Radiologic Science Fundamentals
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Course Introduction
Radiologic Science Fundamentals introduces students to the foundational principles and practices of medical imaging. The course covers the history and evolution of radiology, the basic physics of X-rays, radiation safety, image production techniques, and quality control measures. Students gain an understanding of radiographic equipment, exposure factors, and the role of radiologic technologists in the healthcare system. Emphasis is placed on patient care, ethical considerations, and the importance of communication in clinical settings, preparing students for further study and clinical experience in radiologic sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Digital Radiography An Introduction for Technologists 1st Edition by Euclid Seeram
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Chapter 1: Digital Radiography: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) Image and data communications are concerned with the use of computer communication networks to transmit images from the acquisition phase to the display/viewing and ____________________.
Answer: storage phase
Q2) The application of digital fluoroscopy to angiography is referred to as ____________________.
Answer: digital subtraction angiography
Q3) While the RIS and HIS handle essentially textual information, specifically dealing with business operations for the entire hospital, the PACS handle images generated by the various ____________________.
Answer: digital imaging modalities
Q4) For radiography, which of the following is the highest of all the other imaging modalities, and can range from 5 -15 line pairs/mm?
A) spatial resolution
B) film-screen
C) contrast resolution
D) optical range
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Digital Imaging Processing Concepts
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Q1) Which of the following would generate an output signal in which its intensity varies continuously depending on the location of the light on the image?
A) ADC
B) PMT
C) MRI
D) FOV
Answer: B
Q2) Digital imaging modalities such as CT, MRI, diagnostic ultrasound, and nuclear medicine incorporate digital image processing as an essential tool to manipulate and enhance ___________________.
Answer: digital images
Q3) The term ___________________ implies that all the pixels in the entire input image are used to change the value of a pixel in the output image.
Answer: global
Q4) The greater the ____________________, the more accurately the signals from the detectors can be digitized for a faithful reproduction of the original signal.
Answer: bits
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4
Chapter 3: Computed Radiography: Physics and Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term refers to the time it takes for a latent image to disappear?
A) fading
B) absorption
C) conduction
D) imaging
Answer: A
Q2) X-ray exposure of the IP causes it to fluoresce (emit light when it is exposed to X-rays)for an extended duration.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Which CR QC test is used to assess the uniformity of the recorded signal from a uniformly exposed imaging plate?
A) dark noise
B) erasure thoroughness
C) spatial accuracy
D) CR imaging plate test for uniformity
Answer: A
Q4) ____________________ involves both sampling the analog signal and quantization.
5
Answer: Digitization
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Chapter 4: Effective Use of Computed Radiography
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Q1) Currently, each major vendor uses a unique ____________________ indicator whose values indicate the exposure delivered to the plate.
Q2) With digital imaging, automatic rescaling of the image provides images that have similar brightness (density)over an exposure range greater than ____X.
A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50
Q3) Acquiring one image on the smallest plate available avoids which recognition error?
A) exposure field
B) bilateral
C) multiple exposure
D) intrafield scatter
Q4) The accuracy of the exposure indicators depends on accurate reader calibration and appropriate exposure field recognition.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Flat-Panel Digital Radiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ____ is a graph of the contrast plotted as a function of spatial frequency.
A) DQE
B) SNR
C) MTF
D) a-Se
Q2) Optimization of the image displayed on monitors for viewing by both technologists and radiologists requires a good working knowledge of not only image processing but also display ____________________ principles and technology.
Q3) Which of the following is a photoconductor that conducts electrons when struck by light or X-ray photons?
A) selenium
B) cesium iodide
C) amorphous silicon
D) photodiode
Q4) The column artifact arising from a bad column of pixels indeed provides a rationale for ongoing ____________________ of the digital imaging system.
Q5) The ____________________ technology was developed as a dedicated system specifically for imaging the chest.
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Chapter 6: Digital Fluoroscopy
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Q1) Which system couples the video camera to the television monitor by means of a coaxial cable and control electronics?
A) fluoroscope imaging
B) image intensifier
C) image distributor
D) magnification
Q2) ____________________ subtraction involves the digital subtraction of images in time.
Q3) In the case of ____________________ scanning, 262.5 odd lines (one TV field)are first scanned, followed by 262.5 even lines (one TV field).
Q4) Conventional fluoroscopy with an image intensifier operates in the low mA mode, and therefore the noise level is usually high.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In digital fluoroscopy, the ADC receives the output video signal (analog signal)from the video camera.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Digital Mammography
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Q1) Which of the following algorithms enhances the sharpness of the borders of mass lesions, but may make even an indistinct mass appear more circumscribed?
A) peripheral equalization
B) Trex processing
C) unsharp masking
D) manual intensity windowing
Q2) Which of the following involves at least three steps to distinguish between lesions and normal anatomical structures?
A) qualitative interpretation
B) data processing
C) image processing
D) quantitation
Q3) In order to compare the clinical usefulness of a new technique with existing techniques, it is essential to conduct ____________________.
Q4) The overall diagnostic accuracy of digital and film mammography as a means of screening for breast cancer is similar, but ____________________ mammography is more accurate in women under the age of 50 years, women with radiographically dense breasts, and premenopausal or perimenopausal women.
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Chapter 8: Picture Archiving and Communication Systems
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Q1) These definitions imply that PACS is a digital radiology computer-based system or medical device where images acquired from a patient are displayed on monitors for viewing and subsequent digital image ____________________.
Q2) ____, as defined by IHE, are information systems or components of information systems that produce, manage, or act on information associated with operational activities in the enterprise.
A) Integration profiles
B) Textual data
C) Actors
D) Data models
Q3) In the digital imaging environment, one of the central means of addressing this particular challenge requires the use of a(n)____________________ archiving and communication systems.
Q4) Communication and integration of all of the ____ components require the use of communication protocol standards.
A) IHE
B) DICOM
C) PACS
D) HL-7
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Chapter 9: Medical Imaging Informatics: An Overview
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Q1) Which of the following is a secure, real-time, point-of-care, patient-centric information resource for physicians?
A) EHR
B) HIS
C) PACS
D) IT
Q2) ____________________ threats fall into three categories: social engineering attacks, hardware attacks, and software attacks.
Q3) Storage converts data to information that can be used by human observers to solve problems, such as diagnosing a patient's medical condition.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The terms health care information system and hospital information system both refer to a group of systems used within a hospital or enterprise that support and enhance ____________________.
Q5) A(n)____________________ allows several devices to be connected together to utilize data and information.
Q6) Data transmission requires some sort of ____________________ to do the task.
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Chapter 10: Quality Control for Digital Radiography
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Q1) ____ is used by imaging scientists and engineers to mean the ratio between the highest detectable radiation level and the lowest detectable radiation level for an image receptor.
A) Latitude
B) Range-of-adjustment
C) Exposure latitude
D) Exposure factor creep
Q2) The period of ____________________ is important in deciding upon which indicators of changes in performance we are going to monitor routinely.
Q3) Each QC system has some sort of registration device that allows direct manual input of demographic and exam information.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Sometimes improper operation of the ____ system is the underlying cause of a failure to detect the radiation field.
A) CR
B) VOI
C) DR
D) QC
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