Radiographic Technique and Image Analysis
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Radiographic Technique and Image Analysis introduces students to the fundamental principles and practices involved in the creation and evaluation of diagnostic radiographic images. The course covers topics such as the operation of radiographic equipment, selection of appropriate exposure factors, patient positioning, image receptor systems, and the impact of various technical variables on image quality. Emphasis is placed on the identification and correction of common imaging errors, as well as the application of anatomical knowledge to optimize radiographic procedures. Students will also develop critical analysis skills to assess image quality, ensuring that radiographs meet diagnostic standards while minimizing patient exposure.
Recommended Textbook
Digital Radiography An Introduction 1st Edition by Euclid Seeram
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Chapter 1: Digital Radiography: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) Image and data communications are concerned with the use of computer communication networks to transmit images from the acquisition phase to the display/viewing and ____________________.
Answer: storage phase
Q2) The purpose of image compression is to increase storage space and decrease the image transmission time.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) In the production of film-based radiographic images, X-rays pass through the patient and fall upon the film to form a(n) ____________________.
Answer: latent image
Q4) The film contrast can be described by what is popularly known as the ____________________ or the Hurter-Driffield (H and D) curve.
Answer: film characteristic curve
Q5) The application of digital image processing to fluoroscopy is referred to as
Answer: digital fluoroscopy
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Chapter 2: Digital Imaging Processing Concepts
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Q1) The number of bits per pixel is the ____________________.
Answer: bit depth
Q2) What class of digital image processing allows measurements and statistics to be performed, as well as image segmentation, feature extraction, and classification of objects?
A)image analysis
B)image synthesis
C)image compression
D)image restoration
Answer: A
Q3) Digital imaging modalities such as CT, MRI, diagnostic ultrasound, and nuclear medicine incorporate digital image processing as an essential tool to manipulate and enhance ___________________.
Answer: digital images
Q4) A(n) ____________________ is a graph of the number of pixels in the entire image or part of the image having the same gray levels (density values) plotted as a function of the gray levels.
Answer: histogram
Q5) The third step in digitizing an image is ____________________.
Answer: quantization
4
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Chapter 3: Computed Radiography: Physics and Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) For the same FOV, the greater the matrix size, the smaller the pixels and the better the image sharpness.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) It was in 1983 that commercialization of CR imaging systems for use in diagnostic radiology began, when ____________________ introduced their FCR-101 unit.
Answer: Fuji
Q3) An image with a bit depth of ____ will have 256 (28) shades of gray per pixel.
A)4
B)8
C)12
D)18
Answer: B
Q4) The fundamental problem with high exposures is that of increased ____________________ dose to the patient.
Answer: radiation
Q5) The digital detector used in CR imaging is the ____________________. Answer: imaging plate
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Chapter 4: Effective Use of Computed Radiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following has more of an effect on image contrast than the kVp?
A)grid image
B)differential attenuation
C)processing algorithm
D)scatter fogging
Q2) If the receptor is overexposed by a factor of ____, one would assume that the patient received an equally high exposure.
A)2X
B)3X
C)4X
D)5X
Q3) Which of the following is expressed as pixels/mm, also referred to as pixel density?
A)speed screen
B)digital detector
C)spatial resolution
D)sampling frequency
Q4) The factors determining ____________________ included motion factors, geometric factors, and the spatial resolution of the receptor unit (line pair/mm).
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Chapter 5: Flat-Panel Digital Radiography
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Q1) Flat-panel digital detectors are complex devices and pose numerous challenges in the ____________________ process.
Q2) All digital imaging systems have what is referred to as the limiting resolution, which is the spatial frequency limit that is obtained at an MTF value of 0.1.
A)True
B)False
Q3) While the low frequencies contain fine details of the image, high frequencies contain the contrast information in the image.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is a complex mathematical function that measures the ability of the detector to transfer its spatial resolution characteristics to the image?
A)image lag
B)dynamic range
C)spatial resolution
D)modulation transfer function
Q5) The narrower the LSF, the better the ____________________ resolution.
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Chapter 6: Digital Fluoroscopy
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Q1) In fluoroscopy, a ____ converts the light from the output screen of the image intensifier into an electrical signal (output video signal), which is sent to the television monitor where it is converted into a visible image that can be viewed in real time.
A)CCD camera
B)television camera
C)closed-circuit camera
D)video camera
Q2) ____ refers to the brightening of the fluoroscopic image using the image intensifier.
A)Pulsed fluoroscopy
B)Conventional fluoroscopy
C)Magnification
D)Image intensification
Q3) The purpose of ____________________ frame averaging is to reduce the noise present in an image by continuously displaying an image that is created by averaging the current frame with one or more previous frames of digital fluoroscopic image data.
Q4) ____________________ subtraction involves the digital subtraction of images in time.
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Chapter 7: Digital Mammography
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Q1) In order to compare the clinical usefulness of a new technique with existing techniques, it is essential to conduct ____________________.
Q2) Two CAD systems commercially available for use in Radiology are the R2 Image Checker, R2 Technology from R2 Technology, Inc., Los Altos, California; and the CADx ____________________, CADx Medical Systems, Quebec, Canada.
Q3) The CsI phosphor is deposited on top of the a-Si TFT array in a needle-like fashion (to reduce lateral dispersion of light in order to improve image detail) and converts X-rays into images.
A)True B)False
Q4) The detector system consists of a thin layer of a(n) ____________________, a-Se, deposited onto a readout layer of electronics.
Q5) ____________________ systems are essentially based on two approaches: those that use location of lesions by using the computer to search for abnormal patterns and those that quantify the image features of normal and/or abnormal patterns.
Q6) Film is processed using a chemical processor to render the latent image ____________________.
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Chapter 8: Picture Archiving and Communication Systems
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Q1) In the digital imaging environment, one of the central means of addressing this particular challenge requires the use of a(n) ____________________ archiving and communication systems.
Q2) In the ____, a system integrator provides all PACS-related service to a client, which can be the entire hospital or practice group. No IT requirements are required by the client.
A)partnership model
B)application service provider model
C)home-grown model
D)turnkey model
Q3) The ultimate goal of workflow is to improve patient care and the efficiency of various processes, from patient registration and image acquisition to report generation, archiving, and image/report distribution throughout the health care enterprise.
A)True
B)False
Q4) For the management and care of patients, PACS have been implemented largely in hospitals and clinics where health care and medical information are the primary focus. These systems can also be used for teaching and ____________________ purposes.
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Chapter 9: Medical Imaging Informatics: An Overview
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Q1) ____ deals with the structure and function of a computer, and how it can be used to solve problems.
A)Information technology
B)Imaging informatics
C)Computer technology
D)Communications technology
Q2) ____ is a computer-based system for storing and transmitting images to remote locations for use by others involved in the medical management of the patient.
A)MII
B)DICOM
C)RIS
D)PACS
Q3) ____________________ informatics has been identified as one of the biomedical imaging research opportunities that has the potential to enhance the roadmap themes of the National Institutes of Health in the United States.
Q4) Data transmission requires some sort of ____________________ to do the task.
Q5) The vast array of security risks provides a significant rationale for ____________________ methods.
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Chapter 10: Quality Control for Digital Radiography
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Q1) If erasure is inadequate, the previous exposure is superimposed as ____.
A)reusable image media
B)a ghost image
C)a flat field image
D)shading
Q2) With screen-film radiography, which part of the developed film indicates how much radiation has been used in the examination?
A)DR
B)CR
C)kVp
D)OD
Q3) What is another name for the flowchart of the steps involved in performing a DR exam?
A)indicator
B)control limit
C)process map
D)metadata
Q4) If the operator interface to the machine is extremely complex, ____________________ errors will increase exponentially.
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