Quantitative Methods
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Quantitative Methods is a foundational course that introduces students to the principles and techniques of data collection, analysis, and interpretation using statistical tools. Emphasizing mathematical reasoning and problem-solving skills, the course covers topics such as descriptive statistics, probability distributions, hypothesis testing, regression analysis, and data visualization. Through practical examples and real-world applications, students learn how to apply quantitative approaches to support decision-making in business, economics, and social sciences. The course provides hands-on experience in using statistical software, enhancing students' ability to analyze data critically and make informed decisions based on quantitative evidence.
Recommended Textbook
Stats Data and Models 1st Canadian Edition by Richard D. De Veaux
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Chapter 1: Data
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person's gender
A)Quantitative
B)Categorical
Answer: B
Q2) A biologist studying hatchery fish released into rivers recorded several characteristics including length (centimetres),weight (kilograms),and life span.
A)Length,quantitative,centimetres;life span,quantitative,years.
B)Length,quantitative,centimetres;weight,quantitative,kilograms.
C)Length,quantitative,inches;weight,quantitative,pounds;life span,quantitative,years.
D)Length,quantitative,centimetres;weight,quantitative,kilograms;life span,quantitative,years.
E)Length,quantitative,inches;weight,quantitative,kilograms;life span,categorical.
Answer: D
Q3) A person's height in centimetres
A)Categorical
B)Quantitative
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Displaying and Describing Categorical Data
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the 1,470 applicants to a college program,760 were accepted,269 were wait-listed,and 441 were turned away for lack of space.Find the relative frequency distribution of the decisions made,and write a sentence describing it.
A)1,470 students applied for admission to the college program.52% were accepted,18% were wait-listed,and 30% were turned away.
B)1,470 students applied for admission to the college program.52% were accepted,and 48% were turned away.
C)1,470 students applied for admission to the college program.52% were accepted,35% were wait-listed,and 30% were turned away.
D)1,470 students applied for admission to the college program.52% were accepted,35% were wait-listed,and 58% were turned away.
E)1,470 students applied for admission to the college program.70% were accepted,and 30% were turned away.
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: Displaying and Summarizing Quantitative Data
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Sample Questions
Q1) John liked to order the all-you-can-eat shrimp at his favorite restaurant.Here are the number of shrimp he ate during his last five visits to the restaurant. 15,16,13,15,10
A)15 shrimp
B)13 shrimp
C)13.8 shrimp
D)17.3 shrimp
E)10 shrimp
Answer: C
Q2) Which class had the highest median score?
A)Class 1 and class 3
B)Class 2
C)Class 1
D)Class 3
E)None,because the classes had the same median.
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Understanding and Comparing Distributions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The freethrow percentages for participants in a basketball tournament were compiled.The percents ranged from 31% to 91% with a mean of 63% and a standard deviation of 6%.The quartiles and median percentages were 41%,79%,and 63%.Suppose one participant did not make any of his attempted freethrows (0%).Which of the summary statistics might not change if that data value was added to the distribution?
A)Median,range
B)Q1,Q3
C)Range,SD
D)Mean,IQR
E)Median,IQR
Q2) For class 2,compare the mean and the median.
A)Mean is equal to median.
B)Median is lower than mean.
C)Median is higher than mean.
D)Mean is higher than median.
E)No comparison possible
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Chapter 5: The Standard Deviation As a Ruler and the Normal Model
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Sample Questions
Q1) A bank's loan officer rates applicants for credit.The ratings can be described by a Normal model with a mean of 200 and a standard deviation of 50.If an applicant is randomly selected,what percentage can be expected to be between 200 and 275?
A)6.68%
B)43.32%
C)93.32%
D)42.37%
E)5.00%
Q2) The scores for a recent English exam can be represented by the Normal model N(71,7.0).What score would you expect to be unusually high for this exam?
A)50
B)64
C)74.5
D)92
E)78
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Scatterplots, association, and Correlation
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Sample Questions
Q1) A study shows that the amount of chocolate consumed in Canada and the number of automobile accidents is positively related.Find the lurking variable,if there is one.
A)Vacation
B)Speed
C)Children
D)Population growth
E)No lurking variable
Q2) Air pressure,altitude
A)Positive,straight,strong
B)Positive,straight,moderate
C)Negative,nonlinear,strong
D)Negative,straight,moderate
E)Negative,straight,strong
Q3) Oranges: weight (ounces),oranges: weight (grams)
A)Positive,straight,strong
B)Positive,nonlinear,moderate
C)Negative,straight,moderate
D)Negative,nonlinear,moderate
E)Positive,no form,strong
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Chapter 7: Linear Regression
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Sample Questions
Q1) A random sample of records of electricity usage of homes gives the amount of electricity used in July and size (in square feet)of 135 homes.A regression to predict the amount of electricity used (in kilowatt-hours)from size was completed.The residuals plot indicated that a linear model is appropriate.What are the variables and units in this regression?
A)Amount of electricity used (in kilowatt-hours)is y and size (in square feet)is x.
B)Amount of electricity used (in kilowatt-hours)is y and number of homes is x.
C)Size (in square feet)is y and amount of electricity used (in kilowatt-hours)is x.
D)Size (in square feet)is y and number of homes is x.
E)Number of homes is y and amount of electricity used (in kilowatt-hours)is x.
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Chapter 8: Regression Wisdom
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Sample Questions
Q1) A reporter studied the causes of a fire to a house,and established a strong positive association between the damages (in dollars)and the number of firefighters at the scene.Describe three different possible cause-and-effect relationships that might be present.
A)Perhaps the damages cause more firefighters at the scene,firefighters cause more damages at the scene ,or both could be caused by a lurking variable such as the type of the building.
B)There is only one cause-and-effect relationship: firefighters cause more damages at the scene.
C)There are only two cause-and-effect relationships: damages cause more firefighters at the scene,or firefighters cause more damages at the scene.
D)There is only one cause-and-effect relationship: the damages cause more firefighters at the scene.
E)Perhaps the damages cause more firefighters at the scene,firefighters cause more damages at the scene ,or both could be caused by a lurking variable such as the size of the blaze.
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) The relationship between two quantities x and y is examined.The relationship appears to be fairly linear.A linear model is considered,and the regression analysis is as follows:
Dependent variable: y
R-squared = 87.9%
VARIABLE COEFFICIENT
Intercept 37.74
X -9.97
What does the slope say about the relationship between x and y?
A)For each increase in x of 1,the corresponding average decrease in y is 9.97.
B)For each increase in x of 1,the corresponding average increase in y is 37.74.
C)For each increase in x of 1,the corresponding average decrease in y is 37.74.
D)For each increase in x of 1,the corresponding average increase in y is 9.97.
E)For each increase in x of 1,y decreases by and average of 87.9%.
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Chapter 10: Understanding Randomness
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Sample Questions
Q1) A university in your region estimates that graduating average of high school students who apply for admission to a particular university program can be described by a Normal model with a mean of 82% and a standard deviation of 5%.The staff in admissions open the applications at random looking for 10 applicants with averages above 85%.How many applications do you think the staff will need to open?
A)About 36 applications.
B)About 21 applications.
C)About 10 applications.
D)About 28 applications.
E)About 14 applications.
Q2) What is the minimum number of times that an ordinary deck of playing cards must be shuffled to make the deck random?
A)7
B)1
C)2
D)8
E)It cannot be made random.
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Chapter 11: Sample Surveys
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Sample Questions
Q1) One day a popular morning show on a local radio station conducted a phone-in survey regarding the recent rise in the city's various utility rates.The survey lasted the entire morning show.Other than time constraints of the show,no callers were knowingly refused to voice their opinion on-air.The transcribed results were sent to various governmental agencies and local politicians.Identify the type of sampling used.
A)Attempted census
B)Voluntary response sampling
C)Cluster sampling
D)Convenience sampling
E)Systematic sampling
Q2) A magazine publisher mails a survey to every subscriber asking about the quality of its subscription service.The total number of subscribers represents what?
A)The sampling frame
B)Involuntary sampling
C)The population parameter of interest
D)A census
E)The population size
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Chapter 12: Experiments and Observational Surveys
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher wants to investigate whether different forms of exercise can be used to help hyperactive children.A group of 90 children is divided into two groups according to age - those aged 9-12 and those aged 5-9.Within each age group the children are randomly assigned to one of three groups.The first group will just do their normal exercise.The second group will be given an additional exercise routine (moderate).The third group will be given an additional exercise routine (strenuous).At the end of a four month period parents will be asked to evaluate their children's progress.
A)Completely randomized over one factor (exercise).
B)Randomized block design,blocking on age,with one factor,exercise.
C)Randomized block design,blocking on exercise,with one factor,age.
D)Completely randomized over two factors,exercise and age.
E)None of the above.
Q2) A medical researcher believes that supplements of glucosamine can help to reduce the pain of arthritis.She would like to test the supplement at two different dosage levels.Design an experiment to test the conjecture.Be sure to identify the factors,the levels,treatments,and response variable.
Q3) A manufacturer of tennis rackets has designed a new racket and would like to compare it to their previous design.Suggest an appropriate experiment.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: From Randomness to Probability
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Sample Questions
Q1) Toss a coin three times;record the order of heads and tails.
A){HHH,HHT,TTH,TTT},equally likely
B){HHH,HHT,HTH,HHT,HTT,THT,TTH,TTT},equally likely
C){HHH,HHT,TTH,TTT},not equally likely
D){H,T},equally likely
E){HHH,HHT,HTH,HHT,HTT,THT,TTH,TTT},not equally likely
Q2) The weather reporter predicts that there is a 20% chance of snow tomorrow for a certain region.What is meant by this phrase?
A)Snow occurs 20% of the time in this region.
B)The occurrence of snow is "truly random" and will occur 20% of the time.
C)In circumstances "like this," snow occurs 20% of the time.
D)20% of the time it snows on this date.
E)It will rain 20% of the day tomorrow.
Q3) The Multiplication Rule says that P(A and B)= P(A)× P(B).What must be true about events A and B for this rule to apply?
A)The events must be disjoint.
B)The events must be independent.
C)The events must be mutually exclusive.
D)Two of the above
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Probability Rules
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a small town,a certain type of laptop computer is sold at just two stores.Store A has 31% of the sales,3% of which are of defective items,and store B has 69% of the sales,5% of which are of defective items.A person receives one of these laptop computers as a gift.What is the probability it is defective?
A)0.03
B)0.022
C)0.044
D)0.04
E)0.34
Q2) In one town in British Columbia,only 27% of days are sunny.A company's records indicate that on sunny days 2.2% of employees will call in sick.When it is not sunny,1.2% of employees will call in sick.What percent of calls (where an employee calls in sick)occur on sunny days?
A)27%
B)59.6%
C)67.8%
D)40.4% E)2.2%
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Chapter 15: Random Variables
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Sample Questions
Q1) Miguel buys a large bottle and a small bottle of juice.The amount of juice that the manufacturer puts in the large bottle is a random variable with a mean of 1,024 ml and a standard deviation of 12 ml.The amount of juice that the manufacturer puts in the small bottle is a random variable with a mean of 504 ml and a standard deviation of 2 ml.If the total amount of juice in the two bottles can be described by a normal model,what's the probability that the total amount of juice in the two bottles is more than 1,554.8 ml?
A)0.014
B)0.011
C)0.018
D)0.986
E)0.982
Q2) In a box of 8 batteries,5 are dead.You choose two batteries at random from the box.Let the random variable X be the number of good batteries you get.Find the standard deviation of of X.
A) = 0.78
B) = 0.40
C) = 0.47
D) = 0.59
E) = 0.63
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Probability Models
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bill claims that he has a coin which is biased and which comes up heads more than tails.His claim is based on a trial in which he flipped the coin 200 times and got 110 heads.If the coin were actually fair,what would be the probability of getting 110 or more heads?
A)0.579
B)0.421
C)0.079
D)0.059
E)0.921
Q2) A laboratory worker finds that 1.6% of his blood samples test positive for the HIV virus.In a random sample of 140 blood tests,what is the mean number that test positive for the HIV virus?
A)2.24
B)137.76
C)1.48
D)2.20
E)22.4
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Sampling Distribution Models
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Sample Questions
Q1) Assume that 15% of students at a university wear contact lenses.We randomly pick 200 students.What is the probability that more than 16% of this sample wear contact lenses?
A)0.345
B)0.654
C)0.309
D)0.397
E)0.692
Q2) A candy company claims that its jelly bean mix contains 24% blue jelly beans.Suppose that the candies are packaged at random in small bags containing about 450 jelly beans.Describe the sampling distribution model of the proportion of blue jelly beans in a bag.
A)N(24%,0.9%)
B)N(24%,2.0%)
C)N(76%,2.0%)
D)Binom(450,24%)
E)There is not enough information to describe the distribution.
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Chapter 18: Confidence Intervals for Proportions
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Q1) Of 314 randomly selected medical students,25 said that they planned to work in a rural community.Construct a 95% confidence interval for the percentage of all medical students who plan to work in a rural community.
A)(4.40%,11.5%)
B)(4.97%,11.0%)
C)(5.45%,10.5%)
D)(4.03%,11.9%)
E)(7.02%,8.90%)
Q2) A political party is interested in finding out what kind of popular support they might expect on an environmental initiative.Similar issues have gotten 87% support.The committee will set up a polling program to assure 95% confidence that the margin of error is less than 9%.What sample size will suffice?
A)162
B)5
C)54
D)48
E)38
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Chapter 19: Testing Hypotheses About Proportions
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Q1) Data in 1980 showed that about 42% of one country's population had never smoked cigarettes.In 2004,a national health survey in this country interviewed a random sample of 3000 adults and found that 51% had never been smokers.Create a 95% confidence interval for the proportion in 2004 of this country's adults who had never been smokers.
A)Based on the data,we are 95% confident the proportion of adults in 2004 who had never smoked cigarettes is between 49.2% and 52.8%.
B)Based on the data,we are 95% confident the proportion of adults in 2004 who had never smoked cigarettes is between 47.8% and 58.2%.
C)Based on the data,we are 95% confident the proportion of adults in 2004 who had never smoked cigarettes is between 49.2% and 63.2%.
D)Based on the data,we are 95% confident the proportion of adults in 2004 who had never smoked cigarettes is between 40% and 60%.
E)Based on the data,we are 95% confident the proportion of adults in 2004 who had never smoked cigarettes is between 37.4% and 52.8%.
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Chapter 20: More About Tests
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Sample Questions
Q1) A manager of a large company believes that 95% of her employees use their 40 hours of weekly work time productively.A random survey given to some of the employees found that only 92.7% of her employees used their time productively.A statistician rejected the 95% hypothesis with a P-value of P = 0.021.
Q2) According to the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey,23.1% of Canadians aged 18 or older were considered obese;that is,they had a body mass index (BMI)of 30 more higher.Suppose you believe that the percentage of obese Canadians has increased since 2004 and wish to test your belief.A current survey of 1000 random Canadians found that 245 were obese.Test an appropriate hypothesis using = 0.10 and state your conclusion.Be sure the appropriate assumptions and conditions are satisfied before you proceed.
Q3) Five years ago,a company found that 8% of its employees commuted to work by car.A survey investigates whether the current proportion of employees who commute by car to work is higher than it was five years ago.A test on employee commuting by car was done on a random sample of 1000 employees,and found car commuting to be 12%.Test an appropriate hypothesis using = 0.05 and state your conclusion.Be sure the appropriate assumptions and conditions are satisfied before you proceed.
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Chapter 21: Comparing Two Proportions
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Q1) A poll checking on the level of public support for a tax increase reported that 19% of the respondents were in favour.The pollsters reported a sampling error of ±5%.When the responses were broken down by gender,support was 3% higher among women than men.The pollsters said the margin of error for this difference was ±6%.Why is the margin of error larger for the difference in support between the genders than for the overall level of support?
Q2) A poll of randomly selected Canadians between the ages of 20 and 29 reports that 35 of 410 men and 59 of 398 women suffered from insomnia at least once a week during the past year.
Q3) Suppose that you perform a two-proportion z-test and reject the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the two proportions.If that conclusion is actually wrong,which type of error did you commit?
Q4) A researcher wished to test the claim that the rate of defectives among the computers of two different manufacturers is the same.She selected two independent random samples and found that 1.5% of 400 computers from manufacturer A were defective and 3.5% of 200 computers from manufacturer B were defective.
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Inferences About Means
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Q1) A scientist in Smallville tested the cholesterol of a random sample of 35 town residents.He constructed the following confidence interval: T-interval for : with 99.00% Confidence,188 < (Cholesterol)< 206
A)197
B)18
C)1.09
D)9
E)Not enough information is given.
Q2) 99% confidence interval with df = 24
A)1.711
B)2.779
C)2.492
D)2.807
E)2.797
Q3) P-value for t 2.13 for a sample of size 31
A)0.9913
B)0.0207
C)0.9480
D)0.9793
E)0.9653
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Chapter 23: Comparing Means
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Q1) You wish to construct a 95% confidence interval to compare the mean measurement for two groups.A small pilot study yields sample standard deviations of 20 and 30 for Group 1 and Group 2,respectively.If we wish to obtain a margin of error of at most 10,what sample size should we take from each group? Assume equal sample sizes.
A)49
B)47
C)50
D)48
E)51
Q2) You wish to construct a 90% confidence interval to compare the mean measurement for two groups.A small pilot study yields sample standard deviations of 10 and 12 for Group 1 and Group 2,respectively.If we wish to obtain a margin of error of at most 2,what sample size should we take from each group? Assume equal sample sizes.
A)165
B)168
C)169 D)166
E)167
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25
Chapter 24: Paired Samples and Blocks
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Q1) Ten different families are tested for the number of litres of water they use each week before and after viewing a conservation video.We want to see if there is strong evidence that the conservation video reduces people's water consumption rate.A t-test of the null hypothesis of no difference has a t-statistic of -2.894 with a P-value of 0.0089.State your conclusion regarding the hypotheses.If this conclusion is incorrect,which type of error was made?
Q2) Ten different families are tested for the number of litres of water they use each week before and after viewing a conservation video.We want to see if there is strong evidence that the conservation video changes people's water consumption rate.A t-test of the null hypothesis of no difference has a t-statistic of -2.894 with a P-value of 0.0178.Interpret this result by explaining the meaning of the P-value.
Q3) Suppose that you wish to perform a traditional hypothesis test to test a claim regarding two means.Give an example of a situation in which the matched pairs test would be appropriate and give an example of a situation in which it would be appropriate to perform a two-sample t-test.
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Chapter 25: Comparing Counts
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Q1) What is the null hypothesis for the chi-square test of independence? What assumptions are required for this test?
Q2) Test the claim that workplace accidents are distributed on workdays as follows: Monday 25%,Tuesday: 15%,Wednesday: 15%,Thursday: 15%,and Friday: 30%.
In a study of 100 workplace accidents,24 occurred on a Monday,15 occurred on a Tuesday,17 occurred on a Wednesday,18 occurred on a Thursday,and 26 occurred on a Friday.Use a 10% level of significance.
Q3) When performing a chi-square goodness-of-fit test,how are the expected frequencies obtained?
Q4) Among the eastern provinces in 2010,states,Nova Scotia has 40% of the total population,New Brunswick has 33%,Newfoundland has 21%,and Prince Edward Island has 6%.A market researcher selects a sample of 1000 subjects in 2011,with 450 in Nova Scotia,340 in New Brunswich,150 in Newfoundland,and 60 in Prince Edward Island.Does the distribution of the sample agree with the population distribution? Use a 1% level of significance.
Q5) Explain why a chi-square goodness-of-fit test is always right-tailed.
Q6) Describe a goodness-of-fit test.What assumptions are made when using a goodness-of-fit test?
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Chapter 26: Inferences for Regression
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Q1) In the context of regression analysis,the sum of the residuals is always zero.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When performing regression analysis,different samples will all yield the same sample regression line.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If the assumptions for regression inferences are met,what would you expect to see when constructing a residual plot and a normal probability plot for the residuals?
Q4) In the context of regression analysis,explain what is meant by the term "residual".
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Chapter 27: Analysis of Variance
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Q1) A horticulturist wants to test the effectiveness of four types of fertilizer on the growth rate of Bermuda grass.Six sections of grass are randomly assigned to each of the four fertilizer types,and the rate of growth for each section is measured.The F-value from an ANOVA is 10.866.What is the P-value?
A)p = 0.0002
B)p = 0.010
C)p = 0.001
D)p = 0.0001
E)p = 0.0011
Q2) An industrial engineer wants to test the effect of three different ways of assembling a part on the total assembly time.Five people are randomly assigned to each of the three assembly methods,and the total assembly time (in seconds)is recorded.How many degrees of freedom does the treatment sum of squares have? How about the error sum of squares?
A)df-treatment = 2;df-error = 14
B)df-treatment = 3;df-error = 12
C)df-treatment = 2;df-error = 12
D)df-treatment = 2;df-error = 13
E)df-treatment = 3;df-error = 14
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29
Chapter 28: Multifactor Analysis of Variance
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Sample Questions
Q1) A student runs an experiment to study the effect of gas brand and car type on mileage.She uses 3 different brands of gas on 8 different types of cars.
A)Gas brand SS: 3 df;Car type SS: 7 df;SSE: 14 df
B)Gas Brand SS: 3 df;Car type SS: 4 df;SSE: 12 df
C)Gas brand SS: 1 df;Car type SS: 7 df;SSE 14 df
D)Gas Brand SS: 2 df;Car type SS: 3 df;SSE: 8 df
E)Gas brand SS: 2 df;Car type SS: 7 df;SSE 14 df
Q2) A student runs a two-factor experiment to test how toaster level and speed affect the level of crispness of a bagel.He choses 3 levels of crispness (light,medium,dark)and 3 speeds (1 min,2 min,3 min),toasting one bagel at each condition.
Q3) A student runs an experiment on test scores for males and females at different times of day.She uses 4 different times of day.
A)Gender SS: 1 df;Time SS: 3 df;SSE: 3 df
B)Gender SS: 1 df;Time SS: 4 df;SSE: 4 df
C)Gender SS: 2 df;Time SS: 3 df;SSE 3 df
D)Gender SS: 1 df;Time SS: 3 df;SSE: 8 df
E)Gender SS: 2 df;Time SS: 4 df;SSE: 8 df
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Chapter 29: Multiple Regression
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Sample Questions
Q1) How much of the variation in bear measurements is explained by the model?
A)2.22%
B)96.9%
C)94.6%
D)20%
E)61.9%
Q2) Write the equation of the regression model.
A)Weight = -285.21 - 1.3838 Age - 11.24 Head Width + 28.594 Neck
B)Weight = 78.45 - 0.9022 Age - 20.88 Head Width + 5.870 Neck
C)Weight = 132425- 44142 Age - 41.81 Head Width + 0.002 Neck
D)Weight = -285.21 + 78.45 Age - 3.64 Head Width + 0.022 Neck
E)Weight = -3.64 - 1.53 Age - 0.54 Head Width + 4.87 Neck
Q3) Which measurement is the worst predictor of weight,after allowing for the linear effects of the other variables in the model?
A)Neck
B)Age
C)Head Width
D)Length
E)Sex
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Page 31
Chapter 30: Multiple Regression Wisdom
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Q1) What is the purpose of an indicator variable in a regression model?
A)An indicator variable allows us to increase our R-squared value.
B)An indicator variable allows us to include quantitative variables in our model.
C)An indicator variable allows us to fix violations of our constant variance assumption.
D)An indicator variable allows us to fix violations of our normality assumption.
E)An indicator variable allows us to include categorical variables in our model.
Q2) How would you interpret the coefficient of sex in this model?
Q3) A real estate agent wishes to predict the selling price of a home based on several variables.One categorical variable of interest is the quality of the home - low,medium,or high.If the real estate agent wished to include "quality" in a regression model,how many indicator variables would he/she need to use in the model?
Q4) How would you interpret the coefficient of Science in the multiple regression?
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Chapter 31: Rank-Based Nonparametric Tests
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Q1) Fifty (50)students took a math test before and after tutoring.Of the 50 students,34 showed an improvement and 2 showed no change.After ranking the remaining 48 differences (before - after),it is found that T- = 873 and T+ = 303 Do the data suggest that the tutoring improves math scores? Conduct a Wilcoxon signed rank test using a 0.01 level of significance.
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Chapter 32: The Bootstrap
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Sample Questions
Q1) Consider the following sample of three measurements {4,8,8}.How many distinct resamples are possible?
A)24
B)27
C)3
D)10
E)4
Q2) Consider the following sample of three measurements {4,8,13}.Which of the following distinct resamples is least likely to occur?
A){4,8,13}
B){8,8,8}
C){4,4,13}
D){4,8,8}
E)All distinct resamples are equally likely.
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