Research Design and Analysis in Criminal Justice
Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
This course introduces students to the foundational principles and methods of research design and analysis within the field of criminal justice. Emphasizing both qualitative and quantitative approaches, the course guides students through the processes of formulating research questions, developing hypotheses, choosing appropriate methodologies, and collecting and analyzing data. Topics include sampling strategies, survey design, experimental and non-experimental designs, and ethical considerations in criminal justice research. Through practical exercises and case studies, students learn how to critically evaluate existing research and conduct their own studies to inform evidence-based policy and practice in criminal justice settings.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Research Methods for Criminal Justice 3rd Edition by Frank E. Hagan
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11 Chapters
835 Verified Questions
835 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Criminal Justice
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99 Verified Questions
99 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was not mentioned by Williams as a factor in "The Demise of the Criminological Imagination"?
A) an overabundance of theory at the expense of research
B) an overemphasis upon "empirical scientism"
C) a critical intellectual environment nurtured in the sixties
D) the rise of criminal justice as a discipline
Answer: A
Q2) Hypotheses are derived from:
A) theory
B) method
C) data analysis
D) variables
Answer: A
Q3) _________________ is practical research concerned with solving immediate policy problems.
Answer: Applied research
Q4) Method is more important in the research process than is theory.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Ethics in Criminal Justice Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Confidentiality of government-sponsored research is guaran- teed in the Omnibus Crime Control Act of 1973.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) How might ethical problems in criminal justice research be avoided?
Answer: Answers will vary
Q3) In 1998, the Department of Health and Human Services concluded that Institutional Review Boards were overburdened, poorly staffed and subject to conflict of interest.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The new HHS guidelines did not:
A) apply only to social science research
B) apply only to HHS-funded research
C) exclude most field studies
D) continue Institutional Review Boards
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Research Design: the Experimental Model and Its Variations
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103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________________ occurs when researchers choose nonequivalent groups for comparison.
Answer: Selection bias
Q2) What advantage does a time-series design have over a simple before-after design?
Give an illustration and explain.
Answer: Answers will vary
Q3) The decline of treatment effect on the experimental group after treatment is known as:
A) diffusion of treatment
B) criterion problems
C) masking effects
D) erosion of treatment effect
Answer: D
Q4) The Omaha replication of the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment confirmed that arrest had a greater impact on preventing domestic violence than did mediation or separation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 5
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Chapter 4: The Uniform Crime Reports and Sampling
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of sampling procedure is most useful for participant observation studies?
A) stratified
B) cluster
C) snowball
D) probability
Q2) Which of the following is true with respect to survey research?
A) there have been very few examples of its usage in criminal justice
B) its use is restricted to market and voter surveys
C) it has been particularly useful in victim surveys
D) most are invalid due to poor sampling procedures used
Q3) The redesigned UCR expands the forcible rape category to include forcible sodomy, sexual assault with object, and forcible fondling.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _________________ is the name of the unit-record reporting system which is the major change in the new Uniform Crime Reports program.
Q5) _________________ is the term for clandestine or nonreactive methods of data gathering.
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Chapter 5: Survey Research: Questionnaires
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42 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The major problem with mail surveys is cost.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Dummy tables are:
A) preliminary blank tables used to indicate anticipated analysis
B) tables which result in zero cases
C) unknown variables assigned to tables
D) unanticipated rival causal factors
Q3) surveys are data-gathering methods which involve asking respondents to admit to various behaviors.
Q4) Mail questionnaires:
A) eliminate interviewer bias
B) assure uniformity in response
C) obtain quick response to follow-up
D) are inexpensive even with extensive follow-up
Q5) What are some ways of increasing responses in mail surveys?
Q6) What are some problems with self-report surveys of delinquen cy or crime commission?
Q7) Discuss some general guidelines for questionnaire construc tion.
Q8) Discuss some ways of checking the validity of self-report surveys.
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Chapter 6: Survey Research: Interviews and Telephone
Surveys
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________________ is a procedure of using the initial interview to set a boundary or time period during which events were recalled as having taken place can be established.
Q2) Random digit dialing procedures enable researchers to overcome the matter of telephone surveys not including new or unlisted numbers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Interviewers should attempt to avoid small talk with respondents in order to impress upon them the seriousness of the occasion.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Telescoping refers to:
A) underreporting of crime by the police in the UCR
B) moving previous incidents into the time period being studied
C) forecasting future crime trends
D) the dark figure of crime
Q5) _________________ is the name (or acronym) for the use of computers in conducting telephone interviews.
8
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Chapter 7: Participant Observation and Case Studies
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Sample Questions
Q1) LaPiere's restaurant study found that, even though a major- ity of restaurant owners served an oriental couple, most indicated in a later survey that they would not.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Define single subject designs.How do they differ from group designs and what are their principal advantages/disadvantages?
Q3) Pseudonyms are employed in field studies in order to:
A) protect the identity of researchers
B) protect the identity of respondents
C) protect the identity of sponsors
D) protect the identity of politicians
Q4) The text took the point of view that the only perfect research is no research.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Due to the many sources of error inherent in surveys and experiments, field surveys are more preferred and superior methods.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Unobtrusive Measures, Secondary Analysis, and the
Uses of Official Statistics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Simulation involves the transfer of observations into numerical scores.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Meta-analysis involves examining multiple studies and summarizing and comparing their statistical results.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Mechanical aids should generally be avoided in unobtrusive measurement.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is not true of simulations?
A) are an example of unobtrusive measures
B) attempt to mimic or imitate key features of reality
C) may pose ethical problems
D) are generally immoral and thus unacceptable in criminal justice research
Q5) The Dayton Water Survey involved:
A) a self-report survey
B) simulation
C) participant observation
D) physical trace analysis
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Chapter 9: Validity, Reliability, and Triangulated Strategies
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary means of validation in the DUF program is:
A) reverse record checks
B) known group studies
C) polygraphs
D) urine tests
Q2) The use of properly triangulated strategies can prove the validity of one's instrument.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If one's measure is valid, then one can assume that it is reliable.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In nominal level measurement the actual numbers assigned to categories have no mathematical meaning.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The split half technique was described in the text as a disguised test-retest method.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Scaling and Index Construction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Guttman scales insist upon unidimensionality.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Simple summated scales consisting of five-point, bipolar response ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree describe:
A) Thurstone scales
B) Likert scales
C) Guttman scales
D) Semantic Differential scales
Q3) Most attitudinal scales used in the social sciences are ordinal in nature.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Thurstone method of devising attitude scales relies upon judges to select items.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the purpose of scale and index construction? How useful are these efforts in the area of criminal justice research? What are the relative advantages/disadvantages of scales?
Q6) What are salient factor scores and what are they used for? Give an example.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Policy Analysis and Evaluation Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Impact research is the most common type of evaluation research.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A type of model which views programs as an interrelated process of inputs, programs, and outputs is:
A) evaluation model
B) policy model
C) systems model
D) heuristic model
Q3) Assessment and monitoring mean the same thing as evaluation research.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the major types of evaluation research and how do they differ from each other?
Q5) The _________________ , which is the research branch of the U.S.Department of Justice, is the major funder of criminal justice research.
Q6) The purpose of evaluation research is primarily for applied reasons.
A)True
B)False
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