Radiographic Imaging Principles
Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Radiographic Imaging Principles explores the scientific foundations and core techniques used in the production of diagnostic radiographic images. The course covers key principles such as x-ray generation, image formation, exposure factors, image quality assessment, and detector technologies. Students gain an understanding of radiographic equipment operation, radiation protection measures, and the factors influencing image contrast, detail, and distortion. Emphasis is placed on optimizing image quality while minimizing patient exposure, analyzing artifacts, and applying quality control standards in clinical practice. This course prepares students for safe, effective image acquisition and interpretation in medical imaging environments.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Radiographic Physics and Imaging 2nd Edition by James Johnston
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16 Chapters
1530 Verified Questions
1530 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to the Imaging Sciences
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76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The property of an object with mass that resists a change in its state of motion is A)momentum
B)power
C)energy
D)inertia
Answer: D
Q2) How much work is done if 5 N of force is used to lift a box 3 meters high?
A)15 W.
B)15 kg-m/s.
C)15 N/s.
D)15 J.
Answer: D
Q3) If a basketball goes from being stationary to a velocity of 18 m/s in 3 seconds,what is its acceleration?
A)6 N.
B)6 m/s².
C)6 m/s.
D)6 W.
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Structure of the Atom
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63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a neutral atom,the atomic number indicates the number of A)protons
B)neutrons
C)electrons
D)A and B
E)A and C
Answer: E
Q2) The number of protons and neutrons in the atom's nucleus is the
A)atomic number
B)atomic mass number
C)element
D)compound
Answer: B
Q3) If an atom has more electrons than protons it will
A)have a negative charge
B)have a positive charge
C)be electrically neutral
D)have neither a positive nor negative charge
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Electromagnetic and Particulate Radiation
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58 Verified Questions
58 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All electromagnetic radiation travels at the same speed.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) An object we see as black is _______________ all of the wavelengths of visible light.
A)absorbing
B)diffusing
C)reflecting
D)changing
Answer: A
Q3) Electromagnetic radiation causes both ____________ and _____________ disturbances.
A)mechanical;heat
B)electrical;mechanical
C)magnetic;electrical
D)mechanical;visual
Answer: C
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5
Chapter 4: The X-Ray Circuit
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adjusting the rheostat changes the _______________ in the ______________ circuit.
A)resistance;primary B)voltage;primary C)resistance;filament D)voltage;filament
Q2) Electrification by induction requires that the two objects
A)are in direct,constant contact with each other B)are not at all in contact with each other C)contact each other and then separate D)are as far apart as possible from each other
Q3) One Coulomb is equal to the electrical charge of 6.25 × 10¹
A)electrons
B)protons
C)neutrons
D)nuclei
Q4) Every magnet has a north,south,east,and west pole.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: The X-Ray Tube
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The oil surrounding the x-ray tube serves only to provide electrical insulation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) To get the rotor to move,each pair of stators are energized sequentially.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The effective focal spot is smaller than the actual focal spot because the face of the anode is angled.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The atomic number of tungsten is
A)14
B)34
C)74
D)104
Q5) The advantage to using a small effective focal spot is
A)the image is sharper
B)the image is less sharp
C)less exposure can be used
D)it is safer for the patient
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Chapter 6: X-Ray Production
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72 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Generally speaking,an increase in the quantity of radiation results in decreased patient dose.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When a filament electron knocks out a K shell electron from the tungsten atom,it leads to
A)a brems x-ray photon
B)a 39.5 keV energy x-ray photon
C)a characteristic x-ray photon
D)none of the above
Q3) It is recommended that kVp not be used to control beam quantity because A)it affects scatter production
B)it affects penetrability of the beam
C)it is less predictable in how changing the kVp affects the image
D)all of the above
Q4) The stronger the attraction between the filament electron and the nucleus,the less energy the brems photon has.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: X-Ray Interactions With Matter
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66 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When i does interact with the image receptor,the Compton scatter photon contributes no useful information because
A)its energy is too low
B)its energy is too high
C)it has changed direction
D)none of the above
Q2) A breakage of the major structure and framework of the macromolecule as a result of an x-ray interaction is called
A)main-chain scission
B)cross-linking
C)point lesions
D)all of the above
Q3) The probability of Compton scattering depends on the atomic number of the atom.
A)True
B)False
Q4) All Compton scatter photons travel in the direction of the image receptor.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Image Production
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66 Verified Questions
66 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The computer is associated with A)film-screen imaging
B)digital imaging
C)film-screen and digital imaging
Q2) A high-energy beam results in A)increased attenuation
B)decreased attenuation
C)no change in attenuation
Q3) An example of an anatomic structure typically imaged with fluoroscopy is the A)spine
B)knee
C)stomach and esophagus
D)head
Q4) Decreased attenuation results in
A)more x-ray photons reaching the image receptor
B)fewer x-ray photons reaching the image receptor
C)no change in the number of photons reaching the image receptor
D)none of the above
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Chapter 9: Image Quality and Characteristics
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Scatter radiation
A)is the result of photoelectric interactions
B)decreases the visibility of anatomic structures
C)results in higher radiographic contrast
D)A and B
Q2) It is impossible to produce a radiographic image without unsharpness.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The films used to image the chest,extremities,breast,and so on are identical to each other.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Failure to remove jewelry from the area being imaged results in
A)a film-screen image artifact
B)a digital image artifact
C)a film-screen image and digital image artifact
Q5) The response of the film to the remnant radiation is part of subject contrast. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Radiographic Exposure Technique
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) To produce the same change in film density,it is necessary to have a smaller change in kVp when operating at the 100-kVp level.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which type of body habitus is the thinnest,requiring a reduction in exposure factors?
A)Asthenic.
B)Hypersthenic.
C)Sthenic.
D)Hyposthenic.
Q3) If a film image is too light to visualize the anatomy being imaged
A)the optical densities are in the toe region of the sensitometric curve
B)the optical densities are in the straight-line region of the sensitometric curve
C)the optical densities are in the shoulder region of the sensitometric curve
D)none of the above
Q4) A magnification factor of 1 cannot be achieved with radiographic imaging.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Scatter Control
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If all the convergent points were connected along the length of the grid they would form the
A)convergent line
B)focal distance
C)convergent point
D)focal range
Q2) The grid used for the air gap technique should be high frequency.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Moiré effect is also known as the _________ pattern.
A)cheetah
B)giraffe
C)lion
D)zebra
Q4) When the SID is above or below the focal range you have _________ cutoff.
A)upside-down focused
B)off-level
C)off-center
D)off-focus
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Chapter 12: Image Receptors
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176 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ideal expression of digital detector image resolution is the A)Nyquist frequency
B)modulation transfer function (MTF)
C)limiting spatial resolution (LSR)
D)detective quantum efficiency (DQE)
Q2) Orthochromatic film is sensitive to
A)blue light
B)green light
C)red light
D)any light
Q3) Bit depth refers to the number of gray levels that can be assigned to a pixel.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Postprocessing functions
A)allow changes to be made in the appearance of the digital image
B)are done through computer software operations
C)include window width and window level adjustments
D)All of the above
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Chapter 13: Exposure Technique Selection
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63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) With digital imaging using AEC,if an AP thoracic spine is imaged with the density setting changed from 0 to +2,the brightness in the area of interest is __________________ and the exposure time is ________________________.(Assume all other factors are appropriate. )
A)darker;longer
B)darker;shorter
C)unchanged;unchanged
D)unchanged;longer
Q2) There is typically a configuration of at least _________ AEC detectors in place
A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
Q3) Using a lower mA station during an AEC examination results in
A)reduced patient exposure
B)increased exposure time
C)decreased exposure time
D)A and B
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Chapter 14: Image Intensified Fluoroscopy
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95 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For detectors to produce high-quality fluoroscopic images,they must be able to
A)respond very quickly
B)respond many times in a row
C)have application-specific integrated circuits for noise reduction
D)all of the above
Q2) The ABC can be slow in responding,seen as a brief delay in the brightness adjustment.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Magnification of the fluoroscopic image results in improved
A)brightness
B)spatial resolution
C)contrast
D)exposure
Q4) The analog-to-digital converter
A)takes the video (analog)signal and divides it into binary language that the computer "understands."
B)determines the contrast resolution of the system
C)is necessary for the computer to process and display the image
D)all of the above
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Chapter 15: Additional Equipment
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53 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a system with an adjustable fulcrum.
A)the patient does not move
B)the tube does not move during the exposure
C)the fulcrum layer is moved up or down to the level of interest
D)A and C
Q2) This dedicated unit is used to determine if a patient's bone mineral density or mass is normal or low (osteoporosis).
A)Chest
B)Panorex
C)Mammography
D)Bone densitometry
Q3) Unless otherwise required,during C-arm fluoroscopic procedures the image intensifier should be located
A)beneath the patient
B)to the side of the patient
C)above the patient
Q4) AEC devices are always used for mobile radiographic imaging
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Computed Tomography
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136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The matrix of CT numbers is the A)array processor
B)algorithm
C)filtered back projection
D)image data
Q2) This advancement has the tube rotating inside the gantry while the patient and table move through the gantry in a continuous motion.
A)Spiral CT
B)Multislice CT
C)Slip-ring technology
D)Cone beam
Q3) Electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT)was developed to be fast enough to image the
A)lungs
B)heart
C)diaphragm
D)skull
Q4) Filtered back projection uses the bowtie filter to reconstruct the CT image. A)True
B)False
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