Radiologic Technology Anatomy and Physiology
Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Radiologic Technology Anatomy and Physiology provides students with a comprehensive understanding of human body systems and structures as they relate specifically to radiologic imaging. The course covers the fundamental aspects of anatomy and physiology, emphasizing the skeletal, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems, as well as the relationships between anatomical landmarks and medical imaging procedures. Students learn medical terminology, anatomical positioning, and the physiological principles essential for accurate image production and interpretation. This foundational knowledge prepares students to recognize normal and pathological conditions on radiographic images and to apply safe, effective techniques in clinical settings.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology 7th Edition by Valerie C. Scanlon
Available Study Resources on Quizplus 22 Chapters
5020 Verified Questions
5020 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3176 Page 2
Chapter 1: Organization and General Plan of the Body
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
205 Verified Questions
205 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62889
Sample Questions
Q1) A group of tissues that work together is called a(n)____________________.
Answer: organ
Q2) The sacral and lumbar areas are both on the ____________________ side of the body.
Answer: dorsal (posterior)dorsal posterior
Q3) The junction of the upper limb and the trunk is:
A)the deltoid area
B)the axillary area
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and the pectoral area
Answer: C
Q4) The integumentary system:
A)includes the skin
B)is a barrier to pathogens
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and includes the hair
Answer: D
Q5) Red bone marrow produces blood cells; this production is part of its ____________________.
Answer: physiology
3
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 2: Some Basic Chemistry
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
266 Verified Questions
266 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62890
Sample Questions
Q1) All organic molecules contain the elements:
A)C,H,and N
B)C,H,and O
C)C,O,and N
D)H,O,and N
Answer: B
Q2) The fact that water changes temperature slowly is important for:
A)digestion of food
B)pumping of the heart
C)keeping a fairly constant body temperature
D)nerve impulse transmission
Answer: C
Q3) The energy-storage molecule in adipose tissue is ____________________. Answer: true fat
Q4) The accumulation of carbon dioxide will cause the ____________________ of body fluids to decrease.
Answer: pH
Q5) The product of cell respiration that in excess will cause cellular pH to decrease is
Answer: carbon dioxide
4
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 3: Cells
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
238 Verified Questions
238 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62891
Sample Questions
Q1) The cell organelle that synthesizes carbohydrates and secretes cell products is the:
A)mitochondria
B)Golgi apparatus
C)ribosomes
D)endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B
Q2) The cell organelle that transports materials within a cell is the:
A)Golgi apparatus
B)endoplasmic reticulum
C)mitochondrion
D)ribosome
Answer: B
Q3) The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called:
A)filtration
B)osmosis
C)pinocytosis
D)active transport
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
5
Chapter 4: Tissues and Membranes
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
206 Verified Questions
206 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62892
Sample Questions
Q1) The group of tissues that forms glands or covers surfaces is the ____________________ tissues.
Q2) The tissue that keeps the trachea an open airway is ____________________.
Q3) Which statement is NOT true of skeletal muscle?
A)It is attached to bones.
B)It does not need nerve impulses to contract.
C)It produces a significant amount of body heat.
D)It moves the skeleton.
Q4) Which of the following statements are true of body fluids? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)
A)Serous fluid prevents friction when the heart beats.
B)Lymph is the name for tissue fluid that has entered lymph capillaries.
C)Blood plasma is a transporting fluid.
D)Saliva and gastric juice are both digestive fluids.
E)The major heat-distributing fluid is tissue fluid.
F)White blood cells may be found in interstitial fluid as well as in plasma.
Q5) The major parts of a nerve cell are its ____________________,____________________,and
Q6) The serous membrane that covers the lungs is the ____________________.
Q7) The function of red blood cells is to ____________________.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: The Integumentary System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
164 Verified Questions
164 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62893
Sample Questions
Q1) The living part of a hair is the ____________________,where the process of ____________________ takes place.
Q2) The protein that enables the dermis to stretch and recoil is:
A)keratin
B)collagen
C)elastin
D)All of these permit stretching and recoiling.
Q3) The process by which sweating promotes loss of excess body heat is:
A)osmosis of sweat
B)evaporation of sweat
C)secretion of sweat
D)filtration of sweat
Q4) Vitamin ____________________ is produced in skin that is exposed to ____________________.
Q5) In a cold environment,the arterioles in the dermis will ____________________.
Q6) The protein that provides strength to the dermis is:
A)keratin
B)collagen
C)elastin
D)All of these provide strength.
Page 7
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 6: The Skeletal System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
224 Verified Questions
224 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62894
Sample Questions
Q1) In a synovial joint,the joint capsule is lined with the ____________________,which produces ____________________.
Q2) Between adjacent thoracic vertebrae are ____ joints.
A)hinge
B)symphysis
C)pivot
D)gliding
Q3) The function of a bursa in a joint is to permit the sliding of a ____________________.
Q4) The shoulder and hip joints are similar in that both are ____________________ joints.
Q5) The ethmoid bone helps protect the sensory receptors and nerves for:
A)smell
B)hearing
C)taste
D)touch
Q6) The type of bone that is NOT made of osteons is ____________________ bone.
Q7) Flat and irregular bones are made primarily of ____________________ bone.
Q9) The function of synovial fluid is to ____________________. Page 8
Q8) The hip joint is formed by the ____________________ and ____________________.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 9
Chapter 7: The Muscular System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
246 Verified Questions
246 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62895
Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is NOT true of oxygen and muscles?
A)Myoglobin in muscles stores some oxygen.
B)Hemoglobin in RBCs brings oxygen to muscles.
C)Both hemoglobin and myoglobin are lipids that contain iron.
D)Muscle fibers must have oxygen to complete cell respiration.
Q2) The function of the sacrospinalis group is to:
A)flex the neck
B)flex the vertebral column
C)extend the vertebral column
D)flex the sacrum
Q3) In the neuromuscular junction,cholinesterase is contained within the ____________________.
Q4) At the neuromuscular junction,the axon terminal contains:
A)acetylcholine to be stored when an impulse arrives
B)cholinesterase to return the impulse to the neuron
C)acetylcholine to transmit the impulse to the muscle fiber
D)cholinesterase to prevent unwanted continuous contractions
Q5) In the sliding filament mechanism,the inhibiting proteins are ____________________ and ____________________.
Q6) Within a muscle fiber,the sarcoplasmic reticulum contains
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 8: The Nervous System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
286 Verified Questions
286 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62896
Sample Questions
Q1) The part of the spinal cord that,in cross-section,is shaped like the letter H is the:
A)white matter
B)gray matter
C)junction of the dorsal and ventral roots
D)pattern of the ascending tracts
Q2) The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the:
A)ventral root ganglia
B)gray matter of the spinal cord
C)white matter of the spinal cord
D)dorsal root ganglia
Q3) Cerebrospinal fluid is found in the subarachnoid space and ventricles of the ____________________.
Q4) The ____________________ division of the autonomic nervous system constricts the pupils of the eyes.
Q5) The cerebral cortex is the:
A)white matter,the cell bodies of neurons
B)gray matter,the cell bodies of neurons
C)white matter,the axons and dendrites of neurons
D)gray matter,the axons and dendrites of neurons
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 9: The Senses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
217 Verified Questions
217 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62897
Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is NOT true of muscle sense?
A)The receptors may be called proprioceptors.
B)We do not have to see our muscles to know where they are.
C)Unconscious muscle sense is integrated by the cerebellum.
D)Conscious muscle sense is felt by the frontal lobes of the cerebrum.
Q2) The part of the eye that contracts to change the shape of the lens is the:
A)iris
B)cornea
C)ciliary muscle
D)optic nerve
Q3) The effect of a previous sensation on a current sensation is called:
A)contrast
B)projection
C)adaptation
D)afterimage
Q4) The choroid layer of the eye:
A)gets its dark color from melanin
B)absorbs light within the eyeball
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and is the outer layer of the eyeball
Page 12
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 10: The Endocrine System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
200 Verified Questions
200 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62898
Sample Questions
Q1) The direct stimulus for secretion of PTH is ____________________.
Q2) The hormone that decreases the blood glucose level-for instance,after a meal-is:
A)aldosterone
B)insulin
C)glucagon
D)epinephrine
Q3) Which hormone is NOT paired with its correct stimulus for secretion?
A)epinephrine - sympathetic impulses
B)aldosterone - low blood sodium level
C)testosterone - LH
D)ADH - increased water in the body
Q4) The hormone that has an anti-inflammatory effect is:
A)glucagon
B)cortisol
C)thyroxine
D)insulin
Q5) Some prostaglandins are necessary for the ____________________ of blood.
Q6) Secretion of thyroxine is stimulated by ____________________ from the ____________________ gland.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Q7) The direct stimulus for secretion of epinephrine is ____________________.
Chapter 11: Blood
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
217 Verified Questions
217 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62899
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of hemostasis? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)
A)Platelets will stick to any rough surface.
B)The greater the damage,the faster chemical clotting will begin.
C)Platelet plugs are not useful in capillaries.
D)Vascular spasm is not possible in capillaries because they do not have endothelium.
E)Vascular spasm constricts a damaged artery and makes the break smaller.
F)When a large vessel ruptures,vascular spasm must occur before chemical clotting can be useful.
Q2) A stimulus for RBC production is:
A)increased carbon dioxide in the blood
B)increased oxygen in the blood
C)increased iron in the blood,which the liver cannot store
D)erythropoietin produced by the kidneys
Q3) As a consequence of a mismatched blood transfusion,there will be ____________________ of the donated RBCs.
Q4) When old RBCs are destroyed,their iron may be returned to the ____________________ for the synthesis of ____________________.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 14
Chapter 12: The Heart
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
214 Verified Questions
214 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62900
Sample Questions
Q1) The part of the brain that regulates heart rate is the ____________________.
Q2) Which statement is NOT true of the location of the heart?
A)The heart is within the mediastinum.
B)The heart is medial to the lungs.
C)The heart is inferior to the diaphragm.
D)The heart is encircled and protected by the rib cage.
Q3) The normal range of resting heart rate for a healthy adult is ____________________ to ____________________ bpm.
Q4) The normal resting heart rate for a near-term fetus is:
A)60-80 bpm
B)70-90 bpm
C)80-90 bpm
D)100-140 bpm
Q5) The ejection fraction of the heart is the percent of the:
A)body's total blood a ventricle pumps per beat
B)body's total blood a ventricle pumps per minute
C)blood within a ventricle that is pumped during systole
D)blood within a ventricle that is pumped during diastole
Q6) Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by a ventricle in
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 13: The Vascular System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
214 Verified Questions
214 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62901
Sample Questions
Q1) abdominal aorta
Q2) The superior mesenteric artery is a branch of the:
A)aortic arch
B)abdominal aorta
C)ascending aorta
D)thoracic aorta
Q3) Anastomoses are important if a blood vessel becomes blocked because they:
A)exert force to remove the blockage
B)exchange materials between blood and tissues
C)help prevent an increase in blood pressure
D)provide other pathways for the flow of blood
Q4) The layer of the wall of an artery that helps prevent rupture is the ____________________.
Q5) aortic arch
Q6) In fetal circulation,blood flows from the fetus to the placenta through the ____________________.
Q7) When blood flow through the kidneys decreases,the process of ____________________ decreases,and ____________________ is conserved to maintain BP.
Q8) The function of valves in veins is to ____________________.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 14: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
244 Verified Questions
244 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62902
Sample Questions
Q1) In innate immunity,the function of neutrophils is ____________________,and the function of basophils is to produce ____________________.
Q2) Inflammation is the body's response to ____________________ and is part of ____________________ immunity.
Q3) Which of the following statements are true of lymph nodes and lymph nodules? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)
A)Lymph nodules are found in all mucous membranes.
B)Lymph nodes are found along the pathways of lymph vessels.
C)Both nodes and nodules contain macrophages and lymphocytes.
D)The tonsils and Peyer's patches are the lymphatic tissue of the pharynx.
E)Two of the most important paired groups of lymph nodes are the axillary and the inguinal nodes.
F)Within nodes and nodules,antibodies are produced by IG cells.
Q4) The purposes of inflammation are to ____ and to ____.
A)create pain/make the person see a doctor
B)bring more RBCs to the area/supply more oxygen
C)decrease tissue fluid formation in the damaged area/prevent damage to healthy tissue
D)eliminate the cause of the damage/permit tissue repair to begin
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 15: The Respiratory System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
236 Verified Questions
236 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62903
Sample Questions
Q1) In external respiration,the PCO<sub>2</sub> in the alveoli is ____________________,and the PCO<sub>2</sub> in the surrounding blood is
.
Q2) The central nervous system (CNS)respiratory centers are located in the ____________________ and ____________________.
Q3) The elastic lungs are always tending to collapse,but this is prevented by:
A)serous fluid
B)pulmonary surfactant
C)plasma
D)mucus
Q4) Normal exhalation is a passive process and depends on the ____________________ tissue of the lungs.
Q5) The strongest stimulus to increase the breathing rate is a higher level of ____________________ in the blood because this makes the blood more ____________________.
Q6) The carotid and aortic bodies contain ____________________ that detect decreases in the blood ____________________ level.
Q7) The nasopharynx is located behind the ____________________ and is lined with ____________________ epithelium.
Page 18
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 16: The Digestive System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
284 Verified Questions
284 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62904
Sample Questions
Q1) The changing of food to simpler molecules is ____________________ digestion,and these simpler molecules can be ____________________ by the small intestine.
Q2) Which statement is NOT true of swallowing?
A)The pharynx contracts and propels food into the esophagus.
B)The tongue pushes the food toward the pharynx.
C)Peristalsis of the esophagus propels food toward the stomach.
D)The epiglottis is elevated to cover the nasopharynx.
Q3) The liver is located in the ____________________ and ____________________ of the abdominal cavity.
Q4) The function of the intrinsic factor in gastric juice is to:
A)begin the digestion of proteins
B)increase the secretion of gastric juice
C)promote the absorption of glucose by the small intestine
D)prevent the digestion of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> by the stomach
Q5) The end products of fat digestion are:
A)amino acids
B)fatty acids and glycerol
C)fatty acids and glucose
D)monosaccharides
Page 19
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 17: Body Temperature and Metabolism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
228 Verified Questions
228 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62905
Sample Questions
Q1) In cell respiration,proper functioning of the ____________________ requires the minerals iron and copper.
Q2) Which statement is NOT true of fat metabolism?
A)Fatty acids and glycerol are used to synthesize fats to be stored in adipose tissue.
B)A gram of fat yields 9 kilocalories of energy.
C)To be used for energy,fatty acids are changed to smaller acetyl groups.
D)Excess glycerol may be changed to glucose to be used for energy production.
Q3) Which statement is NOT true of the use of food molecules in cell respiration?
A)Glycerol is changed to pyruvic acid and enters the Krebs cycle.
B)Fatty acids are changed to acetyl groups to enter the Krebs cycle.
C)Amino acids and fatty acids may be changed to ketones.
D)Glucose may be changed to ketones.
Q4) A high fever may cause brain damage because ____ lose their shapes.
A)proteins
B)enzymes
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and glucose molecules
Q5) The age group with the lowest average metabolic rate is the ____________________.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 20
Chapter 18: The Urinary System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
280 Verified Questions
280 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62906
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these will NOT be a consequence of the decreased secretion of ADH?
A)The kidneys will reabsorb less water.
B)Blood volume will decrease.
C)The urine will be more dilute.
D)Urinary output will decrease.
Q2) The process of tubular secretion is especially important to excrete:
A)creatinine
B)excess glucose
C)excess water
D)nitrogen dioxide
Q3) The process of glomerular filtration takes place from the:
A)Bowman's capsule to glomerulus
B)glomerulus to Bowman's capsule
C)glomerulus to renal tubule
D)renal tubule to glomerulus
Q4) The urea in urine comes from the metabolism of:
A)amino acids
B)nucleic acids
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and ketone acids
21
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 19: Fluidelectrolyte and Acidbase Balance
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
189 Verified Questions
189 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62907
Sample Questions
Q1) The movement of water through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure is called ____________________.
Q2) If the osmolarity of a solution increases,this means that the relative amount of water has ____________________.
Q3) Decreased respirations to retain carbon dioxide are a compensation for:
A)metabolic acidosis
B)metabolic alkalosis
C)respiratory acidosis
D)all of these
Q4) Negative ions such as chloride and sulfate are called:
A)anions
B)cations
C)flatirons
D)antiandirons
Q5) Water intake for the body,from least to greatest amounts,is:
A)metabolic water/liquids/foods
B)foods/metabolic water/liquids
C)foods/liquids/metabolic water
D)metabolic water/foods/liquids
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 22
Chapter 20: The Reproductive Systems
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
219 Verified Questions
219 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62908
Sample Questions
Q1) The hormone that stimulates release of milk from the mammary glands is ____________________.
Q2) The part of the endometrium that is lost in menstruation is the:
A)transitional layer
B)functional layer
C)germinative layer
D)basilar layer
Q3) The uterus is ____ to the urinary bladder.
A)inferior
B)superior
C)lateral
D)medial
Q4) The part of the endometrium that is lost in menstruation is the ____________________.
Q5) The part of the uterus that will become the maternal portion of the placenta is the:
A)ectometrium
B)myometrium
C)endometrium
D)serometrium
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 23
Chapter 21: Human Development and Genetics
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
209 Verified Questions
209 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62909
Sample Questions
Q1) For people,curly hair is dominant and straight hair is recessive.Genetics problem: Mom has straight hair and Dad is homozygous for curly hair.The chance that their child will have curly hair is:
A)0%
B)25%
C)50%
D)100%
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the embryonic membranes? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)
A)The amniotic sac surrounds the fetus and contains fluid.
B)The yolk sac provides the first nutrients for the embryo.
C)The chorion will form the maternal part of the placenta.
D)The first fetal blood cells are made by the amnion.
E)The embryonic membranes are not part of the fetus,but are made of fetal tissuE.
F)The yolk sac becomes a cushion for the embryo.
Q3) The possibilities for the expression of a gene are called
Q4) The early embryonic stage that is a hollow sphere of cells with an inner cell mass is the ____________________.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 24
Chapter 22: An Introduction to Microbiology and Human Disease
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
234 Verified Questions
234 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62910
Sample Questions
Q1) A subclinical infection is one in which the person ____________________.
Q2) The Gram stain distinguishes between bacteria that are ____________________ or ____________________,and this difference is based on the ____________________ of the bacteria.
Q3) Which of the following statements are true of resident flora (microbiota)? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)
A)The nasal cavities have a smaller flora than do the bronchioles.
B)Many of our resident flora prevent pathogens from establishing themselves.
C)Some colon flora produce vitamins that are useful to us.
D)The urinary bladder should have only a small population,and the blood should be free of bacteria.
E)Resident skin flora include fungi as well as bacteria.
F)Few pathogens reach the lungs,and those that do are quickly destroyed by red blood cells.
Q4) Most fungi live on dead organic matter and are therefore called:
A)parasites
B)saprophytes
C)normal flora
D)deadbeats
Page 25
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.