Radiologic Science Fundamentals
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Radiologic Science Fundamentals introduces students to the core principles and techniques used in medical imaging. The course covers the basic physics of radiation, the operation of radiographic equipment, patient positioning, radiation safety protocols, and quality assurance in imaging procedures. Emphasis is placed on understanding the production and properties of X-rays, image formation, and digital imaging technologies. Students will also learn about the ethical and legal aspects of radiologic practice, developing foundational knowledge essential for further clinical and technical training in the field of radiologic science.
Recommended Textbook
Digital Radiography An Introduction for Technologists 1st Edition by Euclid Seeram
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Chapter 1: Digital Radiography: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) Digital radiography imaging modalities include communication radiography (CR), flat-panel digital radiography (DR), digital mammography (DM), and digital fluorescence (DF)and the laser film digitizer.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q2) The purpose of image compression is to increase storage space and decrease the image transmission time.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q3) Which of the following is one important objective descriptor of digital image quality?
A) DQE
B) PMT
C) CCD
D) IP
Answer: A
Q4) Film-based imaging is limited in its ____________________. Answer: contrast resolution
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Chapter 2: Digital Imaging Processing Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) In radiology, what is the viewing task of the radiologist?
A) Manipulate images.
B) Generate digital images.
C) Assess image quality.
D) Detect pathology.
Answer: D
Q2) A digital image is made up of a 2D array of numbers called a(n)____________________.
Answer: matrix
Q3) A ____ histogram implies more contrast and a ____ histogram will show less contrast.
A) narrow; long
B) wide; narrow
C) narrow; wide
D) wide; long
Answer: B
Q4) The term ___________________ implies that all the pixels in the entire input image are used to change the value of a pixel in the output image.
Answer: global
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Chapter 3: Computed Radiography: Physics and Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a feature in an image that masks or mimics a clinical feature?
A) noise
B) artifact
C) density resolution
D) detective quantum efficiency
Answer: B
Q2) The ____ descriptor takes into consideration not only the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)but also the system noise, and therefore includes a measure of the amount of noise added.
A) PS
B) SID
C) EI
D) DQE
Answer: D
Q3) Energy subtraction imaging can be done in CR using a special ____________________ to create separate images of bone and soft tissue.
Answer: algorithm
Q4) The digital detector used in CR imaging is the ____________________. Answer: imaging plate
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Chapter 4: Effective Use of Computed Radiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) If larger body structures are done 3 on 1, the ____________________ scatter will reduce the contrast unless the unexposed areas are shielded between exposures.
Q2) With digital imaging, automatic rescaling of the image provides images that have similar brightness (density)over an exposure range greater than ____X.
A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50
Q3) With CR, grid cutoff does not result in a light image, due to the automatic ____________________ of the image.
Q4) Which of the following is expressed as pixels/mm, also referred to as pixel density?
A) speed screen
B) digital detector
C) spatial resolution
D) sampling frequency
Q5) If a vendor provides a fixed-speed class operation, the system operates as a screen/film system of the selected ____________________.
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6
Chapter 5: Flat-Panel Digital Radiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a photoconductor that conducts electrons when struck by light or X-ray photons?
A) selenium
B) cesium iodide
C) amorphous silicon
D) photodiode
Q2) Too much edge enhancement produces image noise and creates ____.
A) nonlinear response
B) poor contrast
C) linear response
D) an halo effect
Q3) Which of the following reduces the output image from the scintillator phosphor to the size of the CCD array?
A) pixel detector
B) exposure indicator
C) photoconductor
D) optical system
Q4) Flaws in the various components that make up a panel can lead to image lag.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Digital Fluoroscopy
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Q1) Digital fluoroscopy systems with an image intensifier and video camera (both television camera tubes and CCD cameras)in the imaging chain have been replaced with ____.
A) WLs
B) FPDs
C) DSAs
D) LEDs
Q2) _________________ of the image in conventional fluoroscopy is an important feature of the image intensifier.
Q3) Which of the following is an image-processing technique used to reduce the radiation dose to the patient?
A) temporal frame average
B) edge enhancement
C) last-image hold
D) grayscale-image manipulation
Q4) The operational elements of a dynamic FPD involve three sequences, resulting in a single ____________________ that must be completed in at least 33 ms for fluoroscopy.
Q5) In 1983, the ____________________ replaced the TV camera tube in digital fluoroscopy.
8
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Chapter 7: Digital Mammography
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Q1) Digital mammography (DM)is radiography of the breast using a digital detector coupled to a computer that makes use of digital image processing techniques to enhance the visibility of detail and contrast of the image.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ____________________ systems are essentially based on two approaches: those that use location of lesions by using the computer to search for abnormal patterns and those that quantify the image features of normal and/or abnormal patterns.
Q3) ____ uses the principles of conventional tomography to produce tomographic images that are intended to enhance the conspicuity of lesions by blurring out structures above and below the layer of interest.
A) Digital tomosynthesis
B) CAD systems
C) Quantitation
D) Discriminant analysis
Q4) Image processing is designed to optimize the quality of the output, but it should be remembered that sub-optimal image processing and display has the potential to result in image degradation and ____________________.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Picture Archiving and Communication Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two types of RIS/HIS integration schemes are available: one is brokerless and the other one uses a broker and is the preferred and default method.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A CR examination consisting of two images with an image size of 2048 x 2048 x 12 will result in ____ MB of data.
A) 12
B) 14
C) 16
D) 18
Q3) Which of the following are described in terms of matrix size, inherent spatial resolution, bit depth, number of slices, study sizes, and overall image quality?
A) computer networks
B) storage servers
C) image data sets
D) image acquisition modalities
Q4) In order to integrate the two information systems, the RIS and the HIS, several data ____________________ standards have been developed.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Medical Imaging Informatics: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) The results of computer processing can be displayed on monitors for viewing by a human observer.What is this called?
A) storage
B) input
C) processing
D) output
Q2) ____ involves the use of two major technologies, computer technology and communications technology, to solve problems in society.
A) CR
B) DM
C) DR
D) IT
Q3) A(n)____________________ allows several devices to be connected together to utilize data and information.
Q4) Costs associated with various procedures performed on patients are generated and sent to a(n)____________________ system.
Q5) A(n)____________________ is an electronic machine for solving problems through the use of a number of characteristic elements.
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Chapter 10: Quality Control for Digital Radiography
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Q1) Because DR receptors are reused, ____________________ arising from receptor defects, dust and debris that interfere with the collection of light for CR and indirect DR systems, and contaminants such as barium contrast will show up on all subsequent images from that receptor until the problem is corrected.
Q2) What is another name for the flowchart of the steps involved in performing a DR exam?
A) indicator
B) control limit
C) process map
D) metadata
Q3) ____ is used by imaging scientists and engineers to mean the ratio between the highest detectable radiation level and the lowest detectable radiation level for an image receptor.
A) Latitude
B) Range-of-adjustment
C) Exposure latitude
D) Exposure factor creep
Q4) The period of ____________________ is important in deciding upon which indicators of changes in performance we are going to monitor routinely.
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