Relationship Science
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Relationship Science explores the scientific study of interpersonal relationships, drawing from fields such as psychology, sociology, and communication studies. The course examines the formation, development, maintenance, and dissolution of close relationships, with a focus on romantic partnerships, friendships, and family dynamics. Students learn about the psychological processes underlying attraction, attachment, communication, conflict resolution, and intimacy. The course also addresses the impact of culture, technology, and individual differences on relationships, using empirical research to understand healthy relationship functioning and strategies for improving relational well-being.
Recommended Textbook
Intimate Relationships 2nd Edition by Thomas N. Bradbury
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846 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: Why Study Intimate Relationships?
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In close relationships, who is having the most sex?
A) single men and women
B) married men and women
C) single men
D) dating couples
Answer: B
Q2) In an e-mail to his girlfriend, Ulrich writes, ÒI feel as though my heart withers when I am away from you. Every moment I'm apart from you seems an eternity and I only feel alive when we are together.Ó What type of love does this exemplify?
A) companionate love
B) passionate love
C) idealistic love
D) consummate love
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Tools of Relationship Science
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher is surveying men about partner behaviors that are potentially annoying. When presented with a list of possibly annoying behaviors and asked to rate their tolerance of these behaviors that have occurred in the current relationship, respondents indicate a high level of tolerance for all behaviors, even the most annoying ones. What phenomenon might these responses illustrate?
A) inaccurate recall
B) reactivity
C) social desirability effect
D) cognitive editing
Answer: C
Q2) Informed consent involves:
A) telling participants the hypothesis and procedure of the study in advance of their participation.
B) guaranteeing participant confidentiality but not necessarily anonymity.
C) an explanation of the research procedures and what participants can expect.
D) none of the above.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Theoretical Frameworks
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Sample Questions
Q1) The actor George Clooney, considered by some to be one of the most desirable men on the planet, is not married. He has no trouble forming relationships, but he seems quite willing to leave them as soon as they stop working out for him. Social exchange theories of relationships would say that George has:
A) a high CL alt.
B) a low CL.
C) a high ratio of rewards to costs.
D) a high ratio of satisfaction to dependence.
Answer: A
Q2) According to social exchange theory, what is the most likely reason many women choose to remain in physically abusive intimate relationships?
A) They believe they deserve the negative treatment.
B) Many women have an unconscious wish to be punished.
C) The rewards outweigh the costs.
D) They believe they have no other alternatives.
Answer: D
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5
Chapter 4: Men and Women, Gay and Straight
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is most consistent with a social structural theory explanation for sex differences in relationship behavior?
A) Jenny, who is a construction worker, will be viewed less favorably than Cathy, who is a nurse.
B) Connor, who works in a daycare center, will be viewed less favorably than Bob, who works as a mechanic.
C) Nalini, a female college professor in a country low on gender equality, will be viewed less favorably than Tasha, a female college professor in a country high on gender equality.
D) All of the above statements are consistent with a social structural theory explanation for sex differences in relationship behavior.
Q2) Ava, an 11-year-old girl, has recently become a little chubby and has started developing breasts. These body changes are examples of:
A) primary sex characteristics.
B) secondary sex characteristics.
C) tertiary sex characteristics.
D) femininity.
Q3) 1.Distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary sex characteristics.
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Chapter 5: Attraction and Mate Selection
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Sample Questions
Q1) 6.Early research on reciprocity suggested that we are attracted to people who like us. Explain how subsequent research about the role of reciprocity on attraction has refined this idea.
Q2) On the first day of her consumer behavior seminar, Leona doesn't know any of her twelve classmates. Based on the mere exposure effect, who of the following will Leona report liking most at the end of the course?
A) Madison, who sat beside her and missed a few classes
B) Manuel, who sat across the room from her and missed a few classes
C) Jamil, who sat across the room from her and didn't miss any classes
D) Leona will like all three of them equally.
Q3) The explanation for why the pratfall effect works is that:
A) we like people who are clumsy and use self-deprecating humor.
B) due to upward comparison, we find people whose performance is consistently excellent threatening.
C) we identify people who generally do well but whose performance is occasionally imperfect as being similar to ourselves.
D) due to downward comparison, people whose performance is imperfect boost our self-esteem.
Q4) 10.Explain how situations can affect romantic attraction.
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Chapter 6: Personality and Personal History
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Sample Questions
Q1) 15.After being married 6 years, Sarah forgets the birthday of her wife, Amanda. Your textbook points out that internal working models of attachment affect how we view interpersonal events. Discuss how Amanda's interpretations about Sarah's behavior might differ depending on whether she is high or low in anxiety and avoidance.
Q2) Derek tends to be very critical of his wife, Jane. He worries a lot about his lack of success at work and lately has been very pessimistic about the environment. These behaviors reflect which personality trait?
A) low extraversion
B) high attachment anxiety
C) high neuroticism
D) low agreeableness
Q3) People with similar personality traits generally ________ in intimate relationships, yet partners who have ________ personalities tend to have happier relationships. A) do not pair up; more similar
B) pair up; less similar
C) do not pair up; less similar
D) pair up; more similar
Q4) 4.Describe the dependency regulation model and the four key phases.
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Chapter 7: Communicating Closeness
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Sample Questions
Q1) 7.Your friend Humpreet asks you what she can do to put the ÒspiceÓ back into her 2-year relationship with Tasha. She says the two of them get along fine, but the relationship seems to be routine compared to when they first started dating. From a self-expansion perspective, what suggestion(s) would you give Humpreet, and why?
Q2) You know your partner has been studying all day for an exam and won't have had time to cook supper, so you pick up some takeout on your way home from work. Your behavior is an example of:
A) empathy.
B) capitalization.
C) relationship maintenance.
D) intimacy process model.
Q3) Brad and Jing-Mei have been married for several years. Recently Brad discovered that Jing-Mei had a brief affair. Which of the following will NOT increase the likelihood that Brad will forgive Jing-Mei?
A) Brad believes Jing-Mei is fully in control of her actions.
B) Jing-Mei apologized and promised never to do it again.
C) Brad is generally an amiable, easygoing person.
D) Brad is extremely committed to Jing-Mei and their relationship.
Q4) 2.How are sexual and relationship satisfaction related?
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Chapter 8: Managing Differences
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Sample Questions
Q1) 8.Describe gender differences in the demand/withdraw pattern.
Q2) Considering the research on intimate terrorism, which statement is true?
A) Most women never escape battering relationships.
B) If children are exposed to violence, they are much more likely to avoid abusive relationships as adults.
C) Women subjected to emotional abuse are less likely to initiate a separation or divorce than women subjected to physical abuse.
D) Almost 40 percent of women leave battering relationships within 2 years.
Q3) In intimate terrorism, the three phases of the cycle of violence are:
A) acute battering, plateau, and tension-building.
B) tension-building, acute battering, and contrition.
C) baseline, intense violence, and adoration.
D) emotional degradation, physical degradation, and remorse.
Q4) Which of the following is true of the research on situational couple violence?
Situational couple violence:
A) is more often committed by men than by women.
B) can consist of emotional abuse, threats, and financial control.
C) occurs among distressed couples.
D) is best understood as a consequence of a deteriorating relationship.
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Chapter 9: Beliefs and Values
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your friend Jaad completed the Relationship Belief Inventory (RBI) and endorsed a number of statements, such as, ÒA partner should know what you are thinking or feeling without you having to tell,Ó and ÒOne of the major causes of marital problems is that men and women have different emotional needs.Ó Jaad probably scored ________ on the RBI, and you predict he will have ________ marital satisfaction.
A) low; lower
B) low; higher C) high; lower D) high; higher
Q2) ÒIf I get more than I expect, I will be happy, and if I get less than I expect, then I will be less happy.Ó This statement best illustrates which of the following theories?
A) perceptual confirmation
B) moderation model
C) ideal standards model
D) general lay theory
Q3) 8.Nayanna says, ÒI want a relationship that sweeps me off my feet.Ó According to the ideal standards model, how might this impact Nayanna's satisfaction in her current relationship?
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Chapter 10: Understanding Each Other
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Sample Questions
Q1) The text describes several mechanisms of motivated reasoning in relationships. Something that all of these techniques have in common is that they:
A) require direct communication between partners to be effective.
B) allow partners' initially positive views of their relationships to accommodate new information and experiences.
C) require partners to fool themselves into believing things that are not true.
D) help prevent specific negative experiences from activating more general negative beliefs about the relationship.
Q2) 11.What are downward social comparisons, and under what conditions are people particularly likely to engage in downward social comparisons, and why?
Q3) 8.What is the empathy accuracy model?
Q4) 15.In the chapter on motivated reasoning, your textbook authors review a number of ways in which partners who feel positive about their relationships can protect those positive feelings from negative information. Given the strategies at their disposal, why do people not continue to feel positively about their relationships regardless of specific experiences and observations? That is, whyÑfrom this perspectiveÑdoes satisfaction decline?
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Chapter 11: Relationships in Context
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Q1) Sarita is extremely close to her older sister, Magdalena, and spends hours talking on the phone to her about every aspect of her life, including her marriage. Sarita's husband is not quite as thrilled about Sarita's close relationship with her sister, because Magdalena does not think that he is good enough for Sarita and takes every opportunity to let him know it. In this situation, Sarita's relationship with her sister would be considered:
A) a resource for Sarita and her husband.
B) a resource for Sarita but not for her husband.
C) a stressor for Sarita and her husband.
D) a stressor for Sarita but not for her husband.
Q2) 15.Discuss the benefits and disadvantages of social networks for intimate relationships.
Q3) According to Bronfenbrenner's social ecological theory, which of the following elements is most distal in context for a couple living in Chicago?
A) the couple's overall working conditions
B) a spouse's relationship with family and friends
C) the availability of affordable daycare
D) the couple's cultural background and gender norms
Q4) 3.What is the fight-or-flight response?
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Chapter 12: Improving Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) 13.A friend of yours is planning to marry next spring. She asks if it would be worthwhile for her to go to an enhancement and prevention workshop that focuses on skill building. What would you tell her, and why?
Q2) After 23 years of marriage, Kayla and Fred have decided to seek marital therapy. Their satisfaction with their marriage has decreased over time, to the point where both are feeling quite unhappy. They hardly talk to each other except to argue about the children or finances, and neither can remember when they last had sex. Based on material presented in the chapter about improving relationships, which of Kayla and Fred's problems would a couples therapist find most difficult to treat?
A) lack of loving feelings
B) communication problems
C) lack of sexual activity
D) money management and financial issues
Q3) 5.How are the psychodynamic and systems models of couples therapy different?
Q4) 12.What were the four models of couples therapy described in your text? Describe the source of relationship distress from each perspective.
Q5) 7.Compare the explanation for relationship distress with the behavioral model and the emotion-focused model.
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Chapter 13: Relationships Across the Lifespan
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Sample Questions
Q1) 11.You attend your partner's family reunion, where you meet a branch of the family for the first time. Zuzana and Eric have been living together 29 years (they never married) and have two children, ages 28 and 23. Their older daughter, Rosalind, and her fianc recently moved in together and plan to get married in the next couple of years. Their younger daughter, Fiamma, moved in with her boyfriend last weekÑthey thought it was silly to pay rent in two places when they spend most of their time together anyway. In terms of the groups of cohabiting couples described in your textbook, what types are Zuzana and Eric, Rosalind and her fianc , and Fiamma and her boyfriend?
Q2) Although intimate relationships have existed over the past 10,000 years, their meaning and structure have developed and changed over time. What best characterizes the nature of intimate relationships throughout most of human history?
A) Marriage often served to organize property and allegiances.
B) Romantic attraction played a secondary role in people's experience of relationships.
C) Relationships between adults were closely linked to social institutions.
D) All of the above are true statements.
Q3) 10.Describe four distinct groups of cohabiting couples.
Q4) 4.Describe the defining features of friendships.
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