Quantitative Methods in Psychology Pre-Test Questions
Course
Introduction
Quantitative Methods in Psychology introduces students to the fundamental statistical techniques and research methodologies used to analyze and interpret psychological data. The course covers topics such as descriptive and inferential statistics, hypothesis testing, correlation, regression, ANOVA, and nonparametric methods. Emphasis is placed on the application of these techniques to psychological research, critical evaluation of published findings, and the proper use of statistical software. Through lectures, practical exercises, and data analysis projects, students gain the skills necessary to design, conduct, and analyze quantitative studies in psychology.
Recommended Textbook Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences 3rd Edition by Gregory J. Privitera
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
18 Chapters
1400 Verified Questions
1400 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1264 Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24953
Sample Questions
Q1) A social psychologist interested in the expression of love toward a significant other among American family members selects a few American family members for a study.In this example,the few American family members is the sample.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Researchers measure data in a ______ to learn more about individuals in the larger ______ of interest.
A) sample; population
B) statistic; inference
C) population; sample
D) inference; statistic
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following describes a descriptive statistic?
A) summarize
B) infer
C) generalize
D) predict
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 3
Chapter 2: Summarizing Data: Frequency Distributions in
Tables and Graphs
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24954
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a type of graphical display used to summarize qualitative,discrete data?
A) bar chart
B) pie chart
C) histogram
D) both bar chart and pie chart
Answer: D
Q2) To summarize relative percent data,a pie chart can be a good choice to display the data.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) As a general rule,a simple frequency distribution should have between
A) 3 and 6 intervals.
B) 5 and 10 intervals.
C) 8 and 12 intervals.
D) 5 and 20 intervals.
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Summarizing Data: Central Tendency
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24955
Sample Questions
Q1) The mean is the balance point for a distribution.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The formulas for a population mean and a sample mean are defined using the same notation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The mathematical term x is the numerator for
A) the population mean.
B) the sample mean.
C) both the population mean and the sample mean.
D) none of these; this term is not in the numerator for any calculation.
Answer: C
Q4) The mode is always the middle score in a distribution.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: Summarizing Data: Variability
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24956
Sample Questions
Q1) The degrees of freedom for the sample variance
A) are equal to the sample size.
B) are equal to the sample size minus one.
C) can vary between -\(\infty\) and +\(\infty\).
D) are equal to the sample size minus one and can vary between -\(\infty\) and +\(\infty\).
Q2) How is the sample variance computed differently from the population variance?
A) Only one formula includes a computation for SS.
B) The calculation in the numerator is different.
C) The calculation in the denominator is different.
D) None of these; the sample variance and population variance are computed the same.
Q3) The sample standard deviation is equal to 6 when SS = 360 and n = 11.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The degrees of freedom for sample variance are equal to N.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: Probability
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24957
Sample Questions
Q1) The sample space is equal to the total number of random outcomes possible for a random variable.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The probability that someone in the human population has blood type AB is about p = .08; the probability that someone has blood type O is about p = .25.Knowing that each individual can have one and only one blood type,what is the probability that a person has an AB or O blood type?
A) .33
B) .02
C) 1.00
D) This state of affairs is not possible.
Q3) Which rule states that when two outcomes are mutually exclusive,the probability that either one of these outcomes will occur is the sum of their individual probabilities?
A) additive rule
B) multiplicative rule
C) additive rule and multiplicative rule
D) none of these
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 6: Probability, normal Distributions, and Z Scores
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24958
Sample Questions
Q1) The unit normal table can be used to find the probability of a particular score for most,but certainly not all,possible normal distributions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A therapist has a goal to reduce the mean number of patient symptoms expressed for a particular disorder to two symptoms per day.Following therapy,she determines that the z score for 2 symptoms per day is 0.Assuming the data are normally distributed,did she reach her goal?
A) No, because the z score indicates 0 improvement.
B) No, because the z score is not negative (indicating a reduction in symptoms).
C) Yes; in fact, she actually reduced the mean number of symptoms to 0.
D) Yes, because a z score of 0 is the average, or mean.
Q3) A researcher records the following assessment data: 42 ± 6 (M ± SD).The researcher only wants to sample participants scoring in the top 20% of this assessment.What is the cutoff score for the top 20% in this example?
A) 0.84
B) 47.04
C) 36.96
D) There is not enough information to answer this question.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 8
Chapter 7: Probability and Sampling Distributions
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24959
Sample Questions
Q1) Two researchers select a sample from a population with a mean of 12.4 and a standard deviation of 9.Researcher A selects a sample of 30 participants.Researcher B selects a sample of 40 participants.Which sample is associated with a smaller standard error?
A) Researcher A's, because the sample size was smaller.
B) Researcher B's, because the sample size was smaller.
C) Researcher A's, because the sample size was larger.
D) Researcher B's, because the sample size was larger.
Q2) A distribution of all sample means or sample variances that could be obtained in samples of a given size from the same population is called
A) a conditional procedure.
B) a sampling distribution.
C) sampling without replacement.
D) random sampling.
Q3) For the experimental sampling strategy,the order in which a participant is selected does not matter,and once selected,each participant is not replaced before sampling again.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 9
Chapter 8: Hypothesis Testing: Significance,effect Size,and
Power
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24960
Sample Questions
Q1) The alpha level must be split into each tail for a directional hypothesis test.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A researcher computes a test statistic and finds that the p value for this test is .03.What does this result mean?
A) There is a 3% likelihood of obtaining the test statistic value, if the null were true.
B) The probability of committing a Type I error if we retain the null hypothesis is 3%.
C) The probability of committing a Type II error if we reject the null hypothesis is 3%.
D) There is a 3% likelihood that the researcher's hypothesis is correct.
Q3) A researcher reports that the size of an effect in some population is d = 0.88.Which of the following is an appropriate interpretation for d?
A) The effect observed in the population was significant.
B) Mean scores were significant by 0.88 points in the sample.
C) Mean scores were significant by 0.88 points in the population.
D) Mean scores shifted 0.88 standard deviations in the population.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 10
Chapter 9: Testing Means: One-Sample and
Two-Independent-Sample T Tests
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24961
Sample Questions
Q1) A two-independent-sample t test is computed when mean differences are compared between two or more groups sampled from a population with an unknown variance.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A t test is associated with N degrees of freedom.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A professor compares final exam scores in his psychology class to final exam grades in another comparable professor's class.Assuming that the population variance of exam scores is unknown,what type of t test is appropriate for analyzing differences between these classes?
A) one-sample t test
B) two-independent-sample t test
C) There is not enough information to answer this question.
Q4) If d = 0.28,then we conclude that mean scores in some population have shifted 0.28 standard deviations below the mean.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Testing Means: Truehe Related-Samples T Test
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24962
Sample Questions
Q1) To increase the value of estimated Cohen's d,a researcher increases the sample size.Will this change the value of d?
A) Yes; as sample size increases, effect size increases.
B) No; as sample size increases, effect size decreases.
C) No; the sample size is not used to compute effect size.
D) Yes; as sample size increases, effect size decreases.
Q2) To compute the related-samples t test,we assume independence within groups.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A researcher selects a sample of 36 dog owners and measures their responsiveness to pictures depicting the humane and inhumane treatment of dogs.The researcher finds that responsiveness significantly differed,t = 3.243.Use \(\eta\)<sup>2</sup> to compute the proportion of variance for this result.
A) \(\eta\)<sup>2</sup> = .21
B) \(\eta\)<sup>2</sup> = .23
C) \(\eta\)<sup>2</sup> = .25
D) there is not enough information to answer this question
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Estimation and Confidence Intervals
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24963
Sample Questions
Q1) For the same data,increasing the certainty of an estimate will result in a less precise estimate.
A)True
B)False
Q2) There is no difference between a point estimate and an interval estimate.
A)True
B)False
Q3) To estimate the population mean for the two-independent-sample t,the sample size must be known.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In a sample of 26 participants,a researcher estimates the 90% CI for a sample with a mean of M<sub>D</sub> = 0.6 and an estimated standard error for the difference scores (S<sub>MD</sub>)of 0.1.What is the upper confidence limit for this interval?
A) 0.77
B) -0.5
C) 1.7
D) 2.5
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
13
Chapter 12: Analysis of Variance: One-Way
Between-Subjects Design
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24964
Sample Questions
Q1) A lowercase k is used to denote ______ using a one-way ANOVA.
A) the number of groups in a study
B) the number of participants in a study
C) the number of levels of the factor in a study
D) the number of groups in a study and the number of levels of the factor in a study
Q2) A researcher randomly assigned N = 16 rodents to experience one of four levels of shock (n = 4 per group)following the illumination of a visual cue.If SS<sub>BG</sub> = 24 and SS<sub>E</sub> = 48,then what was the decision at a .05 level of significance for a one-way between-subjects ANOVA?
A) reject the null hypothesis
B) retain the null hypothesis
C) there is not enough information to answer this question
Q3) The test statistic for a one-way between-subjects ANOVA is used to determine whether the variance associated with having different groups is significantly larger than the variance attributed to chance or error.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 14
Chapter 13: Analysis of Variance: One-Way Within-Subjects
Repeated-Measuresdesign
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24965
Sample Questions
Q1) To compute a one-way within-subjects ANOVA,we must assume both homogeneity of variance and homogeneity of covariance.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Mean square error is the denominator for all one-way ANOVA tests.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A researcher measures the time it takes eight participants to complete three successive tasks.What are the degrees of freedom between persons for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?
A) 2
B) 7
C) 14
D) there is not enough information to answer this question
Q4) Partial \(\eta\)<sup>2</sup> is a more ______ estimate of effect size than \(\omega\)<sup>2</sup>.
A) liberal
B) attractive
C) valuable
D) conservative
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 14: Analysis of Variance: Two-Way
Between-Subjects Factorial Design
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24966
Sample Questions
Q1) There are ______ cells or groups in a 3 * 4 ANOVA design.
A) 3
B) 4
C) 7
D) 12
Q2) A researcher conducts a 2* 4 between-subjects ANOVA in which 12 participants were observed in each group.If SS<sub>A</sub> = 18 and SS<sub>E</sub> = 264,then
what is the decision for Factor A at a .05 level of significance using the two-way between-subjects ANOVA?
A) reject the null hypothesis
B) retain the null hypothesis
C) there is not enough information to answer this question
Q3) For an analysis of variance,the term "two-way" refers to ______.
A) the number of factors in the design
B) the number of statistical tests in the design
C) the number of ways that the data can be analyzed
D) the direction that traffic should follow on a road
Q4) It is inappropriate to compute effect size for interactions and main effects.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: Correlation
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24967
Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher measures the following correlation: r = -.21.What is the value of the coefficient of determination?
A) .04
B) -.04
C) .42
D) -.42
Q2) A researcher computes the following phi correlation coefficient: rF1F1F1S1<sub>\(\phi\)</sub>F1F1F10 = .42.If the sample size was 20,then what is the decision for this correlation test?
A) retain the null hypothesis
B) reject the null hypothesis
C) there is not enough information to answer this question
Q3) The assumption that there is an equal variance or scatter of data points dispersed along the regression line is referred to as ______.
A) normality
B) linearity
C) homoscedasticity
D) restriction of range
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
17
Chapter 16: Linear Regression and Multiple Regression
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24968
Sample Questions
Q1) Using an analysis of regression,the variability in Y that is associated with error is measured by the ______.
A) regression variation
B) residual variation
C) correlation coefficient
D) coefficient of determination
Q2) For a simple linear regression with one predictor variable,we report the test statistic,degrees of freedom,and p value for the regression analysis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In an analysis of regression there are three sources of variation: regression,residual,and error.
A)True
B)False
Q4) To compute the standard error of estimate,we take the square root of the mean square residual.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 18
Chapter 17: Nonparametric Tests: Chi-Square Tests
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24969
Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher computes a 4 * 4 chi-square test for independence and estimates the following effect size: V = .36.This effect size is ______.
A) small
B) medium
C) large
Q2) A researcher computes a 3 * 4 chi-square test for independence with a sample of 50 participants,with \(\chi\)<sup>2</sup> = 8.43.What is the effect size for this result?
A) .08
B) .17
C) .29
D) .41
Q3) Which of the following measures of effect size can be reported with a 3 * 4 chi-square test for independence?
A) proportion of variance
B) the phi coefficient
C) Cramer's V
D) all of these
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 19
Chapter 18: Nonparametric Tests: Tests for Ordinal Data
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24970
Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher computes a related-samples sign test in which the number of positive ranks is 9 and the number of negative ranks is 3.The test statistic (x)is equal to ______.
A) 3
B) 9
C) 12
D) There is not enough information to answer this question.
Q2) A researcher computes the Wilcoxon signed-ranks T test.She finds that the sum of positive ranks is 56 and the sum of negative ranks is 22.What is the value of the test statistic,T?
A) 22
B) 34
C) 56
D) 78
Q3) Each of the following hypothesis tests has a normal approximation formula,except for the ______.
A) Mann-Whitney U test
B) related-samples sign test
C) Wilcoxon signed-ranks T test
D) Friedman test
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 20