Regional Studies: Asia-Pacific Solved Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth exploration of the Asia-Pacific region, examining its diverse cultures, economies, political systems, and historical development. Students will analyze contemporary issues such as regional integration, economic growth, international relations, security challenges, and social transformation. Through the interdisciplinary study of countries including China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asian nations, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, participants will gain a comprehensive understanding of the geopolitical significance and dynamic changes shaping the Asia-Pacific in the 21st century.
Recommended Textbook
International Marketing An Asia Pacific Perspective 7th Edition by Richard Fletcher
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17 Chapters
1024 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Rationale for International Marketing
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a firm adopts an internalisation approach to international trade, it is attempting to gain advantage by:
A) making use of joint venture partners in the overseas market.
B) replicating its domestic operation in the overseas market.
C) buying only from its domestic suppliers.
D) employing an export merchant in the home country.
E) making use of agents in the overseas market.
Answer: B
Q2) With the advent of the internet, firms do not have to internationalise by moving from elementary modes of international behaviour to more advanced modes of international behaviour to the same extent.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Economies of scale, gained by supplying more than just the domestic market, can drive down the costs of R&D, engineering and manufacturing.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Avoiding the Pitfalls of the International Political and Legal Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true about the degree of government participation in international markets?
A) Worldwide governments are increasing their involvement in the market as the level of privatisation slows.
B) Selling to government authorities is the same as selling to private sector organisations.
C) Government ownership of a company may preclude foreigners from selling a competing product.
D) Options A, B and C are true.
E) Options B and C are true.
Answer: C
Q2) Expropriation is a process by which a host government places controls and restrictions on a foreign firm, thus reducing the firm's influence on the operation of its business.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 4: Catering for the Social and Cultural
Environment of International Marketing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Interpretative knowledge of a nation's culture is based on feelings and intuition and is often influenced by past events.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Psychic distance is a perceptual concept that uses a number of environmental variables to help marketers differentiate an overseas market from the domestic market. Variables that are NOT included in the measure of psychic distance are:
A) politics and culture
B) language and education.
C) infrastructure and geographic distance.
D) material standards and patterns of behavior.
E) belief systems and transfer of knowledge.
Q3) Language is the key to communication in all societies. How does the way in which verbal communication occurs in different cultures impact the way in which an international marketing promotions campaign is developed?
Q4) Global brands are viewed the same way by consumers in all cultures.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Technology Change and International Marketing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss how business to business marketers can make use of the internet in developing their marketing mixes.
Q2) CRM systems:
A) focus only on gathering information about new sales.
B) add a relationship marketing focus.
C) emphasise customer retention.
D) options A and C.
E) options B and C.
Q3) In any particular overseas market, an international marketing firm can gain benefit from focusing its efforts on the lead users, because:
A) they can provide concept and design data for potential new products.
B) they can be used as a benchmark for predicting the needs of the market.
C) they are the users whose current strong requirements are likely to become the needs of the general market in the future.
D) options A, b and C.
E) options A and B only.
Q4) Each techno-economic paradigm has a cycle of between 20 to 30 years.
A)True
B)False
6
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Chapter 6: Contemporary Environmental Variables in International Marketing
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Q1) The availability of an adequate infrastructure will have an impact on the feasibility of different ways of entering a market.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Ethical issues are not confined to corruption. Discuss other ethical dilemmas an international marketer may encounter and how the marketer's personal perspective will influence the management of these challenges.
Q3) Cronyism is acceptable in some countries and is often confused with corruption. Cronyism is generally found in social networks characterised by:
A) simple relationships where direct exchange is the norm.
B) complex relationships where legal agreements are used to confirm the arrangement.
C) many businesses and organisations enjoying a transparent and open business relationship.
D) complex, indirect and mutually reinforcing social exchanges.
E) complex relationships with high government intervention.
Q4) Discuss, with examples, how infrastructure endowment and population trends impact on international marketing activities.
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Chapter 7: Research in International Markets
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because cultural bias can introduce a level of selective perception, the interpretation of data gathered for an international market usually involves a high degree of cultural sensitivity. Any cultural bias can best be minimised by using:
A) at least one data interpreter in the researched country who is either from that country or is well acquainted with the business customs of that country.
B) a panel of data interpreters who have an open-minded approach to research.
C) data interpreters with diverse backgrounds, so that they have no specific bias towards the country or culture.
D) professional statisticians to interpret data with no focus on cultural issues.
E) the research designer to interpret the data from the research.
Q2) The main reason why primary research is NOT used in developing countries is:
A) low level of education.
B) high cost of process.
C) there is already reliable information available.
D) all of the above.
E) options A and B only.
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Chapter 8: International Market Selection and Entry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Due to differing governments and laws, the basic variable in overseas market selection is the nation state.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When assessing the competitive environment in international markets, the more expensive and time-consuming elements of evaluation should be applied when evaluating all potential targeted countries.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Manufacturing-based entry is often referred to as direct financial investment (DFI). A)True
B)False
Q4) Countertrade is more likely to be a condition of business in times of economic downturn.
A)True B)False
Q5) List the approaches to international market selection. Describe advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
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Chapter 9: International Competitive Strategy
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are some major advantages and disadvantages of niching in international marketing?
Q2) Michael Porter (1980) suggests that the threat of competition can come from any one of five different areas. These include:
A) disposable products, new entrants and the rivalry of competitors.
B) new entrants, existing competitors and information technology.
C) substitute products, new entrants and the rivalry of competitors.
D) new entrants, substitute products and information technology.
E) none of the above.
Q3) At its narrowest level, a company can define its competitors as:
A) all those companies that offer the same level of service.
B) those companies that offer a similar product to the same customer at a similar price.
C) all those producers making the same product or class of product.
D) all those companies competing for the same consumer dollar.
E) none of the above.
Q4) List the four main determinants of Porter's competitive advantage of nations and describe each.
Q5) Discuss the trade-offs between standardisation and adaptation.
Q6) What is the purpose of value chain analysis? List its components.
Page 10
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Chapter 10: Internationalization, Relationships and Networks
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Sample Questions
Q1) Three modes of entry based on the firm's established position in international networks are international extension, international penetration and international integration.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Guanxi is manifested in:
A)Profit orientation
B)Human obligation
C)Transactional relationships
D)Financial obligation
E)Options A and C only
Q3) Compared to relationships, networks tend to be:
A)Looser arrangements
B)More focussed
C)Tighter arrangements
D)More formalised legal arrangement
E)Smaller in scope
Q4) Explain how a firm's international corporate social responsibility is influenced by its international networks.
11
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Chapter 11: Globalization
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Q1) Outline the steps that need to be taken in developing a global strategy. Take a product or company of your choice and show how these steps are implemented in practice.
Q2) Discuss the drivers and consequences of market globalisation.
Q3) One of the downsides of globalisation is that it promotes homogeneity of culture.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Global marketing implies a universal preference for high quality goods with consistent pricing strategies.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In a globalisation strategy, market participation refers to:
A)The number of potential customers in the target country
B)The number of existing competitors in the target country
C)The proportion of the population earning above the average income in the target country
D)The distribution of wealth between different market segments within the target country
E)The choice of country markets and the level of activity in these countries
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Chapter 12: Planning for Effective International Marketing
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Sample Questions
Q1) For a classic strategic plan, the formulation and evaluation of marketing strategies, including objectives and milestones, must be completed before the SWOT analysis is conducted.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Country of origin can be an important positioning attribute in international marketing.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Strategic market planning is the systematic and periodic process used by managers to examine the environments in which their company competes, the opportunities and threats they face, the goals and objectives to be achieved, and the products and services offered in order to maintain a viable fit between their company's capabilities and resources and the threats and opportunities that arise from a changing environment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the importance of the implementation and control phases of international marketing.
Q5) Discuss the emerging bases for global segmentation.
Page 13
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Chapter 13: Modifying Products for International Markets
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true?
A) Customers around the world have different needs and will perceive products as satisfying these needs to differing degrees.
B) Modifications to products may be driven by competitive or cultural reasons.
C) Modifications to products may be driven by external factors such as the legal and political climate.
D) Products may need to be modified at the core, basic, expected, augmented or potential product level for sale in international markets.
E) All of the above.
Q2) Diffusion refers to the movement of new products to and within overseas markets so that they are available to customers in those markets.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Identify the key elements of a firm's value chain, and explain why a strong value chain might be important to an international trading firm.
Q4) Discuss the functions packaging fulfills and issues each presents for international marketers.
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Chapter 14: International Pricing for Profit
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Sample Questions
Q1) An issue to determine in advance of calculating the price to be charged in the overseas market is:
A) objectives of pricing policy.
B) ability of the market to pay.
C) complexity of the distribution chain.
D) the cost recovery strategy to be adopted.
E) the level of profit desired.
Q2) In international markets, dumping refers to the practice of selling products overseas at a price:
A) lower than the cost of production.
B) higher than the current domestic value in the country of origin.
C) lower than the current domestic value in the country of destination.
D) higher than the current domestic value in the country of destination.
E) lower than the current domestic value in the country of origin.
Q3) What are the additional costs over a domestic price that need be factored into an export price to cover export activity?
Q4) How important is preliminary planning in the setting of an international price structure? What are the most important factors that need to be taken into account by the organisation?
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Chapter 15: Promotion in International Marketing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Country of origin stereotypes can be of three kinds which are:
A)Old economies, new economies, transition economies
B)Regional, local, global
C)Linguistic, memory-based, protectionist
D)Cognitive, affective, normative
E)Geocentric, regiocentric, ethnocentric
Q2) Humour in international advertising is a useful way of creating a global approach which helps overcome language and cultural barriers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Ways in which country of origin image can be promoted include:
A)Embedding the country of origin in the brand name
B)Using a national image in the design of the firm's logo
C)Using a word is from or sounds like a word from the language of the country of origin
D)All of the above
E)Options A and C only
Q4) Explain the value of different types of trade show for the purposes of promoting products and services in the international arena.
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Page 16
Chapter 16: Effective International Distribution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss in detail the available options (methods) for an organisation wishing to expand overseas.
Q2) The most promising products for trading internationally via the internet are those:
A)Where existing intermediaries do not perform the traditional wholesaler functions due to the high cost of servicing small, diverse and geographically dispersed players
B)That have many buyers and sellers operating internationally
C)That can be placed on auction sites to attract the highest bidder
D)Where existing retailers are not taking advantage of the opportunities that the internet provides
E)All of the above
Q3) Decisions on price setting in the international market involve establishing the minimum price the exporter is prepared to accept together with the maximum price the market is prepared to pay. What strategies could be used for determining this price?
Q4) Joint ventures are the most common form of overseas manufacture undertaken by Australian firms.
A)True
B)False
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17
Chapter 17: Marketing Services and Projects Overseas
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does the marketing of business services overseas differ from that of consumer goods services? Use examples to explain your answer.
Q2) When a supplier establishes an office in the foreign country and develops a partnership or appoints a representative, this is referred to as:
A)Consumption abroad
B)Commercial presence
C)Movement of natural persons
D)International movement
E)Cross border
Q3) The marketing mix for services is made up of seven elements. Which one of the following is NOT a part of that mix?
A)Perishability
B)Place
C)Tangible elements
D)Promotion
E)People
Q4) The SERVQUAL model identifies five components of service quality.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: International Marketing in the Decade Ahead
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the key product decisions a firm needs to make when entering a BOP market?
Q2) Outline the promotional approach a FMCG firm could take in Zimbabwe. Explain why this approach would be appropriate.
Q3) A key form of migration that takes place in emerging markets is regional and international migration, which involves skilled labour migrating to the developed countries.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Traditionally, the basis for international market segmentation has been cultural groupings.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The basic concern for consumers in BOP marketplaces is to:
A)Conform to group expectations and norms
B)Satisfy physiological needs in the best way possible
C)Understand the safety requirements for consumer products
D)Ensure ecological best practices are being met
E)Find products at the lowest price
Q6) What the characteristics of the BOP market?
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