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Race and Ethnicity in America explores the social, historical, and cultural dimensions of race and ethnicity within the United States. The course examines how concepts of race and ethnicity have evolved over time, shaped by immigration, policy, media, and social movements. Students analyze the lived experiences of diverse racial and ethnic groups, consider the role of systemic inequalities, and engage with theories of identity, intersectionality, and assimilation. Through case studies, readings, and discussions, students gain deeper insight into the complexities of American identity and the ongoing challenges and contributions related to race and ethnicity in contemporary society.
Recommended Textbook African American Odyssey The Combined Volume 5th Edition by Darlene Clark Hine
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Q1) In a matrilineal society
A) women dominate the politics, culture and social life of the group completely.
B) the culture will be far more peaceful and in harmony with nature.
C) women control the property and legal system of the group.
D) political power passes through women - a chief would be succeeded by his sister's son, rather than his own.
Answer: D
Q2) The Portuguese referred to the area around the Congo River as ____________.
Answer: Angola
Q3) What distinguished the Kingdom of Kongo from many other African kingdoms?
A) Mani Kongo Nzinga Knuwu began a tradition of welcoming early Portuguese missions.
B) The Kongo had no access to water travel.
C) The Kongo launched a holy war against Christian missionaries.
D) The Kongo maintained gender equality.
Answer: A
Q4) Most of the northern third of the African continent is made up of the ___________ Desert.
Answer: Sahara
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Q1) What do we learn from the story of John Newton, a British slave ship captain?
A) Some devoutly Christian people never saw a contradiction between their jobs trading in human cargo and their religious beliefs.
B) Christians could be cruel, harsh slavers.
C) Ships' captains filled their ships with slaves quickly, usually in one stop at an African trading center.
D) Both that Christians could be cruel, harsh slavers, and that some never saw a contradiction between trading in human cargo and their religious beliefs.
Answer: D
Q2) How did the early Europeans usually obtain their supply of slaves?
A) They raided along the coast of Africa, forcibly capturing large families.
B) Arabs brought slaves up to the coastal cities in Europe, and they were purchased there.
C) Europeans captured large land areas through warfare, and subjugated entire groups of people into slavery.
D) They obtained their slaves through trade with native African tribes.
Answer: D
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Q1) In what types of ways did black women's lives differ from black men's under slavery?
A) Black women were limited to domestic labor only, as whites did not think that women should do field work.
B) Black women were only allowed to work in the fields, although at very different tasks than men.
C) Black women were separated from men at an early age, so that white masters could control the "breeding" process.
D) Black women were under constant threat of sexual exploitation.
Answer: D
Q2) The ________________ was a large religious revival in the British colonies in the mid- to late-eighteenth century.
Answer: Great Awakening
Q3) Who were the largest class of laborers in British North America before 1670?
A) black slaves
B) white slaves
C) Russian immigrants
D) indentured servants
Answer: D
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Q1) Why did blacks choose to support the British over the American colonists during the Revolution?
A) Blacks actually supported the American colonists in all cases.
B) Blacks were paid by the British to participate in some of the numerous violent slave uprisings across the south during the Revolution.
C) Blacks resented that the Americans would not let them enlist and were upholding slavery.
D) Many slaves were very frightened by the British army, and were unable to refuse service.
Q2) Who was Crispus Attucks?
A) one of the people who died after accosting British soldiers at the Boston Massacre
B) a famous slave who fought against the British in the battles of Lexington and Concord
C) a black man who was famous for his poetry during the American Revolution
D) a British loyalist, who fought alongside Benedict Arnold in several battles
Q3) Black Loyalists were most common and numerous in the colonies of ______________ and ______________ during the Revolution.
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Q1) What statement is true about black service during the War of 1812?
A) They only served on the American side, with many incidents of bravery.
B) They refused to serve, thinking that they would not benefit a nation that kept some of their race in bondage.
C) They were considered an "internal foe" by some white Americans.
D) All of these are correct.
Q2) Why did many anti-slavery societies focus on gradual emancipation rather than immediate emancipation?
A) Northern states had successfully passed plans for gradual emancipation.
B) Many thought that under immediate emancipation, whites would lose their place at the top of the racial hierarchy.
C) Some anti-slavery groups thought that immediate emancipation would ignore older slaves.
D) Anti-slavery societies actually focuses on immediate emancipation from the very beginning.
Q3) What was the name of the first governing document of the United States of America?
Q4) Which slave led a rebellion in Virginia in 1800?
Q5) What was the name of the first anti-slavery society in the world?
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Q1) Which crop replaced tobacco as the main cash crop of Virginia and Maryland?
A) cotton
B) sugarcane
C) potatoes
D) wheat
Q2) "Jumping the broom" was
A) a European wedding custom, practiced by slaves at times.
B) an ancient African custom which informally joined a couple.
C) a method of punishing slaves.
D) a method of determining who one's mate would be.
Q3) Which new states led the production of cotton, in what was called the "Black Belt"?
A) Virginia and North Carolina
B) Georgia and Tennessee
C) Tennessee and Kentucky
D) Alabama and Mississippi
Q4) Most victims of the slave trade moved by foot, usually chained or roped together, in groups called _______________.
Q5) Who was the most famous of the animal tricksters found in African-American folktales?
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Q1) What were "black laws"?
A) laws that set up certain rights for blacks, including some rights previously held by whites only
B) laws that made it more difficult for blacks to come into an area
C) laws that forbid blacks from entering certain professions like law and medicine
D) laws that segregated blacks into inferior accommodations on transportation
Q2) What was the most famous bi-racial university during the antebellum period?
Q3) What black institution continued to be the center of black communities?
Q4) How were black and white voluntary associations similar during the antebellum period?
A) Black and white associations were very different in tactics and ideas.
B) They both drew on a reform spirit of the time, focusing on many of the same issues and concerns.
C) Blacks focused solely on abolishing slavery.
D) Black women were rarely able to join voluntary associations, but white women could join if they wanted.
Q5) Who was the first African American to argue a case before the United States Supreme Court?
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Q1) What were the goals of the American Colonization Society?
A) to have all of the territories of the United States be free
B) the immediate emancipation of all slaves
C) to gradually free slaves, through purchasing them and sending them to Africa
D) to colonize a blacks-only state in the western United States
Q2) What attitude characterized American politics during the Jacksonian Era?
A) openness to new ideas and thoughts
B) paranoia, fear of conspiracies
C) a desire to establish equal rights for blacks
D) a desire to increase the scope of the United States
Q3) How did Walker's pamphlet influence the antislavery movement?
A) It was immediately accepted by southerners, since it advocated the use of violence against slaves.
B) His aggressive style and tone in the pamphlet made others adopt a similar tone.
C) He hurt black pride and nationalism, which were growing at the time
D) He forced the president to rethink his views on the slave trade.
Q4) Who was the most prominent black advocate of black migration to Africa during the early 1800s?
Q5) Other than Africa, where did some African Americans choose to migrate?
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Q1) Why did some black abolitionists become increasingly militant during the 1840s?
A) They were inspired by various slave rebellions and mutinies on ships.
B) They were unable to organize in any way because of racism.
C) They were extremely angry about whites continuing to subordinate women.
D) Historians do not yet understand this phenomenon.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about the operation of the underground railroad?
A) Escapees never returned to assist the railroad and help others escape - it was too dangerous.
B) Operation of the railroad was a life-threatening endeavor for whites only, as blacks would only be returned to slavery, not harmed.
C) Blacks were the only ones active on the railroad.
D) Prior to the growth of the railroad, the escape was known as the "line of posts."
Q3) What types of tactics did the AASS generally not condone or use?
A) mass mailings
B) speeches and lectures
C) violence
D) massive petitioning campaign
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Q1) Which of the following was not a component of the Compromise of 1850?
A) admitting Utah as a free state
B) a tougher fugitive slave act
C) the elimination of the slave trade only in Washington, D.C.
D) admitted California as a free state
Q2) What was Lincoln's reaction to the secession of the Confederate States of America?
A) He warned them that he would not permit them to leave.
B) He accepted their leaving, but immediately decided to free the slaves in the remaining states.
C) At first, startled by their suddenness, Lincoln did nothing.
D) All of these are correct.
Q3) Which of the following groups accepted the Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case?
A) abolitionists
B) most whites in the North, especially in Massachusetts
C) white southerners
D) most settlers in the far west, since it had nothing to do with them
Q4) Which was the first state to secede?
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Q1) What did Robert E. Lee think about enlisting blacks in the military?
A) He thought that it was a very poor idea, since no slave would support the Confederacy.
B) He refused to hear any arguments about it.
C) He favored it, since as slaves they were accustomed to obedience and discipline.
D) No southerner ever thought about enlisting blacks in the military.
Q2) What was "the crater" in Petersburg, Virginia?
A) A prison for black soldiers.
B) A hiding place for slaves waiting for Union help.
C) The largest man-made explosion up to that point, and an unsuccessful effort by the Union to win a battle over the Confederates.
D) A huge impression made by a falling meteorite, seen by Confederate troops as an omen against the Union.
Q3) Who commanded the Army of Northern Virginia, the main Confederate Army?
A) Robert E. Lee
B) Ulysses S. Grant
C) Abraham Lincoln
D) Jefferson Davis, before he accepted the presidency of the Confederacy
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Q1) What characteristics did some black and white ministers preach against in their sermons to the newly freed slaves?
A) lack of wealth, and lack of a desire to work hard
B) blacks' refusal to stand up for their political rights
C) the increasing level of violence among many former slaves
D) lack of morals, drinking, and gambling
Q2) Which of the following is true about the Port Royal Experiment?
A) Ex-slaves began to work the land around Port Royal, South Carolina, and some were able to purchase property.
B) It was a Southern experiment to re-institute slavery. The experiment failed when Lincoln discovered it.
C) It was an attempt to force slaves into industrial labor in the North.
D) Blacks there were immediately forced on ships to go to Africa.
Q3) The ________________ became the most important institution to blacks after Reconstruction.
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Q1) Where was the KKK founded?
Q2) What did Republican Rutherford B. Hayes promise in order to win the election of 1876?
A) He promised he would allow redemption to occur in South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana.
B) He promised blacks that they would win their right to vote, although he never followed through.
C) He promised that he would add more slave territory to the United States, at whatever the cost.
D) He stated that he would work specifically to deny blacks rights, and push them back into a semi-slavery status.
Q3) What is true about the end of Reconstruction?
A) Whites learned that intimidation and violence would not reduce the amount of black voting.
B) Republicans regained control of southern legislatures.
C) It left few lasting benefits for blacks.
D) The high level of violence completely ended.
Q4) ______________ College was the first historically black state university, founded in 1872.
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Americans in the South in the Late Nineteenth

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Q1) After Reconstruction, white people expected blacks to observe certain rules of etiquette. Which of the following is not true?
A) Black men were supposed to remove their hats in the presence of a white person.
B) Black and white people could shake hands, but only if the black person did not look the white person in the eye.
C) Black men were never to look at, and certainly never to touch, white women.
D) White people were not expected to use any term of respect when speaking to a black person.
Q2) Which of the following was not a political organization for farmers?
A) the Grange
B) the Patrons of Husbandry
C) the Southern Farmers' Alliance
D) the American Farmers and Workers Party
Q3) Where were black migrants of the late nineteenth century least likely to go?
A) Kansas
B) Africa
C) Oklahoma or Arkansas
D) the North
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Q1) At the Chicago World's Columbian Exposition:
A) African American colleges displayed exhibits with academic work, skilled work by students, and photos of the campuses.
B) African nations were portrayed as more advanced than stereotypically thought.
C) African Americans were only allowed into the fair on certain days when whites weren't there.
D) The fair was welcomed and promoted by all African Americans.
Q2) How were black church services often different from white church services?
A) They were actually very similar, since blacks had been members of white churches before forming their own churches.
B) Black members were verbally involved in the sermon and music to a greater degree.
C) Black churches were often more serious and quiet.
D) Black churches included more participation from children, while whites generally excluded them.
Q3) Who was Hampton Institute's most famous and prized student?
Q4) Who is regarded as the "father of the blues"?
Q5) Who began the push to eliminate black men from major league baseball?
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Q1) What provoked the 1906 race riot in Atlanta, Georgia?
A) Republican candidates did all they could to stir up racial animosity.
B) White people had been excluding blacks from coming into the city.
C) Whites were embracing stereotypical views of blacks as criminals, and especially of black men as rapists of white women.
D) A white sheriff accused a black man of raping a white woman.
Q2) What political party did blacks generally support in the early twentieth century?
A) Republican
B) Populist
C) Democrat
D) Blacks were split between many parties
Q3) What was the result of Washington's scheming to destroy the NAACP?
A) He was successful-the NAACP was destroyed, and only returned with the beginning of the civil rights movement in the 1950s.
B) He severely damaged the NAACP, and it would not gain in members until the 1950s.
C) The NAACP eventually triumphed, in goals and tactics.
D) Washington was revealed as a poor leader, and lost much support among whites.
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Q1) How did other black leaders, like W. E. B. Du Bois and A. Philip Randolph, view Garvey?
A) They were very excited about his ideas, and supported him wholeheartedly.
B) They ignored him and his organization, since it was so small and insignificant.
C) They tended to support him, but only when his ideas mirrored theirs.
D) They continually denigrated him and his ideas, calling him dangerous and a fool.
Q2) What did Du Bois ask for at the first Pan-African Congress?
A) the creation of a central black nation, but he did not demand the immediate withdrawal of the Europeans
B) that Africans come to America and help African Americans gain rights
C) that Africa begins a communist revolution to support the Soviet Union
D) that countries in Africa work toward taking over a state within America
Q3) Who was Andrew "Rube" Foster?
A) a black pitcher during the 1910s
B) the man behind the formation of the Negro National League
C) founder of the Chicago American Giants
D) all of these answers are correct
Q4) What organization was Randolph asked to lead in 1925?
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Q1) How did the Railway Labor Act amendments of 1934 affect the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters?
A) It completely destroyed the union, since it said that black people had no right to organize into unions.
B) Its provisions eventually forced the Pullman Company to recognize the union and bargain with it in good faith.
C) It had no effect on blacks, since it failed to include any provisions about unions.
D) It said companies had to bargain with unions, but was so weak it never had any real effect.
Q2) Who was the first black Democrat to ever win a House of Representatives seat?
Q3) What did W. E. B. Du Bois begin to criticize the NAACP for in 1934?
A) not filing enough legal cases to end segregation
B) being too divided and not helping Marcus Garvey before he was deported
C) not putting enough emphasis on economic development for blacks
D) for their record of violent protest against segregation
Q4) Who was central to the NAACP's effectiveness during the 1930s in chipping away at segregation through the court system?
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Q1) What was true about the radio program Amos 'n' Andy?
A) It was a generally positive, non-stereotypical view of blacks.
B) It was one of many shows about blacks on the radio at the time.
C) It featured white actors performing the part of blacks.
D) None of these answers are correct.
Q2) Which of the following is true about Mahalia Jackson?
A) She was a famous gospel singer, based in Chicago.
B) She was the first African-American woman to write a fiction book published by a white press.
C) She was a journalist who campaigned against lynching.
D) She was an innovator in the area of dance in Chicago.
Q3) What was a main characteristic of Dunham's dance choreography?
A) It was very conservative and often compared to classical ballet.
B) It was frequently filled with sexual movements and innuendo.
C) It was a forerunner of tap dancing.
D) It was quickly adopted by whites across the South.
Q4) Who was the leader of the Peace Mission Movement?
Q5) Where was the center of the black music world in the 1930s and 1940s?
Q6) What did the development of black culture during the 1930s and 1940s help African Americans counter? Page 21
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Q1) What was the most common result of the efforts of Malcolm Ross and the Committee on Fair Employment Practice to end discrimination?
A) resistance by whites, especially in the South, to desegregation
B) improvement to blacks' situation in labor across the South
C) worsening conditions for blacks, as the South began to fire blacks so they would not have to deal with Ross
D) many in the South abandoning the idea of segregation in employment
Q2) How did whites like William E. Dowling interpret the causes of the Detroit race riot?
A) Racism had been the primary force in the riot, and whites should work toward better relations with blacks.
B) They thought blacks had been too aggressive in pushing for rights, and that they were probably under communist influence.
C) The police had acted too harshly and should be punished.
D) The NAACP's language of violence and retaliation was not part of protected First Amendment speech, and was a primary cause of black anger.
Q3) What area saw the most dramatic increase in black population during World War II?
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Q1) Which state was generally seen as the symbolic center of racism and violence in 1964?
A) Mississippi
B) Georgia
C) Florida
D) Tennessee
Q2) Why did many African Americans support John Kennedy during the 1960 presidential election?
A) Many did not-he was seen as a typical racist from the South.
B) Kennedy, as governor of Massachusetts, had hired many blacks into important offices.
C) He made several important gestures, including helping King get released from prison.
D) Kennedy promised to desegregate the military and housing, and to allow black churches to be exempt from taxation in the South.
Q3) Why was Rosa Parks arrested on December 1, 1955?
A) for refusing to move from her seat for a white man
B) for sitting in the white section of the bus
C) for organizing the bus boycott
D) she was assisting with marches and demonstrations over the boycott
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Q1) What was the first political organization to adopt the black panther as its symbol?
A) the Black Panther Party
B) the Democratic Party
C) the Africa Free Party
D) the Lowndes County Freedom Organization
Q2) What occurred in Boston when a judge ordered several schools to desegregate by busing students to different areas?
A) Whites accepted the proposal enthusiastically.
B) Black parents and students rioted against police, with much racial violence continuing.
C) White parents and students rioted against police, with much racial violence continuing.
D) President Nixon refused to enforce the order, and it was ineffective.
Q3) Who found jazz music the most important and influential during the black arts movement?
A) the general black population
B) black intellectuals
C) white intellectuals
D) black women
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Q1) Which of the following is not true about rap music?
A) It is often composed of tracks from different songs.
B) It draws inspiration from earlier versions of black music.
C) Many critics thought that it was only a fad, and would fade away quickly.
D) It tended to mimic some of the earlier trends with bebop.
Q2) What was a culminating event of Farrakhan's leadership of the Nation of Islam?
A) his trip to Mecca
B) his denunciation of Jews
C) the Million Man March
D) his reaction to September 11
Q3) For what did Pope John Paul II apologize in 1993?
Q4) Why did some African-American women become attracted to feminism?
A) They hated men, and hoped to be admitted into the military.
B) They wanted to reduce the birthrate in America.
C) They became increasingly disillusioned with black male attitudes toward them in the civil rights, black power, and black civil rights movements.
D) No black women supported feminism.
Q5) What rap artist emerged to counter the images of women presented by gangsta rap artists?
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Q1) What significant first did Ronald Brown achieve?
A) He was the first black man to run for the presidency.
B) He became the first black man to lead a major national political party.
C) He was the first black man to be elected mayor of a predominantly white city.
D) .He was the first black man to be selected to the US Supreme Court.
Q2) What was the effect of trickle-down economics under Reagan?
A) Middle-class people and lower class people's incomes went up, and more jobs were created.
B) Wealthy people's incomes rose significantly, but unemployment went up.
C) Black people gained in status, especially economically.
D) The United States became the wealthiest industrialized nation in the world.
Q3) What president endorsed and developed the "Philadelphia Plan," on which most affirmative action programs were based?
A) Lyndon Johnson
B) Richard Nixon
C) Harry Truman
D) Ronald Reagan
Q4) What was the name of the Supreme Court case that decided to stop the recount of Florida votes, and gave the 2000 election to George Bush?
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