Radiologic Science Principles
Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Radiologic Science Principles provides an in-depth exploration of the foundational concepts, theories, and practices that support the science of medical imaging. The course covers the basic physics of radiation, the equipment and technology used in radiology, and the interactions between radiation and human tissues. Emphasis is placed on radiation safety, dose management, image production, and quality assurance. Students will gain a thorough understanding of how radiologic principles underpin diagnostic procedures and patient care, preparing them to apply these concepts in clinical settings and further radiologic coursework.
Recommended Textbook
Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 7th Edition by Mary Sherer
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14 Chapters
339 Verified Questions
339 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Radiation Protection
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The radiographer must answer patient questions about the potential risk of radiation exposure:
A) abruptly to discourage the patient from asking any other questions.
B) evasively so as not to reveal any information about radiation risk.
C) honestly and in understandable terms.
D) with technical terms.
Answer: C
Q2) Radiation phobia can be greatly reduced by explaining the diagnostic radiation dose to the patient by using the:
A) ALARA method.
B) BERT method.
C) ORP method.
D) TRACE method.
Answer: B
Q3) X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?
A) Environmental
B) Ionizing
C) Internal
D) Nonionizing
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the latent period for most radiation-induced cancers?
A) 1 year
B) 5 years
C) 7 years
D) 15 years or more
Answer: D
Q2) The amount of energy transferred to electrons by ionizing radiation is the basis of the concept of:
A) electromagnetic radiation.
B) nuclear power.
C) radioactive decay.
D) radiation dose.
Answer: D
Q3) According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),radon levels in homes should not exceed what level?
A) 200 pCi/L
B) 135 pCi/L
C) 47 pCi/L
D) 4 pCi/L
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Interaction of X-Radiation With Matter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a type of interaction between x-radiation and biologic matter?
A) Compton scattering
B) Bremsstrahlung
C) Pair production
D) Photoelectric absorption
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following interactions between photons and matter involves a matter-antimatter annihilation reaction?
A) Compton scattering
B) Coherent scattering
C) Pair production
D) Photoelectric absorption
Answer: C
Q3) What is the effective atomic number of compact bone?
A) 5.9
B) 7.4
C) 7.6
D) 13.8
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Radiation Quantities and Units
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a unit of energy that may be defined as the work done or energy expended when a force of 1 newton (N) acts on an object along a distance of 1 meter (m)?
A) Coulomb per kilogram
B) Erg
C) Gray
D) Joule
Q2) Among physicians,cancer deaths attributed to x-ray exposure were reported as early as:
A) 1910.
B) 1930.
C) 1937.
D) 1945.
Q3) Which of the following is essentially the sum total of air kerma over the exposed area of the patient's body surface?
A) Absorbed dose
B) Dose area product
C) Effective dose
D) Equivalent dose
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Radiation Monitoring
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Sample Questions
Q1) What do optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLs),thermoluminescent dosimeters,film badge dosimeters,and pocket ionization chambers have in common?
A) These devices are all used for area monitoring.
B) These devices all use the same sensing material to detect ionizing radiation.
C) These devices are all used for personnel monitoring.
D) Each of these devices can only be used for personnel monitoring for a maximum of 6 months.
Q2) Which of the following personnel dosimeters resembles an ordinary fountain pen externally?
A) Film badge dosimeter
B) Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter
C) Pocket ionization chamber
D) Thermoluminescent dosimeter
Q3) The optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter is "read out" by using:
A) a densitometer.
B) an ionization chamber.
C) a thermoluminescent analyzer.
D) laser light at selected frequencies.
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Chapter 6: Overview of Cell Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cell components that contain the centrioles are the:
A) centrosomes.
B) Golgi apparatus and mitochondria.
C) lysosomes.
D) ribosomes.
Q2) During what phase of mitosis do the paired sister chromatids separate from one another to form individual daughter chromosomes?
A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase
Q3) Which of the following causes an increase in cellular activity that in turn causes biochemical reactions to occur more rapidly to meet the needs of the cell?
A) Acetic acids
B) Enzymes
C) Hormones
D) Nucleic acids
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8
Chapter 7: Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Direct action may occur after exposure to any type of radiation,but it is much more likely to happen after exposure to:
A) low-LET radiation such as x-rays.
B) low-LET radiation such as gamma rays.
C) high-LET radiation such as alpha particles.
D) nonionizing radiation such as microwaves.
Q2) Neutrophils play an important role in:
A) circulating blood through the human body.
B) clotting blood.
C) fighting infection.
D) preventing hemorrhage.
Q3) Which of the following means the loss or change of a nitrogenous base in the DNA chain?
A) Aneuploidy
B) Bleb
C) Free radical
D) Mutation
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Chapter 8: Early Deterministic Radiation Effects on Organ Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hematopoietic form of acute radiation syndrome is also called the:
A) Auger syndrome.
B) bone marrow syndrome.
C) cerebrovascular syndrome.
D) mutational syndrome.
Q2) In 1898,after sustaining severe burns attributed to radiation exposure,this Boston dentist began investigating the hazards of radiation exposure and became the first known advocate of radiation protection:
A) Marie Curie
B) Clarence Madison Dally
C) Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
D) William Herbert Rollins
Q3) For persons with hematopoietic syndrome,survival time shortens as the radiation dose:
A) decreases.
B) increases.
C) remains the same.
D) there is no survival time for persons with the hematopoietic syndrome.
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Chapter 9: Late Deterministic and Stochastic Radiation
Effects on Organ Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mutations in genes and DNA that occur at random as natural phenomena are called:
A) deterministic mutations.
B) sporadic mutations.
C) spontaneous mutations.
D) stochastic mutations.
Q2) After the 1986 nuclear power station accident in Chernobyl,Ukraine,an attempt was made to prevent thyroid cancer in children in Poland and some other countries as a consequence of accidental overdose of iodine-131; _______________ was administered as a substitute for take-up of iodine-131.
A) potassium bromide
B) sodium chloride
C) sodium bicarbonate
D) potassium iodide
Q3) Uranium miners in the Colorado plateau who developed lung cancer years after exposure provide an example of which of the following?
A) Early deterministic somatic effects
B) Late stochastic effects
C) Early genetic effects
D) Late genetic effects
11
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Chapter 10: Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The responsibility for maintaining radiation monitoring records for all personnel and for providing counseling for individuals who receive monitor readings in excess of allowable limits belongs to the:
A) director of human resources of a health care facility.
B) designated radiation safety officer of a health care facility.
C) hospital administrator.
D) radiologic technologist in charge of quality control.
Q2) When whole-body occupational exposure is controlled by keeping the effective dose (EfD) well below the upper boundary limit,the possibility of inducing stochastic effects of radiation is:
A) increased considerably.
B) increased slightly.
C) maintained at an acceptable level.
D) minimized.
Q3) In general,deterministic effects typically occur:
A) after all diagnostic imaging procedures.
B) only after some diagnostic imaging procedures.
C) only after routine fluoroscopic procedures.
D) only after large doses of radiation are received.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
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Sample Questions
Q1) When using digital fluoroscopy systems,making use of the last-image-hold feature can:
A) be an effective dose reduction technique.
B) eliminate the need to collimate the primary beam.
C) eliminate increased involuntary patient motion.
D) eliminate increased voluntary patient motion.
Q2) When settings are changed from one mA to a neighboring mA station,the most that linearity can vary is:
A) 0%.
B) 10%.
C) 20%.
D) 50%.
Q3) Which of the following materials is commonly used in the tabletop of a radiographic examination table to make the tabletop as radiolucent as possible so that it will absorb only a minimal amount of radiation,thereby reducing the patient's radiation dose?
A) Carbon fiber material
B) Formica
C) Granite
D) Slate
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) During a radiographic examination,which of the following combinations of technical exposure factors and filtration reduce patient radiation dose?
A) Lower kVp, higher mAs, decreased filtration
B) Higher kVp, lower mAs, increased filtration
C) Higher kVp, higher mAs, decreased filtration
D) Lower kVp, lower mAs, increased filtration
Q2) Which of the following is frequently a problem in diagnostic pediatric radiography?
A) Lack of availability of appropriate pediatric immobilization devices
B) Lack of cooperation of parents or guardian
C) Lack of appropriate individuals to assist in holding a pediatric patient during an exposure
D) Patient motion
Q3) Studies of groups such as the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima have shown that damage to newborns is unlikely for doses below:
A) 5 Gy.
B) 2 Gy.
C) 0.5 Gy.
D) 0.2 Gy.
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Chapter 13: Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation
Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is another term for use factor (U)?
A) Workload factor
B) Occupancy factor in controlled and uncontrolled areas
C) Beam direction factor
D) Protective barrier thickness consideration factor
Q2) For C-arm devices with similar fields of view,the dose rate to personnel located within a meter of the patient is:
A) comparable to that of routine fluoroscopy.
B) far greater than the dose rate of routine fluoroscopy.
C) significantly less than the dose rate of routine fluoroscopy.
D) comparable to that of high-level-control fluoroscopy.
Q3) When doors to radiographic and fluoroscopic rooms are closed during radiation exposures,a substantial degree of protection is provided for persons in areas adjacent to the room door.This is because in most facilities room doors have attenuation for diagnostic energy x-ray equivalent to that provided by _______ mm of lead.
A) 0.2
B) 0.4
C) 0.6
D) 0.8
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
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Sample Questions
Q1) Iodine-125 (¹² I) in the form of titanium-encapsulated cylindrical seeds has been used quite extensively within the past decade to give a tumoricidal radiation equivalent dose for:
A) malignant brain tumors.
B) malignant breast tumors.
C) malignant lung tumors.
D) prostate cancers that are confined within the prostate gland.
Q2) During a radiation emergency,the dose limit for individuals engaging in lifesaving activities is:
A) 50 mSv per event.
B) 100 mSv per event.
C) 250 mSv per event.
D) 500 mSv per event.
Q3) While a patient receiving Iodine-131 (¹³¹I) therapy is hospitalized,a large,_________,rolling lead shield can be positioned between the patient and any attending personnel for protection.
A) up to 1-inch-thick
B) 2-inch-thick
C) 3-inch-thick
D) 6-inch-thick
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