Race and Ethnicity in Canada
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Course Introduction
This course explores the complex dynamics of race and ethnicity in the Canadian context, examining historical foundations, social structures, and contemporary issues. Students will analyze how concepts of race and ethnicity are constructed, experienced, and represented in Canada, with a focus on patterns of immigration, multiculturalism, and Indigenous-settler relations. The course also investigates systemic inequalities, identity politics, and anti-racist movements, encouraging critical reflection on how Canadian policies and social practices shape the experiences of various racial and ethnic groups within the nation.
Recommended Textbook
Sociology in Our Times 6th Canadian Edition by Jane Murray
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3080 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) Charlie attributes his poor grades at school to skipping church on Sundays.What type of knowledge system is Charlie using?
A)metaphysical
B)theological
C)philosophical
D)scientific
Answer: B
Q2) Racism against minority groups and the wage gap between men and women are examples of which of the following,according to a functionalist?
A)dysfunction
B)latent function
C)prerequisite function
D)manifest function
Answer: A
Q3) Dorothy Smith argues that sociological methods reflect male values.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Sociological Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is NOT a feature of the Grameen Bank project in Bangladesh?
A)The project is funded by international donors.
B)Borrowers must own private property.
C)Peer support is a requirement for receiving loans.
D)Most of the borrowers are women.
Answer: B
Q2) What does "maintaining confidentiality" mean?
A)The researcher is able to identify a given person's responses but promises not to do so.
B)The research cannot identify a given response with a given respondent.
C)The researcher refrains from collecting personal information about participants.
D)The researcher obtains written consent before collecting personal information.
Answer: A
Q3) Most participant observation research takes the form of a case study.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Culture
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143 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Praise,honours,or medals for conformity to specific norms are all examples of positive sanctions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Suppose a woman is named "Citizen of the Year" in her home community.What does this demonstrate?
A)a folkway
B)a positive sanction
C)a negative sanction
D)a law
Answer: B
Q3) Meghan is using a conflict perspective to analyze language diversity.Which of the following statements best exemplifies her views?
A)Language is a source of power.
B)Language contains value contradictions.
C)Language is a form of non-material culture.
D)Language helps establish standards of conduct.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) What part of Freud's theory is most closely related to Mead's notion of the "me"?
A)the id
B)the ego
C)the superego
D)both the id and the ego
Q2) Why might scholars be hesitant to point out differences in socialization practices among diverse ethnic and social class groupings?
A)because little or no research has been done on this area
B)because sociologists are not really interested in the effect of social class and ethnicity
C)because such differences have typically been interpreted to be a sign of inadequate socialization practices
D)because they fear that North American methods of socialization will be found to be insufficient
Q3) Define socialization and explain why this process is essential for the individual and society.
Q4) Discuss the nature versus nurture debate.Discuss how a sociological perspective would address the issue.
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Chapter 5: Society, social Structure, and Interaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) What has research on gender differences in nonverbal communication revealed about how women show their interest and involvement with others?
A)Women typically maintain eye contact during conversation.
B)Women typically avoid eye contact during conversation.
C)Women typically stare at others in order to show their interest.
D)Women typically assert their own,dominant status through prolonged eye contact when not speaking.
Q2) Define impression management and provide an example of how people manage impressions in the classroom.
Q3) Which of the following relates to a group's ability to maintain itself in the face of obstacles?
A)social networking
B)social solidarity
C)cultural bonding
D)cultural diffusion
Q4) Compare and contrast a functionalist and a conflict perspective on the role of social institutions in society.
Q5) Discuss how social networks work for homeless people.
Q6) List and describe the main components of social structure.
7
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Chapter 6: Groups and Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who examined what he called the McDonaldization of society?
A)George Ritzer
B)Robert Michels
C)Max Weber
D)Robert Merton
Q2) When a group has four group members,how many social interactions are possible?
A)2
B)4
C)6
D)12
Q3) What process involves maintaining or changing behaviour to comply with the norms established by a society,subculture,or other group?
A)leadership
B)conformity
C)compliance
D)obedience
Q4) Solomon Asch found that pressure to conform is stronger in dyads than in groups of six.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Crime and Deviance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements supports the assertion that deviance is relative?
A)Behavioural deviance is based on intentional or inadvertent actions.
B)People may be regarded as deviant if they express a radical or unusual belief system.
C)People may be regarded as deviant because of specific characteristics or conditions that they have had since birth or have acquired.
D)What one community defines as deviant differs from the next,and over time what one group views as deviance can change.
Q2) In what way is strain theory useful for explaining upper-class deviance? Provide an example.
Q3) Lower-class people are overrepresented in arrest and prison admission statistics.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the difference between primary and secondary deviance.Provide an example.
Q5) Explain how the computer can act as a modern panopticon.Provide an example.
Q6) Using an example,discuss the relationship between crime and gender.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Social Class and Stratification in Canada
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children born into poor families are at a much greater risk of dying during their first year of life.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Who developed a multidimensional approach to social stratification that reflects the interplay among wealth,prestige,and power?
A)Max Weber
B)Karl Marx
C)Dennis Gilbert and Joseph A.Kahl
D)John Porter
Q3) Erin has a learning disability and has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder.Which of the following is her most likely experience in the workplace?
A)She has been excluded from work because of her disability.
B)She is unlikely to confront environmental barriers in the workplace,given the advent of anti-discrimination policies.
C)She has fewer opportunities today than she would have had in the past.
D)She is doubly disadvantaged and will experience discrimination as a woman and as a person with a disability.
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Chapter 9: Global Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to modernization theory,traditional values are one of the largest barriers to development in low-income nations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Where does Canada rank on the Human Development Index?
A)1
B)3
C)6
D)12
Q3) What four stages are involved in the modernization process?
A)primitive,take-off,technological maturity,high mass consumption
B)traditional,take-off,technological maturity,globalization
C)primitive,take-off,technological maturity,popular consumption
D)traditional,take-off,technological maturity,high mass consumption
Q4) According to dependency theory,rich countries have an interest in maintaining the dependent status of poor countries.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare and contrast absolute,relative and subjective poverty.
Q6) Describe the relationship between life expectancy and global poverty.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Ethnic Relations and Race
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Sample Questions
Q1) Can minorities be racist?
A)It depends on how one defines racism.
B)Yes,minorities can be racist.
C)No,it is impossible for minorities to be racist.
D)Minorities can be racist,but only against their own ethic group.
Q2) To some analysts,assimilation is functional because it contributes to the stability of society by minimizing group differences that otherwise might result in hostility and violence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) White workers may use racial discrimination against non-whites to protect their position,particularly when upper-tier workers feel threatened by lower-tier workers.This sort of explanation of prejudice is based on what theory?
A)split-labour-market theory
B)social learning theory
C)authoritarian personality theory
D)scapegoat theory
Q4) Define and distinguish between the terms minority and majority.Explain why the actual meanings of these concepts may not be clear.
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Chapter 11: Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) A community leader joins a protest outside a hospital for better maternal and prenatal care.What form of feminism does this represent?
A)patriarchal
B)socialist
C)radical
D)liberal
Q2) What percentage of the corporate officers in the Financial Post 500 list are women?
A)less than 2 percent
B)between 5 and 8 percent
C)about 12 percent
D)approximately 17 percent
Q3) The functionalist perspective on gender roles sees that men and women have distinct roles that are important for the survival of the family and society.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Define gender bias and provide an example of how this operates in school.
Q5) Discuss how women's position in the Canadian workforce reflects their overall subordination in society.
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Chapter 12: Sex, sexualities, and Intimate Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) What percentage of men have engaged in sexual relationships outside of their committed relationships at least once in their lives?
A)one fifth
B)one quarter
C)one third
D)one half
Q2) What is the term for the genitalia used in the reproductive process that distinguish male and female infants at birth?
A)primary sex characteristics
B)secondary sex characteristics
C)principal sex characteristics
D)masculinity or femininity
Q3) Men and women are expected to conform to similar standards of sexual conduct.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Approximately 30 percent of Canadian women experience intimate partner violence.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss two key changes that emerged after the sexual revolution of the 1960s.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) Refer to Scenario 1.Which type of family structure are the Roberts an example of?
A)stepfamilies or blended families
B)remarried families
C)divorced families
D)new families
Q2) Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the acceptance of the roles of batterer and battered?
A)low self-esteem on the part of both people involved
B)a limited range of behaviours
C)a belief by both parties in stereotypical gender roles
D)the presence of children during the abusive encounter
Q3) Women,more often than men,are the first to choose a child-free lifestyle.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In Canada,the only legally sanctioned form of marriage is monogamy.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss some of the key changes in family structure since the 1980s.
Q6) List three characteristics of the patriarchal family structure.
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Chapter 14: Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) At the macrolevel,the social institution of education is important for maintaining and perpetuating the culture of a society across generations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to a conflict theorist,which statement best characterizes education?
A)Education is a voice for the masses.
B)Education is a paradigm for social change.
C)Education is a platform for challenging social inequality.
D)Education is a vehicle for reproducing existing inequalities.
Q3) According to the Toronto District School Board,what percentage of black students failed to complete high school in 2009?
A)less than 10 percent
B)between 15 and 20 percent
C)about 25 percent
D)over 30 percent
Q4) Explain how conflict theorists argue that the education system is used to perpetuate class,racial-ethnic,and gender inequalities.Demonstrate with examples.
Q5) In what sense is education a vehicle for reproducing class relationships?
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Chapter 15: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Émile Durkheim,what is the central feature of all religions?
A)the presence of sacred beliefs and rituals
B)the presence of gods or spiritual beings
C)totems and sacrifices
D)rigid criteria for membership
Q2) An Aboriginal rain dance is an example of which of the following?
A)a sacred ceremony
B)a rite
C)a ritual
D)a celebration
Q3) The secularization debate is one of the most important debates within the sociology of religion.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which term would Émile Durkheim use to refer to your new shoes,your paycheque,and your belief in evolution?
A)the profane
B)the anti-spiritual
C)the sacred
D)the mundane
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Health, health Care, and Disability
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Sample Questions
Q1) Terry independently travels around his university campus using the access ramps and elevator and has no difficulty getting to class on time.However,he cannot help but notice other students whispering comments or staring at the place in his wheelchair where his other leg would be.What challenge must Terry confront here?
A)physical institutional barriers
B)economic hardship
C)negative social attitudes
D)inadequate social funding
Q2) Using examples,discuss the feminist perspective on the medicalization of women's lives.
Q3) The meaning of health varies over time and between cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which term refers to a sudden significant increase in the numbers of people contracting a disease?
A)an epidemic
B)an illness
C)a tragedy
D)a contagion
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Chapter 17: Mass Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss how social media is used to initiate social revolutions.
Q2) Which of the following statements does NOT describe McLuhan's (1992)views on the global village?
A)People would form a global village by sharing information through interactive media.
B)The global village is decentralized.
C)The global village would undermine democracy.
D)The global village is multidirectional.
Q3) According to Charles Wright (1959),which of the following is NOT a function of the media?
A)interpretation
B)socialization
C)status conferral
D)entertainment
Q4) Describe the four functions of the mass media,according to Charles Wright (1959).
Q5) Discuss how the media can be used to build a negative national consciousness.
Q6) Define status conferral and provide an example.
Q7) Discuss the issue of deception in the mass media using the concept of the culture industry.
19
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Chapter 18: Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose that Mary,an 85-year-old woman,is refused service at a nail salon.If you overheard the receptionist say,"We can't treat hands like that," what might you conclude is happening?
A)sexism
B)ageism
C)sex stratification
D)age-based frustration
Q2) Compare and contrast a conflict symbolic perspective and a feminist perspective on aging.
Q3) Young Canadians have which of the following concerns?
A)There will be no jobs in 50 years.
B)Our welfare system will go bankrupt.
C)The inheritance laws will change.
D)There will be no room in nursing homes.
Q4) What term is used to refer to those born between 1965 and 1984?
A)the age pyramid
B)the baby boom
C)the peer sample
D)a cohort
Q5) Using examples,describe the life course from middle adulthood to retirement.
Page 20
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Chapter 19: The Economy and Work
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why was the United Automobile Workers strike against General Motors in 1937 in Oshawa,Ontario,so important?
A)It marked the first time the provincial government refused to become involved in union-related issues.
B)It marked the beginning of industrial unionism in Canada.
C)The workers lost,which resulted in a major setback for the trade union movement.
D)It marked the end of industrial unionism,which up until that point had a stranglehold on most factories in Canada.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a feature of Taylorism?
A)scientific management
B)deskilling
C)routinized procedures
D)assembly lines
Q3) What is the most common form of employment in an industrial economy?
A)wage labour
B)people working for themselves
C)people working for a family member
D)salaried work
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21
Chapter 20: Power, politics, and Government
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Sample Questions
Q1) Monarchies are most common in agrarian societies.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the key difference between absolute monarchies and limited monarchies?
A)Limited monarchies rely on symbolic rulers.
B)Absolute monarchies are above the law.
C)Limited monarchies claim a right to rule based on divine law.
D)Absolute monarchies rely on the noble members of society.
Q3) Nelson Mandela could be described as what kind of leader?
A)charismatic
B)traditional
C)coercive
D)rational-legal
Q4) Refer to Scenario 1.Which of the following best describes the political system at Maclean's University?
A)dictatorship
B)totalitarian regime
C)participatory democracy
D)representative democracy
Q5) Outline the main criticisms of the pluralist and elite models of power.
Page 22
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Chapter 21: Population and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some African nations have moved from high birth and death rates to relatively low birth and death rates as a result of technological development.What term describes this process?
A)zero population growth
B)population lag
C)demographic transition
D)modernization
Q2) What analogy have some demographers used to describe the way in which the baby boom generation has moved up the population pyramid?
A)a mountain
B)a cow out to pasture
C)a pig that has been swallowed by a python
D)a muffin overflowing outside the tin
Q3) Baljit recently moved to Vancouver from India and prefers to live among recent immigrants.Which of the following forms of adaptation best describes Baljit?
A)cosmopolite
B)deprived
C)ethnic villager
D)trapped
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Collective Behavior, social Movements, and Social Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) Refer to Scenario 1.Mothers' rights groups are examples of which of the following?
A)a riot
B)a mass
C)a crowd
D)a social movement
Q2) Members of reform movements usually work within the existing system to attempt to change existing public policy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Conventional crowds provide opportunities for the expression of strong emotions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compared with riots,mob action tends to be somewhat longer in duration.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Emergent norm theory points out that crowds are largely irrational. A)True
B)False
Q6) Define mass behaviour and describe two of its main types.
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