Rehabilitation Science: Cardiopulmonary Review Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of the principles and practices related to cardiopulmonary rehabilitation within the field of rehabilitation science. Students will examine the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders, assessment methods, and evidence-based intervention strategies designed to optimize functional capacity and improve quality of life for individuals affected by these conditions. Emphasis is placed on the multidisciplinary approach to patient care, incorporating exercise prescription, education, and lifestyle modification. The course also highlights the importance of outcome measurement, risk factor management, and adherence to clinical guidelines in developing effective rehabilitation programs for diverse populations.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy 4th Edition by Ellen Hillegass
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681 Verified Questions
681 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Anatomy of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) The physical therapist performs auscultation of the lateral portion of right middle lobe.Which of the following stethoscope locations BEST identifies this lung segment?
A)Adjacent to the fifth rib lateral right chest wall
B)Adjacent to third to fifth rib posterior right chest wall
C)Adjacent to the fourth rib lateral right chest wall
D)Adjacent to the eighth thoracic vertebra lateral chest wall
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following positions facilitates greater excursion of both hemidiaphragms at rest?
A)Supine position
B)Side-lying position
C)Standing position
D)Sitting position
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Physiology of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following events occur as a result of the diaphragm and external intercostals contracting to facilitate inspiration?
A)An increase in the volume of the thoracic cavity and lung reducing the intrapulmonary pressure
B)An increase in the pressure within the lung occurring due to Boyle's law
C)A decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity and lung increasing the intrapulmonary pressure
D)A change in the thoracic cavity and lung volume leading to an intrapulmonary pressure that exceeds the atmospheric pressure
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following lung receptors are stimulated in a patient with left-sided congestive heart failure who develops pulmonary edema causing the patient to breathe in a SHALLOW,tachypneic pattern.
A)Irritant receptors
B)Stretch receptors
C)Chemoreceptors
D)Juxtapulmonary receptors
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Ischemic Cardiovascular Conditions and Other Vascular Pathologies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following medical interventions targets prophylaxis or treatment for arrhythmias?
A)Use of nitrates
B)Use of fibrinolysis
C)Use of amiodarone
D)Use of morphine
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following layers of the coronary arteries is responsible for making adjustments to the luminal diameter?
A)Adventitia
B)Media
C)Intima
D)All of the above
Answer: B
Q3) The accumulation of lipids by monocytes between endothelial cells is termed:
A)foam cells.
B)fibrous cap.
C)thrombus.
D)Sclerosis.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction and Failure
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33 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The resistance stroke volume encounters after it is ejected from the left ventricle is BEST defined as which of the following?
A)Preload
B)Ventricular end-diastolic volume
C)Pulmonary artery pressure
D)Afterload
Q2) Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)is defined as which of the following statements?
A)Breathlessness or air hunger
B)Sudden shortness of breath in sitting
C)Sudden shortness of breath in supine
D)Dyspnea due to fluid in the lower portions of the lungs
Q3) Which of the following categories of cardiomyopathy is characterized by rapid ventricular emptying and high ejection fraction?
A)Dilated cardiomyopathy
B)Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C)Restrictive cardiomyopathy
D)Idiopathic cardiomyopathy
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Chapter 5: Restrictive Lung Dysfunction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The inhalation of carbon monoxide,a gas present in smoke,leads to which of the following pathological conditions?
A)Edema of the laryngeal and tracheal mucosa
B)Damage to the mucociliary clearance mechanism
C)Inactivation of surfactant and pneumonitis
D)Decreases in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
Q2) Which of the following pathological changes in lung function is a result of excess soft tissue in the abdominal wall,forcing the diaphragm upward at rest?
A)Decreases the compliance of the thorax.
B)Forces early closure of the small airways and alveoli.
C)Decreases carbon dioxide production from the lungs.
D)Increases ventilator drive.
Q3) The MOST common body organ involved in direct metastasis from small cell carcinoma is which of the following?
A)Adrenal gland
B)Liver
C)Pancreas
D)Central nervous system
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Chapter 6: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Increased work of breathing and fatigue in a patient with asthma is BEST explained by which of the following physiological changes?
A)Narrowing of peripheral airways at all levels of the tracheobronchial tree
B)Increase in residual volume
C)Suboptimal length-tension curve of diaphragm/intercostals muscles
D)Ventilation/perfusion mismatching
Q2) An irreversible dilation of one or more bronchi with chronic inflammation and infection is characterized by which of the following lung diseases?
A)Emphysema
B)Chronic bronchitis
C)Bronchiectasis
D)Asthma
Q3) A patient with COPD with a score of 8 on the BODE index is associated with which of the following?
A)High mortality rate
B)Less severe COPD disease
C)Stage II COPD
D)FEV = 50
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Chapter 7: Cardiopulmonary Implications of Specific Diseases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following cardiac complications is the leading cause of death in persons with an eating disorder such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia?
A)Cardiac arrhythmias
B)Hypotension
C)Decreased cardiac mass
D)Mitral valve prolapse
Q2) If there is an excess of circulating insulin in a person with type I DM at the onset of physical activity,which of the following impairments may subsequently occur?
A)Impaired production of hepatic glucose and mobilization of free fatty acids.
B)Impaired peripheral glucose uptake by skeletal muscle.
C)Hyperglycemia will develop post exercise.
D)Catecholamine levels rise promoting ketone body production.
Q3) Cardiovascular disease is the MOST common cause of death in patients with which of the following types of connective tissue diseases?
A)Rheumatoid arthritis
B)Systemic lupus erythematosus
C)Scleroderma
D)Ankylosing spondylitis
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Chapter 8: Cardiovascular Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following factors enhance the safety of exercise testing?
A)Knowledge of when to exclude a patient
B)Knowledge of when to terminate an exercise test
C)Knowledge and skills to react to an abnormal response
D)All of the above
Q2) Which of the following target international normalized ratio (INR)values for anticoagulative therapy is MOST appropriate for patients with prosthetic heart valves?
A)1.8 (1.5-2.0)
B)2.5 (2.0-3.0)
C)3 (2.5-3.5)
D)3.5 (3.0-4.0)
Q3) An elevated international normalized ratio (INR)should alert the therapist to consider which of the following?
A)Avoid having the patient walk a long distance due to low endurance.
B)Avoid out-of-bed physical activity due to low oxygen-carrying capacity.
C)Be cautious about moving the patient from supine to stand quickly.
D)Be cautious about bumping extremities with all movements.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Electrocardiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Repolarization of the ventricular is BEST described as which of the following?
A)T wave on ECG
B)Return of potassium ions into the cell
C)Movement of sodium ions out of the cell
D)All of the above
Q2) A 21-year-old female college student was sitting in class listening to a lecture and reported that her heart was racing away and that she felt lightheaded.This episode of symptoms occurred a second time in the same class.Her past medical history is unremarkable.Which of the following arrhythmias is MOST likely occurring in this case?
A)Sinus tachycardia
B)Atrial flutter
C)Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
D)Premature atrial complex
Q3) Which of the following changes on an ECG BEST indicates the presence of acute infarction?
A)ST-segment elevation
B)ST-segment depression
C)Enlarged QRS complex
D)Absence of P wave
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Pulmonary Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient has been admitted to the hospital due to complaints of difficulty breathing.His ABGs report pH = 7.20,PaCO = 63.4,PaO = 51,HCO - = 30;PFTs report TLC = 120% predicted,VC = 115% predicted,RV = 130% predicted,FEV = 48% predicted.A chest x-ray indicates infiltrates in the right lower lobe.Which of the following diagnostic conclusions BEST summarizes this patient's condition?
A)The patient has a lung infection,acute metabolic acidosis,and mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
B)The patient has pneumonia,acute respiratory acidosis,and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
C)The patient has a lung infection,acute respiratory alkalosis,and mild restrictive pulmonary disease.
D)The patient has pneumonia,acute metabolic alkalosis,and severe restrictive pulmonary disease.
Q2) Which of the following conditions BEST describes respiratory alkalosis?
A)High bicarbonate level (HCO -)
B)Low partial pressure CO (PaCO )
C)Hypocapnia
D)Low bicarbonate level (HCO -)
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Chapter 11: Cardiovascular and Thoracic Interventions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Common risk factors for thoracic aortic aneurysms include which of the following factors?
A)Hypertension
B)Hypercholesteremia
C)Prior tobacco use
D)All of the above
Q2) Patients with claudication pain after a peripheral vascular intervention have better long-term outcomes and fewer amputations?
A)True
B)False
Q3) Older adults who undergo a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery experience which of the following advantages that would be MOST beneficial with regard to age-related complications?
A)Less postoperative pain
B)Reduced shoulder dysfunction
C)Higher satisfaction
D)Reduced postoperative confusion
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13
Chapter 12: Thoracic Organ Transplantation: Heart, Heart
Lung, and Lung
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT),patients with high exercise capacity whose lower lobes were primarily affected had which of the following effects with lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS)?
A)Lower mortality with lung volume reduction than with medical treatment
B)No difference in mortality than medical treatment,but better clinical outcomes
C)Similar mortality with lung volume reduction and medical treatment
D)Higher mortality with lung volume reduction than with medical treatment
Q2) High-intensity exercise is encouraged when possible for a patient postoperative a lung transplant in a pulmonary rehabilitation program.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is considered an absolute contraindication to heart transplant?
A)Diabetes mellitus with microvascular organ damage
B)Morbid obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m²)
C)Irreversible renal dysfunction
D)Fixed pulmonary hypertension (>15 mm Hg)
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Monitoring and Life Support Equipment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following oxygen delivery devices is generally intended for lower flow rates of oxygen between 1 and 6 L/min?
A)Nasal cannula
B)Simple mask
C)Aerosol mask
D)Venturi mask
Q2) Which of the following statements BEST describes how the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP)facilitates an increase in cardiac output?
A)The inflated balloon creates a pressure forcing the blood to circulate into the coronary arteries.
B)The deflated balloon creates a pressure gradient enhancing the flow of blood through the aorta during left ventricular systole.
C)The inflated balloon creates a pressure enhancing the blood flow into the chambers of the heart.
D)The deflated balloon enhances relaxation of the heart muscle.
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Chapter 14: Cardiovascular Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following organ is considered the principal organ of the first pass effect?
A)Stomach
B)Intestine
C)Liver
D)Kidney
Q2) If a patient prescribed a beta-blocker presents with a new onset of dyspnea,ankle edema,and orthopnea,which of the following actions would be the BEST next step for the physical therapist?
A)Monitor vital signs more closely and proceed with low-intensity exercise.
B)Defer treatment and discuss findings with the physician before resuming.
C)Monitor vital signs and incorporate interval training with frequent rest periods.
D)Discharge the patient from physical therapy and encourage the patient to visit a physician.
Q3) Resting muscle pain is a common side effect of statin medication prescribed for dyslipidemia within the first few weeks.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Pulmonary Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following substances would MOST likely enhance cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)?
A)Corticosteroids
B)Prostaglandins
C)Cholinergic antagonists
D)All of the above
Q2) Which of the following factors if stimulated or administered results in bronchoconstriction?
A)Adrenergic Beta receptor
B)Adrenergic agonists
C)Cholinergic antagonists
D)Muscarinic receptor
Q3) Which of the following drug classes would be MOST appropriate to reduce vagal tone and acetylcholine release associated with bronchoconstriction?
A)Muscarinic antagonists
B)Nicotinic antagonists
C)Alpha adrenoceptor antagonists
D)Beta antagonists
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Chapter 16: Examination and Assessment Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the palpation techniques assists in the confirmation of consolidation in an area of the lung?
A)Palpation of the mediastinum for tracheal shift
B)Palpation of chest wall movement or asymmetry
C)Palpation of fremitus (vibration)when the patient says "99"
D)Palpation of the anterior chest wall with the thumb tips meeting at the xiphoid
Q2) Which of the following is considered an abnormal blood pressure response to an exercise activity in which the workload is gradually being increased?
A)Systolic blood pressure increases with increasing levels of exertion.
B)In a trained athlete,diastolic blood pressure decreases during exercise.
C)In a person taking beta-adrenergic antagonists medication,a slight increase in systolic blood pressure initially with no progressive rise with increasing workloads.
D)Systolic blood pressure rise at submaximal levels with a progressive decrease on increasing workload.
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18
Chapter 17: Interventions for Acute Cardiopulmonary Conditions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following breathing exercises would BEST facilitate air flow into poorly ventilated areas?
A)Pursed-lip breathing
B)Paced breathing
C)Inspiratory hold technique
D)Diaphragmatic controlled breathing
Q2) Adequate inspiratory volumes for an effective cough are noted to be at least which of the following?
A)Inspiration equivalent to tidal volume inspiration
B)40% of patient's predicted vital capacity
C)50% of patient's predicted vital capacity
D)60% of patient's predicted vital capacity
Q3) A patient who is removed from mechanical ventilation to breathe spontaneously on supplemental O for progressively longer periods of time is BEST described by which of the following mechanical ventilation weaning methods?
A)Intermittent mandatory ventilation
B)T-piece wean
C)Pressure support ventilation
D)Positive end-expiratory pressure
19
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Chapter 18: Interventions and Prevention Measures for
Individuals With Cardiovascular Disease, or Risk of Disease
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a patient with type II diabetes presents with a blood glucose of 80 mg/dL prior to an exercise session in the physical therapy clinic,what is the suggested next step for this patient?
A)If the patient feels well,is adequately hydrated,then she or he can perform with low-intensity exercise.
B)The patient should be given a 10- to 15-g carbohydrate snack and exercise should be postponed until hypoglycemia is resolved.
C)Exercise is contraindicated and the patient should ingest a snack.
D)The patient can begin to exercise,but blood glucose should be monitored every 15 minutes.
Q2) Which of the following reasons provides the BEST rationale for never abruptly ending an exercise session at training intensity without a cool-down phase?
A)May result in reduced blood flow return to the myocardium leading to irritation.
B)May result in a higher risk of falling.
C)May result in muscular soreness in the lower extremities.
D)May result in high blood pressure for an extended period after exercise.
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Pulmonary Rehabilitation
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Sample Questions
Q1) In addition to vital signs (blood pressure,heart rate,and oxygen saturation),which of the following additional data would be MOST appropriate to collect during a 6-minute walk test with a severe lung disease patient?
A)Amount of supplemental oxygen required to maintain SpO > 88%
B)Dyspnea scale rating
C)Occurrence of arrhythmias
D)All of the above
Q2) Which of the following outcomes is NOT considered one of the major outcome areas that need to be measured in pulmonary rehabilitation?
A)Exercise capacity
B)Patient satisfaction
C)Symptoms
D)Health-related quality of life
Q3) Pulmonary function test data are exclusively used when determining a patient candidacy for pulmonary rehabilitation.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The child's experiences during therapy may be affected by which of the following family situations?
A)Family may be from out of town and staying in a hotel.
B)A parent may have quit his or her job to be a caregiver.
C)Other children may exist and need the attention of parents.
D)All of the above may affect the child's experiences.
Q2) Which of the following is considered an acyanotic cardiac defect?
A)Tetralogy of Fallot
B)Pulmonary atresia
C)Atrial septal defects
D)Truncus arteriosus
Q3) If a child is afraid of moving after surgery,which of the following techniques may result in the MOST success for motivating the child out of bed post surgery?
A)Request the nurse pre-medicate the patient and have a second therapist assist.
B)Have the parents attempt to get the child out of bed between therapy sessions.
C)Use a medical play doll to help the child cope with experiences.
D)Bribe the child and encourage.
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Page 22
Chapter 21: The Lymphatic System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following structural components of the lymphatic system functions to filter harmful material such as bacteria,viruses,and cancer cells?
A)Precollectors
B)Collectors
C)Lymph nodes
D)Lymphangion
Q2) Which of the following imaging methods of the lymphatic system has the capability to measure both superficial and deep lymph fluid movement,lymph node uptake speeds,while a patient exercises on a treadmill?
A)Direct lymphography
B)Lymphoscintigraphy
C)Magnetic resonance imaging
D)Fluorescent microlymphography
Q3) Besides cancer,which of the following conditions is the MOST significant risk factor for the development of lymphedema?
A)Smoking
B)Type 2 diabetes
C)Obesity
D)Increasing age
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Outcome Measures:a Guide for the Evidence
Based Practice of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy
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Q1) Which of the following reasons supports the need to determine and measure outcomes of a rehabilitation program?
A)Mandated by regulatory groups
B)Mandated by payor groups
C)Demonstrate accountability
D)Improve the number of referrals
Q2) The gold standard for measurement of functional exercise capacity is which of the following outcome measures?
A)6-minute walk test
B)Modified shuttle test
C)Oxygen consumption test
D)200-meter walk test
Q3) Which of the following psychometric properties reflects knowing if the test does in fact measure what it intends to by comparing it to a gold standard?
A)Intended population
B)Validity
C)Reliability
D)Minimal detectable change
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