system.
Recommended Textbook
Essential Criminal Justice and Criminology Research Methods 1st Edition by Peter B. Kraska
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12 Chapters
395 Verified Questions
395 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Criminal Justice and Criminology Research:
Mapping the Terrain
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how the knowledge-power dynamic relates to criminological/criminal justice research.
Answer: -Research-based knowledge,if perceived as legitimate and accurate,holds tremendous capacity to influence others.
-With regard to power generating knowledge,the government helps to pay for the research.
-The trends and issues we research are highly contested and loaded with vested interests: the causes and pains of violence against children,the state execution of convicted murderers,the recent history of terrorism and how to control it,the use and distribution of illegal drugs,and the rapid growth in the number of criminal laws.
-Our field of study possesses tremendous potential to shed much needed empirical light on these types of topics and issues.The knowledge-power dynamic,however,instructs us on the importance of generating credible knowledge only through the most rigorous social scientific methods,independent,the extent possible,of dominant interests. -Research holds tremendous power to influence,yet the researcher must be diligent to resist being unduly influenced by those in power.
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Nature of Science and Research
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Academic freedom is the existence of an open and largely unrestricted atmosphere for the free exchange of ideas and information.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Scientists should accept new ideas or evidence in a carefree,uncritical manner.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Like the quantitative researcher,a qualitative researcher will select a topic,design a study,collect data,analyze data,and interpret data.However,the qualitative researcher often collects,analyzes,and interprets data simultaneously,or goes back and forth between these steps.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Philosophical and Theoretical Foundations
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ___________________ is an approach to research that emphasizes the systematic analysis and detailed study of people and text in order to arrive at understandings and interpretations of how people construct and maintain meaning within their social worlds.
A)the social construction of reality
B)human agency
C)verstehen
D)interpretive social science
Answer: D
Q2) The idea that each of us carries with us an enormous stock of theoretical knowledge essential for making sense of our surroundings is known as a personal theoretical framework.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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5
Chapter 4: Ethics and Reviewing the Literature
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the _____________________ male college students were divided into two role-playing groups: guards and prisoners.
A)Humphreys's "tearoom trade" research
B)Douglas Harper visual experience
C)Stanley Milgram's obedience study
D)Zimbardo prison experiment
Q2) The role a field researcher adopts where he or she does not disclose to the research subjects the purpose or objective of the study.
A)shallow cover
B)explicit cover
C)illicit observation
D)covert observation
Q3) A methodological review.A specialized type of integrative review in which the author compares and evaluates the relative methodological strength of various studies and shows how different methodologies (e.g. ,research designs,measures,samples)account for different results.This is generally used in quantitative research.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Quantitative and Qualitative Research Design
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Similar to storytelling,the quantitative researcher stitches,edits,and puts slices of reality together in order to create a new,more comprehendible representation of that reality.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A researcher who has data on how individuals behave but makes statements about the dynamics of macrolevel units is committing the error of reductionism.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The values or the categories of a variable are its ________________(e.g. ,male/female,murder/assault).It is easy to confuse variables with attributes.
A)intervening variable
B)independent variable
C)dependent variable.
D)attributes
Q4) Explain the four types of triangulation.
Q5) What are the best ways to select topic for research?
Q6) What are the differences between quantitative and qualitative research?
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Chapter 6: Quantitative and Qualitative Measurement and Sampling
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________________ is a level of measurement that identifies differences among variable attributes,ranks categories,and measures distance between categories,but there is no true zero.
A)Ordinal-level measurement
B)Ratio-level measurement
C)Nominal-level measurement
D)Interval-level measurement
Q2) Sampling ratio is a sample in which the sampling elements are selected using something other than a mathematically random process.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In simple random sampling,a researcher develops an accurate sampling frame,selects cases from the sampling frame according to a mathematically random procedure,and then locates the exact case that was selected for inclusion in the sample.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the different types of probability sampling.
Q5) List and describe the types of measurement reliability and validity.
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Chapter 7: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Criminal
Justice Research
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________________,or attrition,arises when some subjects do not continue throughout the experiment.
A)selection bias
B)experimental mortality
C)treatment integrity
D)Internal validity
Q2) List and describe the major threats to internal validity.
Q3) A threat to internal validity due to something that occurs and affects the dependent variable during an experiment,but that is unplanned and outside the control of the experimenter is known as ________________.
A)testing effect
B)instrumentation
C)history effects
D)maturation effect
Q4) When subjects do not receive the real treatment and instead receive a placebo or imitation treatment but respond as though they have received the real treatment
Hawthorne effect
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Survey and Interview Methods
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because people always complete and return questionnaires,the best thing about mail questionnaires is a low response rate.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In surveys,researchers place people in groups,test one or two hypotheses with a few variables,control the timing of the treatment,note associations between the treatment and the dependent variable,and control for alternative explanations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Oftentimes,a seasoned researcher will talk and interact directly with those types of people they will be surveying in order to ensure the relevance of the questions they're asking.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What should you avoid when writing survey questions?
Q5) What kind of questions are appropriate for survey research? Give examples.
Q6) Explain the naïve assumption model of survey interviews.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Nonreactive Research: Content Analysis and Existing Documentsstatistics
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ______________ is a technique that checks to see whether the coding is stable or changing.
A)Intercoder reliability
B)stability reliability
C)manifest coding
D)fallacy of misplaced concreteness
Q2) ________________ simply means counting whether or not something occurs and,if it occurs,how often.
A)Direction
B)Intensity
C)Frequency
D)Space
Q3) Explain the categories of unobtrusive measures.
Q4) Existing documents and data sets are trouble free because a government agency or other source gathered the original data.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Latent coding tends to be more reliable than manifest coding.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Crime and Justice Ethnographic Field Research
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Qualitative data in which a researcher ignores most of the details of a social setting in and in order to convey a superficial feel for the setting and the outer lives of people in it is known as thick description.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ____________ is form of research which describes a culture and understanding another way of life from the native point of view.
A)cartography
B)tacit knowledge
C)ethnography
D)explicit knowledge
Q3) A focus group is a special qualitative research technique in which people are informally interviewed in a group discussion setting.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are some of the things that fieldworkers do?
Q5) What are the steps in field research?
Q6) What are the characteristics of an ideal field informant?
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Chapter 11: Historical, Qualitative, Document Analysis, Academic Legal,
and Mixed Methods
Research
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The idea that the law is established initially through statute passed by legislatures and ultimately through judicial rulings made in individual cases s referred to as:
A)Legal authority
B)Stare decisis
C)Primary authority
D)Secondary authority
Q2) The search for legal authority conducted by legal professionals designed to convince the courts of a particular legal position is referred to as
A)Quantitative research
B)Academic legal research
C)Technical legal research
D)Qualitative document analysis
Q3) Once the document passes as being authentic ________________ is used as an examination of the document's contents to establish credibility
A)internal criticism
B)bowdlerization
C)external criticism
D)dialogical criticism
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Analysis of Quantitative and Qualitative Data
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Data ___________ means systematically reorganizing raw data into a format that is machine readable (i.e. ,easy to analyze using computers).
A)precoding
B)codebook
C)coding procedure
D)coding
Q2) Besides frequency distributions,criminologists often use graphs and charts to summarize univariate statistics.Some common types of graphic representations Are the _________________,bar chart,and pie chart.
A)mode
B)frequency polygon
C)histogram
D)frequency distribution
Q3) ___________ statistics portray phenomena using numbers.
A)descriptive
B)statistics
C)univariate
D)multivariate
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