Research Methods in Business
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Research Methods in Business is a foundational course designed to equip students with the essential concepts, tools, and techniques necessary to conduct systematic and rigorous research in the business environment. The course covers both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, exploring topics such as research design, data collection, data analysis, sampling techniques, and ethical considerations in research. Through practical exercises and case studies, students will learn how to formulate research questions, critically evaluate business problems, and present data-driven insights to inform strategic decision-making. The skills gained in this course prepare students for more advanced research projects and professional roles requiring analytical acumen in a business context.
Recommended Textbook
Business Research Methods 12th Edition by Donald R. Cooper
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Chapter 1: Research in Business
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT a possible source of business intelligence?
A) Competitor web sites
B) Government reports
C) Business research reports
D) Clipping services
E) All of the above are possible sources
Answer: E
Q2) What is the difference between applied research and basic research?
Answer: Applied research is research that has a practical problem-solving emphasis and is conducted to reveal answers to specific questions related to action,performance,or policy needs.Basic research is designed to solve problems of a theoretical nature with little direct impact on strategic or tactical decisions.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT included in the statement of the decision problem?
A) Scope
B) Limitations
C) Precise meaning of all terms
D) Desired procedures
E) Organizational symptoms
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Ethics in Business Research
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Q1) Which form of nondisclosure protects a sponsor from revealing its plans to competitors?
A) Purpose nondisclosure
B) Findings nondisclosure
C) Identity nondisclosure
D) Sponsor nondisclosure
E) Facts nondisclosure
Answer: D
Q2) What activities are involved in debriefing participants? When should participants be debriefed?
Answer: Participants should be debriefed in any situation where participants are intentionally or accidentally deceived.The debriefing occurs after the research is complete.Debriefing involves several activities including providing an explanation of the deception,describing the purpose of the study,sharing of the results,and following up with medical or psychological attention.
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Chapter 3: Thinking Like a Researcher
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Q1) Variables that may take on values within a given range,or an infinite set are called _____ variables.
A) discrete
B) dichotomous
C) continuous
D) dependent
E) mediating
Answer: C
Q2) Jack observes his neighbor's purchase behavior with new automobiles.His neighbor purchases a new car every year and always seems to have a nicer model than the year before.Jack thinks the dealership must sell to his neighbor's fascination with new car styles.In this example,interest in new car styles is a _____.
A) construct
B) fact
C) concept
D) theory
E) model
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: The Research Process: an Overview
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Q1) If a _____ sampling design is chosen,the process for choosing the sample must give every person within the target population a known nonzero chance of selection.
A) census
B) judgment
C) nonprobability
D) probability
E) primary
Q2) What are the three types of budgets in organizations where research is purchased and cost containment is crucial? List and describe each one.Is one more desirable than the others? Explain.
Q3) McGraw-Hill is planning a study of educator preferences to determine the needs of college instructors.Because of the number of college instructors,McGraw-Hill will select a portion of the target population,known as a(n)_____,to participate in the study.
A) element
B) sample
C) sampling frame
D) census
E) extent
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Chapter 5: Clarifying the Research Question Through
Secondary Data and Exploration
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Q1) Southwest Airlines applied mathematical models to determine which customers in its database were currently responsible for most of its profitability and which customers were not currently profitable but had similar characteristics to the most profitable customers.Southwest Airlines utilized _____ to identify these customers.
A) computer programming
B) data warehousing
C) customer relationships management
D) data mining
E) intervention
Q2) _____ are original works of research or raw data without interpretation that represent an official opinion or position.
A) Secondary sources
B) Primary sources
C) Statistical sources
D) Bibliographies
E) Indexes
Q3) Explain the steps involved in the data mining process.
Q4) What are the five factors a manager should consider when evaluating an information source? Explain each one.
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Chapter 6: Research Design: An Overview
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Q1) In the best-selling book,Good to Great,the author examined the characteristics of eleven highly successful companies by studying the full context of each organization,using multiple sources of information,and identifying the relationship between managerial decisions and success.This is an example of a(n)_____.
A) case study
B) exploratory study
C) descriptive study
D) statistical study
E) causal study
Q2) The major relationships of interest to the research analyst are those which are A) Asymmetrical
B) Exclusive
C) Independent
D) Reciprocal
E) Symmetrical
Q3) What is an asymmetrical relationship? List and explain the four types of asymmetrical relationships that a research may observe.
Q4) Compare and contrast the cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.
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Chapter 7: Qualitative Research
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Q1) Jackson is conducting interviews to identify patterns in consumer decision making for high-involvement products.Which type of interview should he use if he needs a high degree of comparability among responses,no question variability,and to maintain his own neutrality during the interviews?
A) Unstructured
B) Structured
C) Semistructured
D) Closed-ended
E) Briefing
Q2) Which type of nonprobability sampling technique is most useful when individuals with the desired characteristics,experiences,or attitudes are difficult to identify or reach?
A) Random sampling
B) Purposive sampling
C) Convenience sampling
D) Snowball sampling
E) Quota sampling
Q3) How can researchers increase the confidence business decision makers have in qualitative data?
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Chapter 8: Observation Studies
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Q1) In one episode of a television show two characters make fun of each other's pronunciation peculiarities and characteristic expressions.Character A over-enunciate his words.Character B makes fun of others by asking the question like "Could you BE any more annoying?" Which dimension of extralinguistic activity is being addressed in this example?
A) vocal
B) Temporal
C) Interaction
D) Verbal stylistic
E) Spatial
Q2) Research designs are classified as communication or observation by the approach used to gather primary data.Identify five conditions under which observation is an appropriate method for data collection.
Q3) Nonverbal observation can be performed by _____ and _____.
A) people; machines
B) psychologists; psychiatrists
C) video; audio
D) sociologists; anthropologists
E) physical condition analysis; process analysis
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Chapter 9: Experiments
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Q1) True experimental designs differ from pre-experimental designs in that _____.
A) true experimental designs use random assignment
B) pre-experimental designs include the use of a control group
C) pre-experimental designs include the use of pre-tests
D) true experimental designs include multiple treatment groups
E) pre-experimental designs have fewer threats to internal validity
Q2) Which threat to internal validity is largely overcome by using random assignment of participants to experimental and control groups?
A) History
B) Maturation
C) Selection
D) Instrumentation
E) Mortality
Q3) To evaluate the effect of the treatment in a pretest,posttest control group design,_____ is calculated.
A) (O2-O1) - (O4-O3)
B) O1-O3
C) O4-O3
D) O2-O3
E) O4-O2
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Chapter 10: Surveys
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Q1) The tendency for respondents to give answers that are perceived as being socially desirable,whether or not the answers are truthful,is known as _____.
A) nonresponse
B) item nonresponse
C) acquiescence
D) social desirability responding
E) impression management
Q2) The tendency for respondents to be agreeable is called _____.
A) social desirability responding
B) acquiescence
C) elaboration likelihood
D) agreeableness
E) conscientiousness
Q3) Which type of incentive has been shown to consistently improve response rates to surveys?
A) Free product samples
B) Money
C) Gift certificates
D) Prize draw chance
E) Receipt of post-study results
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Chapter 11: Measurement
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Q1) To ride the roller coaster ride at an amusement park,customers must report their weight to the ride attendant.Which of the following characteristics are exhibited by weight?
A) Classification only
B) Classification and order
C) Classification, order, and distance
D) Classification, order, distance, and origin
E) Classification, order, distance, origin, and exclusivity
Q2) Attendance at raceways most recent two races have hit attendance records with 60,000 present at one and 65,000 present at another.Which of the following characteristics are exhibited by these attendance measures?
A) Classification only
B) Classification and order
C) Classification, order, and distance
D) Classification, order, distance, and origin
E) Classification, order, distance, origin, and exclusivity
Q3) What are the three dimensions of reliability? For each dimension,explain its meaning.What type of test can be used to assess each dimension?
Q4) Explain the three characteristics of a good measurement tool.
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Chapter 12: Measurement Scales
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Q1) The data obtained from a Stapel scale can be analyzed in the same way as data obtained with a _____ scale.
A) dichotomous
B) constant sum
C) semantic differential
D) multiple-choice, multiple-response
E) graphic rating scale
Q2) When a scale seeks to measure only one attribute of the participant or object it is said to be _____.
A) conative
B) affective
C) unidimensional
D) multidimensional
E) balanced
Q3) A scalogram analysis should be used with which of the following scale types.
A) Dichotomous scale
B) Multiple choice-single response scale
C) Cumulative scale
D) Constant-sum scale
E) Graphical rating scale
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Chapter 13: Questionnaires and Instruments
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Q1) Every time a RedBox customer returns a movie,RedBox sends an email that asks the customer to evaluate the movie relative to other movies previously rented on a scale of 1 to 5.A 5 means that the customer thought this movie was better than most others previously rented while a 1 means that the movie is among the worst rented.In this example,RedBox is using a(n)_____ question to learn customer preferences.
A) administrative
B) checklist
C) ranking
D) rating
E) semantic differential
Q2) Every time a Netflix customer rents a movie,Netflix asks the customer to evaluate the movie on a scale of 1 to 5.A 5 means that the customer thoroughly enjoyed the movie while a 1 means that the customer hated the movie.Netflix is using a(n)_____ question to learn customer preferences.
A) administrative
B) checklist
C) ranking
D) rating
E) semantic differential
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Chapter 14: Sampling
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Q1) Assuming that the sample frame is appropriate,systematic variance can be minimized in a study by _____.
A) decreasing the sample size
B) increasing the sample size
C) contacting nonrespondents
D) increasing response rates
E) matching
Q2) The list of elements in a population from which the sample is actually drawn is known as the _____.
A) sample frame
B) population extent
C) database
D) sampling base
E) population directory
Q3) What is the difference between a probability sample and a nonprobability sample? Which one is preferred by researchers? Explain.
Q4) Explain the rationale for sampling rather than using a census for every study.
Q5) Compare and contrast stratified sampling and cluster sampling.
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Chapter 15: Data Preparation and Description
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Q1) In the array provided,what is the median?
A) 7
B) 9
C) 10
D) 15
E) Both A and B
Q2) You receive a call from your cell phone service provider with questions about your satisfaction of their service.You cell phone service provider automatically records your answers as you give them and software translates those answers into into a data record.You service provider is using ______ for data entry.
A) Optical Mark Recognition
B) Optical Character Recognition
C) Field editing
D) Voice Recognition
E) None of the above
Q3) What is meant by stemming,aliasing,and the use of exclusion filters in content analysis software applications?
Q4) Why might a data record suffer from missing data? Explain the techniques researchers may use to handle missing data during data analysis.
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Chapter 16: Exploring,Displaying,and Examining Data
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Q1) Which of the research questions/hypotheses below is best answered using cross-tabulations?
A) What percentage of men and women prefer brand A over brand B?
B) What percentage of residents shop at the local grocery store?
C) Is brand loyalty related to brand image?
D) What happens to sales when prices drop?
E) Where do most of our consumers live?
Q2) Data analysis is _____ when the analytical process is guided by classical statistical inference in its use of significance and confidence.
A) confirmatory
B) descriptive
C) exploratory
D) conclusive
E) forensic
Q3) Which of the following statistics is nonresistant?
A) Median
B) Mode
C) Range
D) Quartiles
E) Standard deviation
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Chapter 17: Hypothesis Testing
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Q1) What is the difference between a Type I error and a Type II error? How are the two errors related?
Q2) Which type of error is also known as alpha?
A) Type I error
B) Type II error
C) Beta error
D) Standard error
E) Demand error
Q3) The most common level of significance used in hypothesis testing is _____.
A) .05
B) .10
C) .25
D) .90
E) .95
Q4) Which of the following is NOT true of the Kruskal-Wallis test?
A) It is a one-way analysis of variance by ranks
B) It assumes random selection
C) It assumes a continuous distribution
D) It is used with two-related samples
E) All of the above are true
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Chapter 18: Measures of Association
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Q1) A visual depiction of the interaction of two variables,showing both direction and shape of the relationship is called _______.
A) a Chi-square statistic
B) a scatterplot
C) a box plot
D) a positive correlation
E) a negative correlation
Q2) The _____ is the change in Y for a 1-unit change in X.
A) regression coefficient
B) slope
C) intercept
D) constant
E) error term
Q3) What size of cross-tabulation table is best for applying phi?
A) 2 x 2
B) 2 x 3
C) 3 x 3
D) 3 x 4
E) Any size
Q4) Briefly explain how a researcher can benefit from using scatterplots.
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Chapter 19: Presenting Insights and Findings: Written Reports
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Q1) A statistical presentation technique used for time series and frequency distributions over time is called a _____.
A) boxplot
B) bar graph
C) pie chart
D) line graph
E) Pareto diagram
Q2) All of the following are contained in a written research report EXCEPT _____.
A) findings
B) analysis of findings
C) interpretations
D) conclusions
E) all of the above are part of a written research report
Q3) The letter of transmittal in the written research report includes a discussion of all of the following except _____.
A) scope of report
B) authorization for the project
C) limitations of the study
D) recognition of the person who prepared the report
E) purpose of the study
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Chapter 20: Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations
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Q1) If you were creating a slide for an oral research presentation,what characteristic would you aim for?
A) Low word count and the 10-20-30 rule.
B) Simplicity by considering using a title only.
C) Keep it simple and choose a font size = oldest audience member age/2.
D) Develop a slideument similar to those recommended by PowerPoint and that have served presenters well for over a decade.
E) All but D
Q2) An optimal strategy for coping with performance anxiety includes ____.
A) eliminates the imagination of negative possibilities, and think about the positive outcomes of a successful presentation
B) remember that one cannot control other's reactions or judgments, but only one's own performance
C) refocus one's attention away from self and increase one's awareness of others, without considering them as judges
D) reduce the imagined power of others by increasing the sense of one's own power
E) all of the above
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Chapter 21: Appendix 1A: How the Industry Works
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Q1) Which of the following is an advantage of using an omnibus study?
A) Ability to reach a convenience sample of consumers
B) Cost of less than $2000 per question
C) Ability to receive full-service research services
D) Ability to receive results in 24-48 hours
E) All of the above
Q2) Most firms in the business research industry are _____.
A) syndicated data providers
B) small firms and one-person shops
C) large full-service suppliers
D) wholesale distributors
E) advertising agencies
Q3) Specialty firms can establish expertise in all of the following areas except _____.
A) methodology
B) process
C) industry
D) incentives
E) geographic region
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Chapter 22: Appendix 5A and 5B: Bibliographic Database
Searchers and Advanced Searches
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Q1) Which source of information listed below lists members of congress and congressional committees as well as key personnel throughout the U.S.government?
A) ABI/Inform
B) Congressional Directory
C) U.S. Government Manual
D) J.D. Power
E) Monthly Catalog of U.S. Government Publications
Q2) The search engine consists of?
A) A set of linked documents.
B) A set of computerized databases.
C) An Internet "crawler" and the "indexer" to prepare searchable indexes.
D) All of the above.
Q3) Boolean operators enable a search to _____.
A) combine terms or sets of terms
B) identify which source fits the search term the best
C) identify the most current source
D) eliminate sources that lack credibility
E) include encyclopedia listings
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Chapter 23: Appendix 9B: Test Markets
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Q1) Burger King is examining the sales potential for a new burger,the Western Angus Ranch burger,by offering the product for sale at 10 randomly selected Burger King locations.Burger King is using a(n)_____ to test the potential for this product.
A) static group comparison
B) standard test market
C) electronic test market
D) controlled test market
E) simulated test market
Q2) A _____ is a controlled experiment conducted in a carefully chosen marketplace to measure and predict sales or profitability of a product.
A) pretest-posttest control group
B) test market
C) simulation
D) replication
E) research and development test
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Chapter 24: Appendix: Multivariate Supplement
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Q1) Which of the following statistical techniques predicts or explains the value for a dependent variable using the values of independent variables?
A) Factor analysis
B) Multivariate analysis of variance
C) Multiple regression
D) Multidimensional scaling
E) Discriminant analysis
Q2) Which of the following statements is not an objective of discriminant analysis?
A) Examination of whether significant differences exist among the groups, in terms of the criterion variables
B) Determination of which predictor variables contribute to most of the intergroup differences
C) Classification of cases to one of the groups based on the values of the predictor variables
D) Evaluation of the accuracy of classification
E) All of the above are objectives of discriminant analysis
Q3) List and explain the five steps researchers take when using structural equation modeling.
Q4) List the five steps that are basic to most cluster studies.
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