Race and Ethnicity in Sport Review
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Course Introduction
This course examines the complex intersections of race, ethnicity, and sport in contemporary society. Through historical and sociological perspectives, students will explore how sporting arenas both reflect and shape broader discourses around racial and ethnic identity, power, and inequality. Topics include the representation and participation of diverse groups in various sporting contexts, the impact of segregation and integration, media portrayals of athletes, and the use of sport as a site of resistance and activism. By critically analyzing case studies and current issues, students will gain a deeper understanding of the role sport plays in both perpetuating and challenging social constructs related to race and ethnicity.
Recommended Textbook
Sports in Society Issues and Controversies 11th Edition by Jay Coakley
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15 Chapters
798 Verified Questions
798 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Sociology of Sport: What Is It and Why Study
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Q1) Physical activity participation rates are most likely to be high in a society when the definition of sport focuses on
A)challenging activities that produce an adrenaline rush for participants.
B)organized, competitive activities played at scheduled times and places.
C)those activities that will enable athletes to win Olympic medals.
D)a wide range of physical activities that are pleasurable for participants.
Answer: D
Q2) When the sociology of sport is used to study sport participation among women, the primary focus would likely be on
A)the physical skills of women compared to men.
B)the need for women to take sports more seriously.
C)women's access to the time and resources needed to play sports.
D)the ability of women to grasp the complex rules that exist in many sports.
Answer: C
Q3) Ideologies are different than the ideas and beliefs of individuals because they
A)are likely to change more rapidly than individuals ideas and beliefs.
B)influence the overall social organization of society.
C)are never taken for granted by people.
D)emphasize equality among all people.
Answer: B
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Producing Knowledge About Sports in Society:
How Is Knowledge Produced in the Sociology of Sport
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Q1) The process of producing knowledge in the sociology of sport, as well as other scientific disciplines, is a five-stage process that begins with observation and ends with A)the analysis of data.
B)a review of past research on the same topic.
C)the publication of research results.
D)conclusions based on data.
Answer: C
Q2) Knowledge and theories in the sociology of sport enable us to
A)discover ultimate truths about the role of spots in society.
B)view sports from multiple perspectives.
C)predict how athletes and teams will perform under pressure.
D)eliminate the causes of serious injuries in sports.
Answer: B
Q3) Sociological theories are different from our personal theories in that they
A)don't allow us to make predictions.
B)are based on the insights of people who have special analytical abilities.
C)combine the observations of men and women and old and young.
D)are developed by using systematic research and logic.
Answer: D
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Sports and Socialization: Who Plays and What Happens to Them
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Q1) Pleasure and participation sports tend to emphasize
A)the importance of achievement and progress.
B)connections with other people and the environment.
C)the notion of competing against others rather than with others.
D)the idea that pleasure depends on competitive success.
Answer: B
Q2) Most people in the sociology of sport today do not see sports as causes of specific socialization outcomes.Instead, they view sports as
A)health and wellness activities.
B)commercial activities unrelated to social development.
C)negative activities that distort the way that people see the world.
D)sites for experiences that influence different people in different ways.
Answer: D
Q3) Data on health, physical activity, and sports indicates that
A)some competitive sports have high health costs because injury rates are high.
B)playing rigorous competitive sports extends life expectancy beyond average.
C)good medical care has made most heavy-contact sports safer than aerobics.
D)playing competitive sports involves pressures to avoid playing while injured.
Answer: A
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Sports for Children: Are Organized Programs
Worth the Effort
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Q1) Research shows that the existence of informal children's games requires
A)that players have interpresonal skills and problem-solving abilities.
B)the existence of well-maintained play areas.
C)the availability of the proper equipment for every player.
D)that adults be available if they are needed to solve problems.
Q2) An emphasis on the performance ethic is most likely in programs sponsored by
A)public, tax-supported recreation organizations.
B)public, non-profit community organizations.
C)private, non-profit sport organizations.
D)private commercial clubs.
Q3) The potential for child abuse is highest in elite, specialized sport training programs when
A)the income of adults depends on the performances of children.
B)coaches use training methods used by college coaches.
C)children are encouraged to train with peers they don't know.
D)child athletes rebel against coaches and take over their own training.
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Chapter 5: Deviance in Sports: Is It Out of Control
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Q1) Social processes in elite power and performance sports often lead groups of athletes to develop hubris at the same time that these social processes
A)create hostility between athletes.
B)lead athletes to reject their coaches.
C)separate athletes from the rest of the community.
D)lead people in the community to dislike and disdain athletes.
Q2) Deviance may involve underconformity or overconformity to norms.The author explains that deviance involving underconformity consists of ideas, traits, or actions that
A)are inherently evil.
B)are subnormal.
C)can, in extreme cases, lead to fascism.
D)violate only those norms that are directly based on religious beliefs.
Q3) According to a constructionist approach, both norms and deviance are A)unchangeable.
B)determined only by judges and courts.
C)based on religious ideals.
D)socially constructed through interaction.
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Chapter 6: Violence in Sports: How Does It Affect Our Lives
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Q1) Spectator violence varies with many factors.Which of the following is NOT one of those factors?
A)The location of the event.
B)Alcohol consumption by the spectators.
C)The importance of the teams as a source of identity for the spectators.
D)The personality profiles of regular spectators at an event.
Q2) When large-scale panics occur at sport venues, they
A)are fueled by emotional contagion.
B)usually focus on attacking police.
C)seldom lead to injuries or deaths among spectators.
D)involve people from poor, rural backgrounds.
Q3) Research indicates that concussions as well as repetitive subconcussive head hits can cause brain injuries that may lead to CTE-chronic traumatic encephalopathy.CTE is a neurodegenerative disease with symptoms similar to A)diabetes.
B)a chronic flu.
C)many autoimmune diseases.
D)early onset dementia.
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Chapter 7: Gender and Sports: Is Equity Possible
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Q1) The diagram of the two-category classification model indicates that
A)men have more latitude in what they can do without being labelled as deviant.
B)normative boundaries for gender are determined by nature and biology.
C)gays and lesbians are considered out of normative bounds.
D)normative boundaries for femininity are seldom questioned or pushed.
Q2) People maintain a silence about gay men in sports primarily because
A)there are so few gay men who play sports.
B)gay men don't want to live publicly as gay.
C)men have much to lose if gender boundaries are blurred.
D)most men who play sports are latent homosexuals.
Q3) The Caster Semenya case demonstrated that
A)widespread ideas about femininity are linked with ideas about race.
B)being identified as a real woman is more biological than social.
C)appearance is irrelevant when it comes to identifying a person's sex.
D)estrogens are naturally present in female bodies but not male bodies.
Q4) When gender activists talk about the "queering of sport," they are referring to A)a process of revising the two-sex system and making sports gender-inclusive.
B)outing gay and lesbian athletes to force public discussions of sexuality.
C)embarrassing homophobic coaches and administrators in public.
D)creating new sports organized around the lived experiences of LGBTIs.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Race and Ethnicity:
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Sample Questions
Q1) Racial ideology influences social context to the point that black female athletes engage in a presentation of self that
A)highlights their confidence and intelligence.
B)portrays an exotic, fashion-model look.
C)deemphasizes their athletic skills and physical stature.
D)tones down their toughness and make them appear nonthreatening.
Q2) Major League Baseball teams have signed many Central and Latin Americans to contracts because these players
A)are more disciplined that players raised in North America.
B)have fewer adjustment problems than most U.S.players.
C)constitute a large pool of relatively cheap and skilled labor.
D)are not afraid to fail and return to the native countries.
Q3) The most difficult diversity issue faced in sports today is
A)selling season tickets to immigrants.
B)integrating positions of power in sport organizations.
C)coaching European athletes who have never dealt with cultural diversity.
D)determining the citizenship of athletes who play sports in many countries.
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Chapter 9: Social Class: Do Money and Power Matter in Sports
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Sample Questions
Q1) As entry barriers declined, retention barriers took their place.Retention barriers benefited
A)black players with good potential.
B)only the best white players.
C)black players with seniority in the league.
D)white players with marginal skills.
Q2) When gender relations and class relations come together in people's lives which category of women is likely to have the highest sport participation rate?
A)Women from low-income households.
B)Women from upper-income households.
C)Women who work outside the home.
D)Women with active children over 8 years old.
Q3) NCAA data on the probability of playing sports beyond high school show that A)women have a greater chance of playing pro sports than men do.
B)the chances of playing pro sports are highest for male basketball players.
C)less than one-half of one percent of high school athletes play pro sports.
D)the goal of playing pro sports is realistic for those who want it bad enough.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Age and Ability: Barriers to Participation and Inclusion
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Sample Questions
Q1) To be eligible to participate in the Paralympics, each athlete must be classified according to his or her physical impairment.This classification must be done by
A)the athlete's general practitioner who has examined and treated the athlete regularly.
B)the athlete's parents and a general practitioner.
C)trained experts who do full examinations and evaluations of the athlete.
D)at least two other athletes who can describe and substantiate the impairment.
Q2) The medical model of disability has remained popular for many years in the United States because
A)people with a disability are true victims of society.
B)medical technology can heal nearly all impairments.
C)people with a disability consider themselves to be inferior.
D)many people continue to accept ableist ideology.
Q3) An impairment becomes a disability only when
A)people with impairments allow a physical weakness to define them.
B)there is no technology that can correct the impairment.
C)people with impairments cannot present themselves to others as normal.
D)accommodations are not made to allow for full participation in a situation.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Sports and the Economy: What Are the Characteristics
of Commercial Sports
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Q1) Many sport team owners have made requests for new stadiums because they want to
A)serve more local citizens from working class backgrounds.
B)have the highest-paid players in their respective leagues.
C)hold down ticket prices for the average sport spectator.
D)gain access to new revenue streams related to the stadium.
Q2) The people who oppose public subsidies for professional sport teams seldom prevent the subsidies because they
A)are ineffective community organizers.
B)do not understand how urban power structures operate in the 21<sup>st</sup> century.
C)idolize celebrity athletes and team owners.
D)lack resources to challenge arguments of the proponents of subsidies.
Q3) The author suggests that instead of subsidizing professional sport team owners, local and state governments could use the same money to
A)pay professional athletes salaries based on players' entertainment value.
B)build multiple local recreational facilities that could be used by local residents.
C)subsidize developers who want to build large projects.
D)organize fans into spectator unions that could bargain with team owners.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Sports and the Media: Could They Survive
Without Each Other
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Q1) Patterns associated with gender in the media coverage of sports have been slow to change because
A)media organizations are gendered institutions.
B)men in sports journalism refuse to cover women's events.
C)women in sports journalism refuse to cover women's events.
D)women athletes shy away from media coverage.
Q2) The marriage of sports and the media is held together by vast amounts of corporate money and the desire of corporate executives to A)shape political policy.
B)create a global family of eager consumers.
C)develop relationships with celebrity athletes.
D)become leaders of sport organizations.
Q3) At this point in time, people generally use online access to A)extend and complement what other media already provide.
B)shift their attention to sports they've never played.
C)calculate the statistics they need to play fantasy sports.
D)interact directly with mainstream media announcers.
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Chapter 13: Sports and Politics: How Do Governments and Global Political Processes Influence
Sports
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Q1) Data on connections between sports and international relations suggests that sports
A)shape important negotiations related to vital national interests in global politics.
B)are most often used as forms of public diplomacy.
C)only influence political relationships when nations have little power.
D)are unrelated to all aspects of international relations.
Q2) In the box, Olympism and the Olympic Games, it is noted that the major advantage for using multiple sites for each Olympic Games would be to
A)increase the value of stocks for major world-wide airlines.
B)discourage wealthy nations from submitting bids to host the Games.
C)enable corporate sponsors to influence more people around the world.
D)make it possible for poorer nations to host Olympic events.
Q3) In the box, Olympism and the Olympic Games, the author endorses the elimination of national medal counts because such counts tend to
A)encourage large nations to boycott the Olympics.
B)provide corporations with marketing advantages.
C)intensify nationalism and political differences between countries.
D)focus too much on the achievements of individual athletes.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Sports in High School and College: Do
Competitive Sports Contribute to Education
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Q1) Research that tracks students over time shows that in comparison with other students, the students who try out, are selected for, and stay on school teams
A)come from lower socio-economic backgrounds.
B)have better employment records.
C)are more disliked by teachers outside of physical education.
D)have above average self-esteem.
Q2) Program inequality has long been a part of intercollegiate sports.One manifestation of this is that
A)students don't pay student fees at schools with wining sport teams.
B)universities with the most sport revenues subsidize schools with few revenues.
C)schools with unequal athletic budgets do not play each other.
D)92% of all NCAA Div I championships have been won by 20% of Div I schools.
Q3) A problem faced by African American athletes on college campuses is a feeling of isolation.Which of the following does NOT contribute to feelings of isolation?
A)White students who lack experience in racially diverse groups.
B)Too many campus activities focused on the interests of Latinos and Asians.
C)Racial and athletic stereotypes used by some people on campus.
D)Campus activities that don't represent the experiences of black students.
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Chapter 15: Sports and Religions: Is
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Q1) Some athletes have used religion to deal with the uncertainty they face during sport participation.When this is done, it becomes difficult to distinguish religion from A)a form of self-glorification.
B)magic and superstition.
C)using performance-enhancing drugs.
D)pop psychology.
Q2) Religions share certain characteristics with ideologies, but they differ in that ideologies focus mostly on
A)the material world.
B)the metaphysical world.
C)the imagined world.
D)the spiritual world.
Q3) Sumo, or traditional Japanese wrestling, has strong historical ties to A)modified versions of Christian beliefs taught by missionaries.
B)Buddhist beliefs about health and the body.
C)Shinto religious rituals and ceremonies.
D)Islamic ideas about gender and power.
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Page 17