Quantitative Research in Education Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Quantitative Research in Education introduces students to the systematic investigation of educational phenomena using statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques. The course explores foundational concepts such as hypothesis formation, variable identification, research design, sampling methods, data collection, and statistical analysis. Emphasis is placed on interpreting data, understanding validity and reliability, drawing evidence-based conclusions, and critically evaluating existing quantitative studies in education. Students will gain hands-on experience with statistical software and learn to communicate quantitative findings to diverse audiences, equipping them with essential skills for educational research and policy analysis.
Recommended Textbook
Educational Research 5th Edition by
John W. Creswell
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Process of Conducting Research Using Quantitative
and Qualitative Approaches
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Q1) While studying educational research,you are likely to develop the following skills except
A)the ability to negotiate topics with faculty.
B)the ability to organize large amounts of information.
C)the ability to write for an audience.
D)the ability to effectively use library resources.
Answer: A
Q2) Place in order from 1 to 6 the steps in the process of research:
Answer: __2__ reviewing the literature __3__ specifying a purpose __5__ analyzing and interpreting data __6__ reporting and evaluating research __4__ collecting data __1__ identifying a research problem
Q3) How are quantitative and qualitative research similar?
A)Both follow the steps in the research process
B)Both use similar formats for presenting the research problem
C)Both use data collection procedures
D)Quantitative and quantitative research are similar in all of these ways
Answer: D
Q4) What type of research problem is best studied using a qualitative approach?
Answer: When the researcher wants to explore or develop a deep understanding of a phenomenon.
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Chapter 2: Identifying a Research Problem
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Q1) What characterizes the best stance on using quotes from the literature in the "statement of the problem" section of a research study?
A)Long quotes should not be used.
B)Quotes should be used sparingly.
C)Find quotes for statistical trends.
D)Short quotes should be used.
Answer: B
Q2) A researcher introduces the central idea in the title and the opening paragraph of a published study.This idea is called
A)the central idea.
B)the central phenomenon.
C)the key variable.
D)the educational topic.
Answer: D
Q3) Read through the opening paragraphs (1-12)of the parent involvement study (Deslandes & Bertrand,2005).Of the major components that are typically included in a good "statement of the problem" section,which one is missing?
Answer: Clearly stating an issue or a problem that leads to the study
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Chapter 3: Reviewing the Literature
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Q1) In a qualitative research study,typically the literature at the beginning of the study is used to
A)justify the importance of the research problem.
B)minimize the importance of the literature review.
C)create a general understanding of the educational topic.
D)document the need for the research questions in the study.
Answer: A
Q2) Identify how you would narrow your computerized ERIC search to research studies so that you capture important data-based studies on your topic.
Answer: You can combine your topic terms with "research" to narrow your search to research studies.
Q3) For what reason would you be particularly cautious about using papers posted to Web sites on the Internet for your literature review?
A)The papers may be difficult to locate with the search engine.
B)The papers would take a long time to print out.
C)The papers may not be screened for high quality.
D)The papers may be off-topic to the topic you plan to study.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Specifying a Purpose and Research Questions or
Hypotheses
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Q1) An explanation or prediction for the relationship between two or more variables in quantitative research is called a
A)theory.
B)variable.
C)hunch.
D)framework.
Q2) Types of leadership styles,such as autocratic,consensus-building,and transformational,are examples of what type of scores on variables.
A)Continuous scores
B)Leadership scores
C)Ordinal scores
D)Categorical scores
Q3) What is the dependent variable?
Q4) In the mothers' trust in school principals study (Shelden et al.,2010),the authors advance in paragraph 14 the question: "What are the perspectives of mothers of children with disabilities on trust in school principals?" What is the central phenomenon being explored in this study that can be gleaned from this question?
Q5) Identify the central phenomenon in this qualitative purpose statement.
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Chapter 5: Collecting Quantitative Data
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Q1) For your study,you need to collect data one the practices of a teacher while conducting a classroom activity in a school.What type of instrument would be the best choice?
A)Interest inventory
B)Affective scale
C)Practice inventory
D)Behavioral checklist
Q2) What is the most rigorous sampling procedure that a quantitative researcher could use?
A)Simple random sampling
B)Systematic cluster sampling
C)Randomized design sampling
D)Selective study sampling
Q3) If you decide to design your own instrument for quantitative data collection rather than modify or locate an existing instrument,you should know that
A)the instrument will reflect your own biases.
B)the instrument will be difficult to design.
C)your advisor will need to give approval.
D)the instrument will likely modify an existing instrument.
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Chapter 6: Analyzing and Interpreting Quantitative Data
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Q1) The two areas at the end of a normal curve that indicate low probability values if the null hypothesis is true are called
A)a two-tailed test.
B)the critical region.
C)the area of the true null.
D)the significance level or alpha.
Q2) If a researcher sets the alpha at .05 and obtains a p value of .06,this means that a null hypothesis would
A)fail to be rejected.
B)be slightly higher than alpha.
C)be very close to the alpha level.
D)be accepted as different.
Q3) Briefly define confidence intervals.
Q4) A quantitative researcher uses a data analysis computer program to sort the values of each variable into ascending order.The intent of this procedure is typically to A)clean up the data.
B)compute the mean.
C)answer a research question.
D)develop the codebook.
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Chapter 7: Collecting Qualitative Data
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Q1) A researcher shares her own struggles with "skipping school" as she interviews an at-risk high school student.What ethical issue is involved in this situation? Please explain.
Q2) What is the purpose of an interview or an observational protocol in qualitative research?
A)It helps determine the appropriate procedure.
B)It forms the basis for conducting data collection.
C)It provides a form for the researcher to take notes.
D)It offers an international process for researchers.
Q3) Which one of the following provides a good reason for why qualitative researchers select only a few participants?
A)The number of people available is typically small.
B)With each additional participant,less depth is possible.
C)The individuals who can answer the questions are few.
D)The researcher does not want to generalize findings.
Q4) Indicate the situation in which you might engage in this observational practice in qualitative research.
Q5) List two of the steps when collecting audio-visual material in qualitative research.
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Chapter 8: Analyzing and Interpreting Qualitative Data
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Q1) A preliminary exploratory analysis of a qualitative database means that you are
A)searching for early code words to use in your analysis.
B)reading through it to obtain a general sense of the data.
C)checking to see if the transcriptionist typed it accurately.
D)exploring the data for a detailed description of codes.
Q2) Qualitative researchers use qualitative analysis computer programs to
A)analyze the data for them.
B)transcribe interview recordings.
C)validate the findings.
D)assign labels or codes to data.
Q3) When writing a narrative discussion in a qualitative study,which of the following points is most important?
A)Change quotes to academic language
B)Report a single perspective
C)Report multiple perspectives
D)Minimize tensions or contradictions in experiences
Q4) What is a narrative discussion in qualitative research?
Q5) List the five elements to include in the final section in which you interpret findings for a qualitative study?
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Chapter 9: Reporting and Evaluating Research
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Q1) What do you find missing in this example of a poor model of balancing research and content?
Q2) Which of the following is a strategy specifically for building consistency into a scholarly research report?
A)Include the term consistency frequently throughout the report.
B)Use the same names for variables whenever they appear in the report.
C)Advance a concise title for the report.
D)Have a clearly specified purpose statement in the report.
Q3) What is the form of a qualitative research report that emphasizes five major categories of information found in a study?
A)Storytelling approach
B)Categorical approach
C)Thematic approach
D)Scientific approach
Q4) Why it is important for researchers to write for their audiences?
A)They need to market their material.
B)The audiences know best how to research.
C)The journals are most selective today.
D)The audiences have certain expectations.
Q5) What evidence from the passage are you basing your decision on? Be specific.
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Chapter 10: Experimental Designs
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Q1) Why are groups compared in an experiment?
A)Because they differ in important characteristics
B)To isolate whether the treatment affects the outcome
C)To identify if the groups statistically differ
D)To eliminate whether groups have different experiences
Q2) An experiment is conducted in a middle school.Students in the experiment group receive special tutoring in math while students in the control group participate in a regular math class.On the math achievement test at the end of the year,the students in the special tutoring group score higher on math skills than the students in the regular math class.A parent complains about the ethics of this experiment.What ethical issue would the parent likely raise?
A)The math skills test is inadequate.
B)The students in the regular math class are disadvantaged because they did not have tutor.
C)The experiment did not receive approval from school officials.
D)The random assignment of students to groups was unethical.
Q3) In experimental research,groups on some independent variable are compared in terms of outcomes on a dependent variable.Identify the independent variable and the groups in this experimental study.
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Chapter 11: Correlational Designs
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Q1) Examine Table 1 again,what variable has the lowest negative correlation?
Q2) What is the basic feature of multiple regression analysis?
A)It examines the association between two variables.
B)It examines the effect of multiple independent variables on one dependent variable.
C)It examines the effect of one independent variable on multiple dependent variables.
D)It indicates the causal sequence among variables.
Q3) What pattern of association would you expect to find if the scores were plotted for the variable,funding,and the variable,number of teachers?
Q4) What type of correlational design was being used in this study?
A)An explanation design
B)A prediction design
C)A prediction and explanation design
D)A correlated design
Q5) What association is the strongest of all of the variables in the matrix?
Q6) Examine Table 1,the correlation matrix of all of the variables in the study.What
Q7) Why are some cells left blank?
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Chapter 12: Survey Designs
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Q1) In survey research,a sample is drawn from a population and the results of the study generalized to the population.What option below best characterizes the population in this study?
A)The population was all sixth-graders in Western Oregon.
B)The population was all sixth-graders and all ninth-graders in Western Oregon.
C)The population was all youth readers in Western Oregon.
D)The population was all teachers and youth readers in Western Oregon.
Q2) "I prefer to learn through a scaffolding approach."
A)The question is wordy.
B)The question asks two or more questions.
C)The question is negatively worded.
D)The question includes jargon.
E)The question includes overlapping responses.
F)The question contains a mismatch between the question and the answers.
Q3) Of the alternative "types" of surveys,was the approach used more of a questionnaire or an interview?
Q4) Was this an example of longitudinal or cross-sectional research?
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Chapter 13: Grounded Theory Designs
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Q1) From the list below,what factor is a criterion for selecting a core category in grounded theory research?
A)It relates to other major categories.
B)It describes the general contextual conditions.
C)It is a core element in the existing literature.
D)It is a core element in the views of participants.
Q2) Since interviewing is often a central means of gathering data in a grounded theory study,what potential ethical issue might arise when conducting a grounded theory interview?
A)The interviewer exercising power and authority over the interviewee.
B)The interviewer talking too much about his/her position on the subject.
C)The interviewer taking up too much time from the interviewee.
D)The interview scheduled for a room with others in it.
Q3) In open coding in grounded theory research,what would be the order,from the broadest to the narrowest term,of the following terms?
A)Category,property,and dimensionalized property
B)Category,dimensionalized property,property
C)Dimensionalized property,property,category
D)Property,dimensionalized property,category
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Chapter 14: Ethnographic Designs
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Q1) An ethnography can be distinguished from a grounded theory study in qualitative research by
A)the use of participants' views.
B)the study of a cultural group.
C)analysis based on themes or patterns.
D)the focus on culturally-selected individuals.
Q2) An ethnographer concludes a study with an interpretation of the shared patterns of behavior of teenage skateboarders in a middle school.What aspects is this ethnographer likely to include in this interpretation?
A)A cultural theme that provided a framework for the study
B)An identification of three patterns of behavior shown by the teenagers
C)A detailed description of the challenges skateboarders give themselves
D)The personal meaning of skateboarding for each teenager
Q3) A culture-sharing group in an ethnography can be described as
A)a group of students in the same school in the same town.
B)a group of athletes who have spent the soccer season together.
C)a group of teachers from different schools.
D)a group of counselors located at schools in the district.
Q4) What is the culture-sharing group that this researcher is exploring?
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Chapter 15: Narrative Research Designs
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Q1) As you read a qualitative narrative research study,you are trying to decide what type of narrative study it might be.Below are listed examples of narrative studies.All of the following may be considered a type of narrative research EXCEPT?
A)This study addresses the personal life experiences of a new teacher as she starts her first year of college teaching.
B)This study collects the stories of Native American children as they participate in extracurricular activities of the school on the reservation.
C)This study describes the population of at-risk students who attend a large urban elementary school.
D)This study is a history of the researcher's life written by the researcher as he describes becoming a new principal.
Q2) What are the steps,in order,of the process of restorying?
A)Transcription,retranscription,restorying
B)Retranscription,restorying,reporting
C)Transcription,restorying,validation
D)Interviewing,transcription,restorying
Q3) List three of the criteria for evaluating a narrative research
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Chapter 16: Mixed Methods Designs
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Q1) Which of the following statements best summarizes the worldview-method argument that has been discussed among mixed methods and social science researchers?
A)There are many worldviews and many methods that researchers can use.
B)There is a need for compatibility between worldview and method used.
C)There are major differences between quantitative and qualitative research.
D)The approach in research should be worldview first and then methods.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a component of a mixed methods research design?
A)The use of both quantitative and qualitative data
B)The sequence of collecting quantitative and qualitative data
C)The integration of the quantitative and qualitative data
D)The use of quantitative and qualitative data in multiple studies
Q3) Also by examining the title,how do the authors foreshadow that both qualitative and quantitative data will be collected?
Q4) The authors advance the reasons why they undertook a mixed methods study and the advantages that adding qualitative data to an experiment is advantageous.What were the arguments that they made?
Q5) In what ways do the authors give "priority" to quantitative research in this study? Mention at least two ways.
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Chapter 17: Action Research Designs
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Q1) A researcher plans to study how a community supports or does not support a bond issue.This researcher plans to conduct action research and gather both quantitative and qualitative data.The intent of this researcher is further to lobby with the city council for better schools for minority children.What type of action research design should this researcher use?
A)An advocacy action research design
B)A mixed methods action research design
C)A participatory action research design
D)A practical action research design
Q2) To change a mixed methods research study into an action research study calls for
A)mixing the quantitative and qualitative data less in the study.
B)placing more action into the research plan.
C)focusing the study more on developing a plan to solve a problem.
D)using essentially the same multiple forms of data collection.
Q3) If you were to engage in an action research project,what would be your first step?
A)Develop a plan for action
B)Implement data collection of quantitative and qualitative information
C)Determine whether action research is the best design to use
D)Identify a problem to study
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