Research Methods in Criminal Justice
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of the fundamental research methods used in the field of criminal justice. Students will gain an understanding of both qualitative and quantitative research designs, data collection techniques, and the ethical considerations essential to conducting research involving criminal justice topics. Emphasis is placed on the development of research questions, sampling methods, data analysis, and interpretation of results. Through practical exercises and case studies, students will learn how to critically evaluate existing research, design their own studies, and apply research findings to real-world criminal justice issues.
Recommended Textbook Essentials of Research Methods for Criminal Justice 3rd Edition by Frank E. Hagan
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Criminal Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) The study of research methods primarily has to do with studying statistics.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following was not mentioned by Williams as a factor in "The Demise of the Criminological Imagination"?
A) an overabundance of theory at the expense of research
B) an overemphasis upon "empirical scientism"
C) a critical intellectual environment nurtured in the sixties
D) the rise of criminal justice as a discipline
Answer: A
Q3) _________________ is Max Weber's term for a research strategy in which researchers immerse themselves in the subject matter and develop "sensitizing concepts."
Answer: Verstehen
Q4) Theory is as necessary in the production of valid criminal justice research as method.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Ethics in Criminal Justice Research
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Q1) How might ethical problems in criminal justice research be avoided?
Answer: Answers will vary
Q2) Since until recently there has been no professional code of ethics governing research in criminal justice, it is safe to assume that most criminal justice researchers do not conduct themselves ethically in performing research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Plagiarism is a type of fraud in which a writer presents the ideas or work of someone else as his or her own.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Ethical guidelines of the Department of _________________ provide a model for most other federal agencies with respect to informed consent and protection of human subjects in social and biomedical research.
Answer: Health and Human services
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Chapter 3: Research Design: the Experimental Model and Its
Variations
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Q1) Biological or psychological changes in the respondents during the course of a study which are not due to the experimental variable are called:
A) maturation
B) testing
C) instrumentation
D) experimental mortality
Answer: A
Q2) The best way of avoiding selection bias in research is to employ volunteers.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Which of the following is used to refer to situations in which respondents are aware they are being studied and thus behave atypically?
A) Hawthorne Effect
B) Response Set
C) Halitosis Factor
D) Statistical Regression
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: The Uniform Crime Reports and Sampling
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Q1) In the UCR, Part II crimes are called index offenses.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What type of sampling procedure is most useful for participant observation studies?
A) stratified
B) cluster
C) snowball
D) probability
Q3) The UCR includes most victimless and white collar crimes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The hierarchy rule as used in the original UCR system:
A) reports only the most serious offense
B) orders factors according to importance
C) describes index offenses first
D) excludes Part II offenses
Q5) _________________ samples rely on knowledge of the distribution of a population's characteristics to choose a sample that assures representativeness of these characteristics.
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Chapter 5: Survey Research: Questionnaires
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Q1) In organizing a questionnaire it is best to get sensitive items such as income out of the way early.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Discuss some general guidelines for questionnaire construc tion.
Q3) Surveys record either expressed attitudes or claimed behavior and seldom the behavior itself.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Drug Use Forecasting Program, while innovative, lacks any means of validation.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The average response rate in academic surveys in 1995 was approximately 80 percent.
A)True
B)False
Q6) groups are purposively selected groups brought to gether in order to measure their reaction to some stimuli.
Q7) What are some ways of increasing responses in mail surveys?
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Chapter 6: Survey Research: Interviews and Telephone
Surveys
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Q1) The purpose of the crime panel with repeat interviews every six months is to bound or provide a benchmark for crime reports.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Most victim surveys exclude nonresidents and foreign tourists, an omission which tends to underestimate the crime report.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The National Crime Victimization Survey has traditionally operationalized homicide very well.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is not true with respect to a comparison between the UCR and the NCVS?
A) the NCVS counts information only on the crimes coming to police attention
B) the UCR counts crime against all age groups
C) the NCVS counts only crimes against persons age 17 and older
D) the NCVS counts crimes against households
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Chapter 7: Participant Observation and Case Studies
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Q1) The "Chicago School of Sociology" in the twenties was a leading advocate of field studies.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The ABA single subject design is an example of a reversal design.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Pseudonyms are employed in field studies in order to:
A) protect the identity of researchers
B) protect the identity of respondents
C) protect the identity of sponsors
D) protect the identity of politicians
Q4) Single subject designs are more practical for clinical service providers than group designs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss some of the major arguments that have been presented against quantitative studies such as surveys and experiments in criminal justice.Do you agree or disagree with these arguments? Explain.
Q6) Identify and discuss the following three designs: ABA, ABAB, ABACA.
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Chapter 8: Unobtrusive Measures, Secondary Analysis, and the
Uses of Official Statistics
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Q1) The best test of the usefulness of a content analysis scheme is its replicability. A)True
B)False
Q2) There is not general agreement among criminologists that disguised observation is unethical.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The National Archive of Criminal Justice Data is an electronic library of primary data. A)True
B)False
Q4) _________________ collect felony arrest records from participating states and details such cases from booking to final disposition.
Q5) Confederates refer to those who intrude and eventually de stroy one's ability to perform an unobtrusive study.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss and give some examples of the major types of unobtrusive methods.
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Chapter 9: Validity, Reliability, and Triangulated Strategies
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Q1) Triangulated strategies assume that the problem is not with respect to the inadequacy of any particular method, but that the method is used alone.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The test-retest method is the most widely used means of establishing the reliability of attitude scales.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The type of validity that asks, "Does it work?" is called:
A) face
B) pragmatic
C) endemic
D) construct
Q4) "Different measures should yield the same result" is a description of:
A) convergent validity
B) construct validity
C) discriminant validity
D) pragmatic validity
Q5) Discuss the three primary methods of attempting to demonstrate reliability.
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Chapter 10: Scaling and Index Construction
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Q1) The Likert procedure, similar to the Thurstone method, relies upon judges to decide scale items.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A major problem with Likert scales is that on the basis of the total scale score it is impossible to accurately predict the exact endorsement of items.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In which type of scales is the notion of reproducibility important?
A) Thurstone
B) Likert
C) Guttman
D) Factor
Q4) Q sort methodology is a variation of the Thurstone method in which the respondents themselves sort items.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A Likert scale eliminates items that do not _________________ between the highest and lowest scores.
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Chapter 11: Policy Analysis and Evaluation Research
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Q1) A type of applied research which is intended to guide public policy is called:
A) evaluation research
B) policy analysis
C) systems model
D) monitoring
Q2) There has been far too much use of replication in criminal justice research, which amounts to little more than re discovering the wheel.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The _________________ , which is the research branch of the U.S.Department of Justice, is the major funder of criminal justice research.
Q4) A key notion which distinguishes evaluation research from standard social research is:
A) utilization
B) design of instruments
C) data analysis
D) research design
Q5) _________________ experiments are applied field experiments with immediate practical policy implications.
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