Course Introduction
Radiation Biology Exam Preparation Guide
Radiation Biology explores the fundamental principles and biological effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation on living organisms. The course covers the mechanisms of radiation interaction with cells and tissues, the molecular and cellular responses to radiation exposure, and the determinants of radiosensitivity. Topics include DNA damage and repair, radiation-induced mutations, carcinogenesis, and the principles behind radiation protection. The course also highlights medical and environmental applications, providing insights into diagnostic imaging, cancer radiotherapy, and safety protocols for radiation exposure.
Recommended Textbook
Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition by Mary Alice
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15 Chapters
370 Verified Questions
370 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Radiation Protection
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Radiology departments or individual radiologic technologists can "pledge" to image gently.The pledge includes which of the following?
1)Make the image gently message a priority in staff communications each year.
2)Review the protocol recommendations and,when necessary,implement adjustments to practice processes.
3)Communicate openly with parents.
A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Answer: D
Q2) What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
A)Coulomb per kilogram
B)Milligray
C)Millisievert
D)Sievert
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Radiation: Types, sources, and Doses Received
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following sources of radiation is manmade?
1)Atmospheric fallout from nuclear weapons testing
2)Cosmic radiation from the sun and beyond the solar system
3)Nuclear power plant accidents as a consequence of natural disasters
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Answer: B
Q2) Acute melting of the uranium dioxide fuel of a nuclear reactor core requires how great a temperature?
A)Less than 500° F
B)At least 1000° F
C)2000° F
D)Greater than 5000° F
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Interaction of X-Radiation With Matter
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are by-products of photoelectric absorption?
A)Photoelectron and Compton-scattered electron
B)Low-energy scattered x-ray photon and characteristic photon
C)Low-energy scattered x-ray photon and Compton-scattered electron
D)Photoelectron and characteristic photon
Answer: D
Q2) What is the effective atomic number of compact bone?
A)5.9
B)7.4
C)7.6
D)13.8
Answer: D
Q3) Fluorescent radiation is also known as
A)characteristic radiation.
B)coherent scattering.
C)Compton scattering.
D)unmodified scattering.
Answer: A
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5
Chapter 4: Radiation Quantities and Units
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Sample Questions
Q1) The total kinetic energy released in a unit mass (kilogram)of air and expressed in metric units of joules per kilogram is
A)absorbed dose.
B)air kerma.
C)effective dose.
D)equivalent dose.
Q2) 0.2 Gy equals
A)2 mGy
B)20 mGy
C)200 mGy
D)2000 mGy
Q3) Who was the first American radiation worker to die from radiation-induced cancer in October of 1904?
A)Thomas A.Edison
B)Wilhelm C.Roentgen
C)Clarence Madison Dally
D)Marie Curie
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Chapter 5: Radiation Monitoring
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a disadvantage of the optically stimulated dosimeter?
A)Exposure not determinable on the day of occurrence without an in-house reader
B)Mechanical shock can cause false high reading.
C)No permanent,legal record of exposure
D)Not cost-effective for large numbers of personnel
Q2) The digital ionization dosimeter provides an instant read-out of dose information when connected to a computer via a connector such as a (an)
A)universal serial bus (USB).
B)charge-coupled device.
C)electrometer.
D)ionization chamber.
Q3) Which of the following personnel dosimeters resembles an ordinary fountain pen externally?
A)Personnel digital ionization dosimeter
B)Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter
C)Pocket ionization chamber
D)Thermoluminescent dosimeter
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Chapter 6: Overview of Cell Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cell components that contain the centrioles are the A)centrosomes.
B)Golgi apparatus and mitochondria.
C)lysosomes.
D)ribosomes.
Q2) Fraternal twins may also be referred to as A)dizygotic twins.
B)monozygotic twins.
C)polyzygotic twins.
D)trizygotic twins.
Q3) In the human body mineral salts are necessary for 1)proper cell function.
2)creation of energy.
3)conduction of impulses along nerves.
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
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8
Chapter 7: Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on current data,which of the following would be considered a safe radiation dose for the gonads of both males and females?
A)5 Gyt
B)3 Gyt
C)1 Gyt
D)0 Gyt
Q2) One micron (mm)= __________.
A)10- m
B)10+ m
C)10-³ m
D)10+³m
Q3) Which of the following gonadal radiation doses may cause permanent sterility in a male human?
A)0.01 Gyt
B)1.0 Gyt
C)2.0 Gyt
D)5.0 or 6.0 Gyt
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9
Chapter 8: Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) The correct order of development for the female germ cell from the stem cell phase to the mature cell is
A)ovum,mature follicle,corpus luteum,primordial follicle.
B)corpus luteum,primordial follicle,mature follicle,ovum.
C)primordial follicle,ovum,corpus luteum,mature follicle.
D)primordial follicle,mature follicle,corpus luteum,ovum.
Q2) Some local tissues suffer immediate consequences from high radiation doses.Examples of such tissues include 1)bone marrow.
2)male and female reproductive organs.
3)skin.
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Q3) Moist and dry desquamation can be caused by
A)high radiation doses.
B)low radiation doses.
C)radiation doses received during routine diagnostic imaging procedures.
Page 10
D)radiation dose received during annual testing of diagnostic imaging equipment.
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Chapter 9: Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in Organ Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Epidemiologic studies are of significant value to radiobiologists who use the information from these studies to formulate dose-response curves for making predictions of the risk of ____________ in human populations exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation.
A)cancer
B)cataract formation
C)genetic effects
D)spontaneous abortions
Q2) The human body can incorporate radium into bone because it is chemically similar to A)calcium.
B)potassium.
C)phosphorus.
D)sodium.
Q3) Genetic mutations at the molecular level are called
A)chromatid mutations.
B)chromosome mutations.
C)molecular mutations.
D)point mutations.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Working in conjunction with their partners in other agencies,the FDA intends to take action to
1)promote safe use of medical imaging devices.
2)support informed clinical decision.
3)increase patient awareness.
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Q2) Which of the following are responsibilities of a health care facility's radiation safety committee (RSC)?
1)Delegate operational funds in the budget for the radiation safety program
2)Provide guidance for the radiation safety program
3)Facilitate the ongoing operation of the radiation safety program
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
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Chapter 11: Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
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Sample Questions
Q1) When performing a mobile radiographic procedure,to reduce the radiation exposure to the patient,the radiographer must use a minimal source-skin distance of A)15 cm.
B)30 cm.
C)38 cm.
D)45 cm.
Q2) If the luminance of the collimator light source is adequate,the localizing light beam will satisfactorily outline the margins of the radiographic beam on the area of clinical interest on
A)infants only.
B)children only.
C)teenagers and adults only.
D)all patients.
Q3) Total filtration of _______________________ for fixed x-ray units operating above 70 kVp is the regulatory standard.
A)1.0-mm aluminum equivalent
B)1.5-mm aluminum equivalent
C)2.0-mm aluminum equivalent
D)2.5-mm aluminum equivalent
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Motion controlled by will is classified as voluntary motion.Lack of such control may be attributed to which of the following?
1)The patient's age
2)Breathing patterns or problems
3)Physical discomfort
4)Fear of the examination
5)Mental instability
A)1,2,3,and 4 only
B)2,3,4,and 5 only
C)1,3,4,and 5 only
D)1,2,3,4,and 5
Q2) Which of the following are reasons for unacceptable images?
1)Patient mispositioning
2)Incorrect centering of the radiographic beam
3)Patient motion during the radiographic exposure
4)Incorrect collimation of the radiographic beam
A)1,2,and 3 only
B)2,3,and 4 only
C)1,3,and 4 only
D)1,2,3,and 4
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Special Considerations on Safety in Computed
Tomography and Mammography
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Sample Questions
Q1) In computed tomography the dose at the edge of a beam does not decrease to _________ immediately.
A)15 cGy
B)10 cGy
C)5 cGy
D)0 (zero)
Q2) During mammography,axillary projections should be done only on request of the A)ordering physician.
B)patient.
C)radiologist.
D)technologist performing the examination.
Q3) Which of the following groups advocate annual mammography screening or mammography screening at least every other year?
1)American College of Radiology
2)American Cancer Society
3)American Medical Association
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation
Dose During X-Ray Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) For C-arm devices with similar fields of view,the dose rate to personnel located within a meter of the patient is
A)comparable to that of routine fluoroscopy.
B)far greater than the dose rate of routine fluoroscopy.
C)significantly less than the dose rate of routine fluoroscopy.
D)comparable to that of high-level control fluoroscopy.
Q2) During which of the following x-ray examinations should a radiographer always wear a thyroid shield?
A)Fluoroscopy and x-ray special procedures
B)Routine mobile radiographic procedures
C)General diagnostic radiographic procedures performed in an x-ray room
D)During all digital radiography procedures and computed radiography procedures performed in an x-ray room
Q3) _______________ is essentially the radiation output weighted time that the unit is actually delivering radiation during the week.
A)Control designation
B)Occupancy
C)Use factor
D)Workload
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
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Sample Questions
Q1) While a patient receiving Iodine-131 (¹³¹I)therapy is hospitalized,a large,_________,rolling lead shield can be positioned between the patient and any attending personnel for protection.
A)up to 25-mm or 1-inch-thick
B)up to 50-mm or 2-inch-thick
C)up to 75-mm or 3-inch-thick
D)up to 150-mm or 6-inch-thick
Q2) Radioactive material that is attached to or associated with dust particles or in liquid form on various surfaces defines the term
A)radioactive contamination.
B)radioactive dispersal device.
C)radioactive fallout.
D)radioactive syndrome.
Q3) What is the half-life of Technetium-99m?
A)6 hours
B)3 hours
C)6 minutes
D)3 minutes
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