Relationship Science
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Relationship Science is an interdisciplinary course that explores the scientific study of interpersonal relationships, including romantic, familial, and friendships. Drawing from fields such as psychology, sociology, communication, and neuroscience, the course examines the processes that underpin relationship formation, maintenance, and dissolution. Topics include attraction, attachment theories, communication patterns, conflict resolution, intimacy, and the impact of social and cultural factors on relationships. Students will engage with empirical research and theoretical models to understand how relationships influence individual well-being and societal outcomes, and they will develop skills to critically evaluate research and apply insights to real-life relational challenges.
Recommended Textbook
Intimate Relationships 2nd Edition by Thomas N. Bradbury
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Why Study Intimate Relationships?
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Q1) Dale and Jonathon met a year ago in an introductory chemistry class. Being psychology majors, they were both nervous about taking chemistry as an elective. They ended up sharing notes and studying together, and they did well in the course. Since then, Dale and Jonathon have kept in touch and occasionally go out together on the weekend. Which of the following best characterizes Dale and Jonathon's relationship?
A) an impersonal relationship
B) a personal relationship
C) a distant relationship
D) a close relationship
Answer: B
Q2) There are many different classification systems for love, but the most robust classification distinguishes between:
A) companionate love and passionate love.
B) companionate love and idealistic love.
C) companionate love and preoccupied love.
D) passionate love and idealistic love.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Tools of Relationship Science
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Q1) 2.Describe some of the pros and cons of using physiological measurement in relationship research.
Answer: Cons: It is extremely time-consuming and labor-intensive to collect physiological measurement. It requires the participation of outside trained observers; it involves recording the couples, making the use of expensive equipment and the logistics of arranging the meetings difficult; and it may work against the validity of observations because of participant reactivity to the situationÑthe act of observing may change the participants' behavior. Pros: Observations directly assess the behaviors of interest to relationship researchers and can provide information that the couple is unable or unwilling to provide through self-report. These observations provide a rich source of data on couples' interactions and avoid problems associated with self-reports, such as retrospective biases, memory biases, and social desirability.
Q2) Specific predictions suggested by ________ are called ________.
A) theories; hypotheses
B) hypotheses; theories
C) theories; data
D) data; hypotheses
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Theoretical Frameworks
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Q1) Which of the following statements describes working models?
A) Working models can be thought of as internal psychological structures.
B) Working models represent people's conscious and unconscious beliefs, expectations, and feelings about themselves, about others, and about relationships.
C) Working models are presumed to influence how new experiences in people's relationships are selected, interpreted, and integrated into their sense of who they are.
D) All of the above statements accurately describe working models.
Answer: D
Q2) Peacocks have brilliantly colored tail feathers. This is an example of:
A) an adaptive problem.
B) sexual selection.
C) cross-species research.
D) referencing.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Men and Women, Gay and Straight
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Q1) Homosexual is to ________ as heterosexual is to ________.
A) men; women
B) women; men
C) opposite sex; same sex
D) same sex; opposite sex
Q2) Knowing the ________ of the partners involved is necessary in understanding intimate relationships.
A) sex
B) gender
C) sexual orientation
D) all of the above
Q3) Ava, an 11-year-old girl, has recently become a little chubby and has started developing breasts. These body changes are examples of:
A) primary sex characteristics.
B) secondary sex characteristics.
C) tertiary sex characteristics.
D) femininity.
Q4) 3.Based on the accumulated research on sex and intimate relationships, what can we conclude about differences between men and women?
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Chapter 5: Attraction and Mate Selection
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Q1) 8.Your friend wonders why female celebrities who have unusual facial features are judged as being most physically attractive. Based on what you have learned about physical appearance and attractiveness, what do you tell your friend?
Q2) 14.What is the problem with stage theories of relationship development? In what other way do relationship researchers conceptualize relationship development?
Q3) 7.When he first moved from another state, your friend Annand used an online dating service to look for a girlfriend. Annand is of average attractiveness, plays soccer twice a week, and likes sci-fi movies. Although he continually claimed to be interested in only very attractive women's profiles, his girlfriend of one year (whom he met through the service) is of average attractiveness. Based on the matching phenomenon, how would you explain this apparent contradiction between Annand's claims and actual choice of a romantic partner?
Q4) Research about personality and attraction shows that:
A) the more positive traits a person has, the more attractive that person is.
B) the balance of positive and negative traits predicts how attractive a person is.
C) personality has little effect on attraction.
D) the relationship between personality and attraction is complex.
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Chapter 6: Personality and Personal History
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Q1) 15.After being married 6 years, Sarah forgets the birthday of her wife, Amanda. Your textbook points out that internal working models of attachment affect how we view interpersonal events. Discuss how Amanda's interpretations about Sarah's behavior might differ depending on whether she is high or low in anxiety and avoidance.
Q2) People with similar personality traits generally ________ in intimate relationships, yet partners who have ________ personalities tend to have happier relationships.
A) do not pair up; more similar
B) pair up; less similar
C) do not pair up; less similar
D) pair up; more similar
Q3) Chantey tends to be somewhat critical of her husband, John. She worries a lot about her inability to market herself as a successful painter and lately has been very pessimistic about how media advertising is affecting her daughter's body image. These behaviors reflect which personality trait?
A) low extraversion
B) high attachment anxiety
C) high neuroticism
D) low agreeableness
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Chapter 7: Communicating Closeness
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Q1) 7.Your friend Humpreet asks you what she can do to put the ÒspiceÓ back into her 2-year relationship with Tasha. She says the two of them get along fine, but the relationship seems to be routine compared to when they first started dating. From a self-expansion perspective, what suggestion(s) would you give Humpreet, and why?
Q2) 15.The textbook authors discuss five specific strategies a couple can use to keep their relationship healthy and strong. Describe how interpretive filters (part of the intimacy process model) can influence social support provision, capitalization, forgiveness, and sexual satisfaction.
Q3) 1.Describe the intimacy process model.
Q4) What is social integration?
A) when people acquire resources, enrich their identities, and elaborate on what they know via their close relationships
B) when people respond positively to their partners' disclosures of positive news
C) when people have a high number of social ties and connections
D) when people take on aspects of their partners' identities as their own
Q5) 3.What is invisible support, and why might it be more beneficial than visible support?
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Chapter 8: Managing Differences
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Q1) 12.Rivian and Mick have been in a generally unhappy relationship for 17 years. Their first violent interaction occurred when they were still dating: an argument got out of hand, Rivian slapped Mick, and he pinned her hands at her sides before she kicked him and ran out of the room. Since then, there have been occasional violent episodes but nothing that would result in injury. Rivian and Mick recently decided to attend marital therapy. Why might they have not listed the violence as one of the problems they see in their relationship?
Q2) 7.One creative approach to studying how partners make sense of the behaviors they send and receive during a disagreement is the talk table. Imagine you are a researcher using this method and Codruta and Sonia are a couple participating in your study. What instructions would you give to Codruta and Sonia about how to structure their problem-solving discussion?
Q3) When Sandy says something mean during an argument, Ali is upset but tries to respond to her concerns with warmth. What is this called?
A) positive reciprocity
B) negative reinforcement
C) cognitive editing
D) positive reinforcement
Q4) 8.Describe gender differences in the demand/withdraw pattern.
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Chapter 9: Beliefs and Values
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Q1) People who score high in sex-role traditionalism ________, whereas people who score low in sex-role traditionalism ________.
A) value a clear separation of the roles and responsibilities for men and women; reject the idea that men and women have different spheres of influence
B) reject the idea that men and women have different spheres of influence; value a clear separation of the roles and responsibilities for men and women
C) believe men should be responsible for the financial security of the family; believe women should be responsible for the home and children
D) have lower relationships ideals; have higher relationship ideals
Q2) Your friend Mat announces, ÒIf two people truly love each other, they can overcome any obstacles that come their way.Ó Mat's statement is an example of:
A) an expectation.
B) a value.
C) a belief.
D) the self-fulfilling prophecy.
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Chapter 10: Understanding Each Other
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Q1) In terms of a relationship knowledge hierarchy, ÒI have a great relationshipÓ is an example of a ________.
A) concrete observation
B) mid-level judgment
C) global evaluation
D) lower-order judgment
Q2) Jack and Kate are unhappy in their relationship. Robbie and Sawyer are happy in their relationship. One night, Jack and Robbie find themselves sitting at a restaurant waiting for their very late partners to arrive for dinner. According to research on attributions in relationships, Jack is likely to think ________, and Robbie is likely to think
A) Òshe is unorganized and lost track of timeÓ; Òshe is rather inconsiderateÓ
B) Òshe likely got tied up at the officeÓ; Òshe must have gotten lost on the way hereÓ
C) Òshe doesn't care about our familyÓ; Òshe is probably having trouble finding parkingÓ
D) Òshe must have hit heavy trafficÓ; Òshe always was a little forgetfulÓ
Q3) 11.What are downward social comparisons, and under what conditions are people particularly likely to engage in downward social comparisons, and why?
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Chapter 11: Relationships in Context
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Q1) Xavier and Juanita both work full-time at low-wage jobs in order to pay the rent on their apartment. While they are at work, Juanita's mother cares for their 18-month-old son. In this scenario, the low wages represent a ________, and Juanita's mother's care represents a ________.
A) resource; resource
B) resource; stressor
C) stressor; stressor
D) stressor; resource
Q2) How does an experience of acute stress and physical arousal affect memory for the details of the event?
A) Memory is enhanced for all details of the experience.
B) Memory of central details of the experience is enhanced but not memory for peripheral details.
C) Memory of all details is impaired by the hormones that flood the body.
D) Memory of the central details is impaired because of trauma, and memory for peripheral details remains intact.
Q3) 14.What are network density and network overlap, and how do they affect relationships?
Q4) 3.What is the fight-or-flight response?
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Chapter 12: Improving Relationships
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Q1) Katie gets mad at Adam because he has forgotten to pay an important bill. When she brings up the problem, he doesn't say much and begins to sulk. Katie backs down and says she'll take care of the problem. Then she changes the subject and begins to tell him funny stories about her bad day at work, which he finds amusing and eventually the two of them are laughing while they make fun of her inept co-worker. According to a systems perspective, what is the ÒruleÓ underlying their relationship dynamic?
A) When Adam is in a bad mood, he sulks.
B) When Katie tells funny stories, Adam laughs.
C) When problems are raised, Adam withdraws and Katie backs down.
D) Adam is serious and Katie is funny.
Q2) 10.Describe the intervention Òunified detachment,Ó which is used in integrative behavioral couples therapy.
Q3) What is the cause of relationship distress from a cognitive-behavioral perspective?
A) unresolved conflicts stemming from childhood relationships
B) inflexible rules about relationship behavior
C) dysfunctional relationship behaviors
D) failure to understand and meet each other's needs for connection and security
Q4) 11.Describe the stage model used in emotion-focused couples therapy.
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Chapter 13: Relationships Across the Lifespan
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Q1) 9.Explain the transition from same-sex friendships during childhood to romantic relationships in adolescence.
Q2) 2.Aurelia and Lorenzo have a 7-year-old child named Elianna. They occasionally fight with each other in front of Elianna. What two-step process would Elianna use to make sense of such potentially distressing events?
Q3) The Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children has followed 267 first-time mothers and their babies from 1975 to the present. The child participants have been observed interacting with their mothers, childhood friends, and boyfriends or girlfriends. What conclusion can we draw from this research?
A) There is considerable continuity in individuals' relationships from infancy through childhood and into adolescence.
B) Adolescence is a period of change, when existing models of relationships can be reshaped by new experiences.
C) There is continuity and change in the way young people approach their closest relationships through adolescence.
D) Adolescents in committed intimate relationships are more likely to use contraceptives.
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