Research Design and Analysis in Criminology
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles and practices of research design and data analysis within the context of criminology. Students will explore the process of formulating research questions, selecting appropriate methodologies, and employing both quantitative and qualitative research strategies to investigate crime and criminal behavior. Emphasis is placed on understanding sampling techniques, measurement validity and reliability, ethical considerations, and the interpretation of statistical results. By critically evaluating existing criminological research and conducting hands-on data analysis, students will develop the skills necessary to design robust research projects and contribute to evidence-based policy and practice in the field of criminology.
Recommended Textbook
Essential Criminal Justice and Criminology Research Methods 1st Edition by
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
12 Chapters
395 Verified Questions
395 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3862
Page 2
Peter B. Kraska
Chapter 1: Criminal Justice and Criminology Research:
Mapping the Terrain
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/76966
Sample Questions
Q1) _________________ as a collection of social science methods applied systematically to generate knowledge about crime and justice phenomena.
A)crime and justice research
B)knowledge-power dynamic
C)critical thinking
D)crime and justice phenomena
Answer: A
Q2) _________________ attempts to make theoretical sense of documents by analyzing their cultural meaning.The content of documents is generally seen as its "text," but recently this genre of inquiry includes visual images as well (still pictures and video images).
A)ethnographic field research
B)qualitative document analysis
C)historical research
D)academic legal research
Answer: B
Q3) Qualitative research as using numerically based data, A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 2: The Nature of Science and Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/76967
Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers using _____________________ examine features of people or other units at more than one point in time.
A)cross-sectional research
B)time-series research
C)panel study
D)longitudinal research
Answer: D
Q2) ____________________ is the scientific norm that says that producing knowledge is a public act and the findings should be available for all to use.In order for it to be accepted into the community,it must be rigorously reviewed.
A)disinterestedness
B)universalism
C)research honesty
D)communalism
Answer: D
Q3) Scientists should accept new ideas or evidence in a carefree,uncritical manner.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 4
Chapter 3: Philosophical and Theoretical Foundations
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/76968
Sample Questions
Q1) Whereas PSS assumes determinism,ISS emphasizes voluntary individual free choice,sometimes called ____________________ .
A)the social construction of reality
B)human agency
C)verstehen
D)interpretive social science
Answer: B
Q2) An ______________ position states that what people see and touch (i.e. ,empirical reality)is not overly complex.
A)epistemology
B)positivist social science
C)falsification doctrine
D)essentialist
Answer: D
Q3) A hypothesis is a theoretical statement that specifies the relationship between two or more concepts (variables)and says something about the kind of relationship it is.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 5
Chapter 4: Ethics and Reviewing the Literature
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/76969
Sample Questions
Q1) ___________ is the role a field researcher adopts where he or she reveals research is being conducted but is vague about its details.
A)shallow cover
B)explicit cover
C)illicit observation
D)covert observation
Q2) _____________ means that participants can become aware of their rights and what they are getting involved in when they read and sign a statement giving,a written agreement to participate given by people after they learn something about the research procedure.
A)utilitarianism
B)involuntary consent
C)voluntary consent
D)informed consent
Q3) The __________________ is based on three moral principles.
A)IRB
B)feminist/critical model of research ethics
C)codes of ethics
D)RIH
Q4) What are the general principles of ethical research?
Page 6
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Quantitative and Qualitative Research Design
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/76970
Sample Questions
Q1) Experimental hypothesis thinking rests on the assumption that researchers try to discover a relationship,so hypothesis testing should be designed to make finding a relationship more demanding.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A ____________ is an interpretation where the researcher links the second order interpretation to general theories and larger social/cultural/historical contexts.
A)first-order interpretation
B)second-order interpretation
C)third-order interpretation
D)fourth-order interpretation
Q3) A ____________ is a form of circular reasoning in which someone appears to say something new but is really talking in circles and making a statement that is true by definition.
A)tautology
B)teleology
C)ecological fallacy
D)reductionism
Q4) Explain the four types of triangulation.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Quantitative and Qualitative Measurement and Sampling
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/76971
Sample Questions
Q1) ____________means dependability or consistency.It suggests that if the same measure is repeated or recurs under similar conditions,the same result will occur.
A)Validity
B)Reliability
C)Operationalization
D)Conceptualization
Q2) ___________ uses some standard or criterion to indicate a construct accurately.The validity of an indicator is verified by comparing it with another measure of the same construct in which a researcher has confidence.
A)Concurrent validity
B)Predictive validity
C)Content validity
D)Criterion validity
Q3) Haphazard sampling is a nonrandom sample in which the researcher first identifies general categories into which cases or people will be selected,and then he or she selects cases to reach a predetermined number of cases in each category.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Criminal
Justice Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/76972
Sample Questions
Q1) Reactivity,then,is the ability to generalize experimental findings to events and settings outside the experiment itself.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An experimental design in which the dependent variable is measured periodically across many time points,and the treatment occurs in the midst of such measures,often only once is called a ___________________.
A)interrupted time-series design
B)one-group pretest-posttest design
C)one-shot case-study design
D)classical experimental design
Q3) Experimenter expectancy is a type of reactivity and threat to internal validity due to the experimenter indirectly making subjects aware of the hypothesis or desired results.
A)True
B)False
Q4) List and describe the major threats to internal validity.
Q5) What are the principles for accessing the feasibility of crime and justice experiments?
9
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 8: Survey and Interview Methods
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/76973
Sample Questions
Q1) Studies show that survey formats that permit greater respondent anonymity,such as a self-administered questionnaire or Internet-based survey,decrease the likelihood of honest responses over formats that involve interacting with another person,such as in a face-to-face or telephone interview.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An ________________(unstructured,free response)simply asks a question to which respondents can give any answer (e.g. ,"What is the most serious factor affecting morale in this agency?").
A)double-barreled question
B)leading question
C)open-ended question
D)closed-ended question
Q3) Explain the naïve assumption model of survey interviews.
Q4) What should you avoid when writing survey questions?
Q5) What kind of questions are appropriate for survey research? Give examples.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
10
Chapter 9: Nonreactive Research: Content Analysis and Existing Documentsstatistics
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/76974
Sample Questions
Q1) __________________ is another name for nonreactive measures that emphasizes how the people being studied are not aware of it because the measures do not intrude
A)archival material
B)nonreactive data
C)unobtrusive measures
D)physical traces
Q2) Nonreactive variables often have stronger validity because they do not measure the construct of interest.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ___________ are the physical remains of human activity.
A)archival material
B)nonreactive data
C)unobtrusive measures
D)physical traces
Q4) ________________ is a technique for gathering and analyzing the content of text.
A)text
B)content analysis
C)unobtrusive observation
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Crime and Justice Ethnographic Field Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/76975
Sample Questions
Q1) Knowledge that people are aware of and readily discuss is known as:
A)specific knowledge
B)tacit knowledge
C)thick description
D)explicit knowledge
Q2) Qualitative data in which a researcher ignores most of the details of a social setting in and in order to convey a superficial feel for the setting and the outer lives of people in it is known as thick description.
A)True
B)False
Q3) External consistency refers to whether the data are plausible given all that is known about a person or event,eliminating common forms of human deception.In other words,do the pieces fit together into a coherent picture?
A)True
B)False
Q4) People are aware of explicit knowledge and readily discuss it.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the characteristics of an ideal field informant?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Historical, Qualitative, Document Analysis, Academic Legal, and Mixed Methods Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/76976
Sample Questions
Q1) The search for legal authority conducted by legal professionals designed to convince the courts of a particular legal position is referred to as __________________.
A)Quantitative research
B)Academic legal research
C)Technical legal research
D)Qualitative document analysis
Q2) _______________ consist of files or existing statistical documents maintained by organizations.
A)primary sources
B)running records
C)secondary sources
D)recollections
Q3) Those sources of legal authority that are derived from actual legal statutes,common law,case law,and administrative law are referred to as:
A)Legal authority
B)Stare decisis
C)Primary authority
D)Secondary authority
Q4) What are the similarities between historical and ethnographic research?
Page 13
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: Analysis of Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/76977
Sample Questions
Q1) An optical scan machine reads information from _______________ and inserts them directly into a computer file.
A)code scan entry
B)code sheet
C)direct entry method
D)optical scan sheet
Q2) _____________ are ways to manipulate and summarize numbers that represent data from a research project.
A)descriptive
B)statistics
C)univariate
D)multivariate
Q3) The easiest way to describe the numerical data of one variable is with a ___________________.It can be used with nominal-,ordinal-,interval-,or ratio-level data and takes many forms.
A)mode
B)frequency polygon
C)histogram
D)frequency distribution
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 14